‫جامعة المجمعة‬
‫كلية العلوم الطبية التطبيقية‬
‫قسم الصحة العامة‬
Majmaah University
College of Applied Medical Sciences
Public Health Dept.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Questions bank
Part 1
The questions
1- Compare questions: ‫أسئلة المقارنات‬
abcdefgh-
Compare between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell.
Compare between the plant cell and animal cell.
Compare between the nucleus of Eukaryotic cell and the nucleoid of prokaryotic cell.
Compare between the prokaryotic cell and plant cell.
Compare between the prokaryotic cell and animal cell.
Compare between the chromosomes of prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
Compare between the passive transport and active transport.
Compare between DNA and RNA.
2- Give the function of: ‫أذكر وظيفة‬
a- Nuclear membrane
b- Nucleolus
c- rough endoplasmic reticulum
d- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
e- Golgi apparatus
f- lysosomes
g- Contractile vacuole h- Carbohydrates in cell membrane
i- peroxisomes
j- mitochondria k- microtubules
l- microfilaments
m- intermediate filaments.
n- membrane proteins. o- DNA
3- Mention the:‫أذكر نوع أو أنواع‬
a- Types of endoplasmic reticulum
b- Types of ribosomes
c- Types of vacuoles
d- Types of cells
e- Types of cytoskeleton.
f- Types of proteins in cell membrane.
g- Types of passive transport.
h- Types of endocytosis
i- The structure of phospholipids
j- Types of cellular transport
K- Types of Nucleic acids
l- Types of Purines
m- Types of Pyrimidines in RNA
O- Types of Pyrimidines in DNA
4- Complete the missing parts of the following sentences: ‫أكمل الفراغات‬
a- The endomembrane system includes…………, ……………., …………., ……………..
b- The ribosomes contain ………………..and protein.
c- At the time of division, the chromatin fibers coil up to be seen as separate structures, called ………….
d- There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum that differ in structure and function, these
are……………and…………………..
e- Many transport vesicles from the ER travel to …………. for modification of their contents.
f- Smooth ER looks smooth because it lacks ...................
g- Rough ER looks rough because .............. are attached to its membranes.
1
h- ................. manufactures, sorts, packaging and ships cell products.
i- The ........... are a membrane-bounded sacs of enzymes that digests macromolecules.
j-
The lysosomal enzymes and membrane are synthesized by ............ and then transferred
to ................... then to lysosomes.
k-
...................... are found in freshwater protists and utilized to pump excess water out of the cell.
l-
..................... contain enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen.
m-
...................... is the main energy transformer of cells.
n-
..................... are the sites of cellular respiration.
o-
The mitochondrial matrix is a fluid-filled space contains.............., ..............and...............
p-
The .......................is a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm of cell.
q-
Microtubules consist of ...........................
r-
Microfilaments consist of.........................
s-
Intermediate filaments consist of .............
t-
.................. are the central structural support of both cilia and flagella.
u-
There are two populations of membrane proteins...............and ................
v-
............. is the ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another.
w-
Membrane carbohydrates may be covalently bonded either to lipids, forming .............., or to proteins,
forming ........................
x-
.................is a steady traffic of small molecules and ions across the plasma membrane in
both directions.
y-
................... can assist and regulate the transport of ions and polar molecules.
z-
.................. is the diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane which requires no energy.
aa-
.................... is the passive transport of water.
bb-
.................. contains high concentration of solute molecules.
cc-
.................. contains low concentration of solute molecules.
dd-
.................. contains equal concentrations of solute molecules.
ee-
................... is the pumping of solutes against their concentration gradients.
ff-
Large molecules are transported through the cell membrane by ............ and ...............
gg-
.................... are transported through the cell membrane by Exocytosis and endocytosis.
hh-
............. a transport vesicle budded from the Golgi apparatus is moved by the cytoskeleton
to the plasma membrane.
2
ii- ................ a cell brings in macromolecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles from the plasma
membrane.
jj............ is a cell engulfing of a particle by extending pseudopodia around it and packaging it in a large
vacuole.
kk-.....................is forming of a vesicle around droplets of extracellular fluid.
ll- .............. is called (Selective eating) which very specific in what substances are being transported across
the cell membrane.
5- Tick the following sentences with the suitable sign from ( √ ) or (× ): ‫صح أو حطأ‬
a- The nucleoid of prokaryotic cell contains prominent nuclear envelope
b- The nucleolus involved in the production of ribosomes
c- The smooth ER plays an important role in the detoxification of drugs and poisons inside the liver
cell
d- The lysosomal enzymes work best at the alkaline medium
e- Bacteria is a good example for prokaryotic cell
f- Free ribosomes synthesize proteins that function within the cytosol.
g- Free ribosomes synthesize proteins that function outside the cytosol.
h- Bound ribosomes synthesize proteins that are either included into membranes or for secretion
outside the cell
i- Bound ribosomes synthesize proteins that function within the cytosol
j- Golgi apparatus manufactures polysaccharides
k- Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration
l- Microtubules are the central structural support of both cilia and flagella
m-Both cilia and flagella have the same ultrastructure
n- The structure of cilium and flagellum is not identical to that of centriole
o- The plasma membrane functions as a selective barrier that allows passage of oxygen, nutrients, and
wastes for the whole volume of the cell.
p- Membranes rich in unsaturated fatty acids are more fluid than those dominated by saturated fatty
acids
q- Cell membrane permeability affected with the fluidity of cell membrane.
r- Membrane carbohydrates are important for cell-cell recognition
s- Cells recognize other cells by recognizing the surface molecules, on the plasma membrane.
t- The four human blood groups (A, B, AB, and O) differ in the external carbohydrates on red blood cells
u- Hydrophobic molecules, like hydrocarbons, CO2, and O2, can dissolve in the lipid bilayer and
cross easily.
v- Ions and polar molecules, like water, glucose and sugars pass through cell membrane with difficulty
6- Give the reason: ‫أذكر السبب‬
a- The liver contains an extensive number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
b- The Golgi apparatus is extensive specially in secretory cells.
c- The occuring of autophagy for some organelles by lysosomes inside the cell.
3
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
d- The presence of an extensive number of peroxisomes inside the liver cells.
e- Membranes rich in unsaturated fatty acids are more fluid than those dominated by saturated fatty acids.
Part 2
The questions
1- Compare questions: ‫أسئلة المقارنات‬
a- Compare between the saturated and unsaturated fats.
2- Give the function of: ‫أذكر وظيفة‬
a- Cellulose
i- fats
b- Chitin
c- Starch
d- Glycogen e- Lysozymes f- phospholipids g- cholesterol
3- Mention the:‫أذكر نوع أو أنواع‬
a- Types of molecules
b- Major types of macromolecules
c- Major types of micromolecules
d- Types of carbohydrates e- Types of monosaccharides f- Difference between aldoses and ketoses.
g-Types of polysaccharides h- Types of storage polysaccharides i- Types of structural polysaccharides
j- Types of amino acids k- Levels of protein structure l- Types of secondary structure in polypeptides
m- Types of interactions in the tertiary level of polypeptide chain. n- Types of lipids o- Types of fats.
4- Complete the missing parts of the following sentences: ‫أكمل الفراغات‬
abcde-
The four major classes of macromolecules are: .............., ..........., .........., and ..................
............ is a long molecule consists of a chain of similar building molecules (monomers)
covalently bounded together.
Polymer can be built up by linking its monomers by ................ .
................ can be broken down to its monomers by hydrolysis .
Polysaccharides
hydrloysis
.....................
f-
Monosaccharides
g-
.............consist of 2 monosaccharide molecules by dehydration reaction.
h-
2 glucose molecules dehydration
i-
Maltose
j-
Glucose + galactose
k-
Lactose
l-
Glucose + fructose
m- Sucrose
dehydration
hydrolysis
....................
......................................
......................................
dehydration
hydrolysis
..............
dehydration
hydrolysis
..............
.........................
+ ....................
.........................
+ ....................
4
n-
...................a storage polysaccharide of plants.
o-
................ a storage polysaccharide of animals.
p-
................. consists of thousands of α glucose molecules and stores in plant cells.
q-
...............
r-
................... is the building material of plants (cell wall).
s-
................consists of thousands of β glucose molecules.
t-
Cellulose
hydrolysis by
glucose molecules.
special enzymes
cellulase enzyme ..............................
u-
................is the building material of cuticle in insects.
v-
................. consists of thousands of glucose molecules with a N atom in one end.
w-
...................... is a polymer of amino acids connected in a specific sequence.
x-
A protein consists of one or more ....................... folded and coiled into a specific conformation.
y-
....................... the amino acids that have hydrophobic R groups (non-polar).
z-
....................... the amino acids that have polar R groups.
aa-
................... the amino acids with functional groups that are charged at cellular pH (7).
bb-
The peptide bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and ............... of the other by
dehydration.
cc-
.................... an enzyme that attacks bacteria, consists of a polypeptide chain of 129 amino acids.
dd- .................. an abnormal hemoglobin because of a single amino acid substitution .
ee-
....................... results from hydrogen bonds at regular intervals along the polypeptide backbone.
ff-
................... is determined by a variety of interactions among R groups and between R groups
and the polypeptide backbone.
gg- .........................results from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide chains.
hh- Collagen is a fibrous protein of ............ polypeptides that are supercoiled, and function in
connective tissues.
5
ii-
.........................is a globular protein with two copies of two kinds of polypeptides (2α and 2β).
..................it is the change of protein’s conformation in response to the physical and chemical
conditions.
kk- .................... include cholesterol and certain hormones.
ll- A fat is constructed from two kinds of smaller molecules............... and .................
jj-
mm-
.......................have two fatty acids attached to glycerol and a phosphate group at the third position.
nn-
..................... are lipids with a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused carbon rings.
oo-
..............., an important steroid, is a component in animal cell membranes.
pp-
Unsaturated fats
??
saturated fats.
qq- DNA nucleotide consists of ................., ......................., and............................
rr- ........................... are polymers of monomers called nucleotides.
ss- Sugar–Phosphate-Base
........................................
tt- Complete the sequence of DNA bases:
A
.....
G
.....
T
.....
C
.....
G
......
C
.....
A
.....
5- Tick the following sentences with the suitable sign from ( √ ) or (× ): ‫صح أو حطأ‬
a- The alimentary canal of human can digest cellulose material.
b- The enzymes that digest starch can hydrolyze cellulose.
c- A protein’s function depends on its specific conformation
d- A protein consists of one or more ............... folded and coiled into a specific conformation
e- Differences in R groups produce the 20 different amino acids.
f- The physical and chemical characteristics of the R group determine the unique characteristics of
a particular amino acid.
g- all proteins can return to their original shape again after denaturation.
h- Cholesterol is the precursor which all other steroids are synthesized from.
i- Sex hormones are proteins
6- Give the reason of : ‫أذكر السبب‬
a- The alimentary canal of human can not digest cellulose material.
b- The alimentary canal of termites can digest cellulose material.
c- Lipids are an exception among macromolecules.
d- lipids have little or no affinity for water.
6
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
(Answer: This is because their structures are dominated by non-polar covalent bonds.)
e- Fats are hydrophobic.
f- Cholesterol is an essential molecule for human.
7