LECTURE 7
ADOLESCENCE
OBJECTIVES
• Define adolescence.
• State the three phases of adolescence.
• State the physiological changes that occur during adolescence.
• Define puberty.
• Identify the major developmental tasks of adolescence.
• Discuss the adolescence's stage of development according to
Erikson and Piaget.
OBJECTIVES
• Discuss the impact of peers, cliques, and best friends on the growth
and development of the adolescence.
• Discuss the role of dating in the development of cognitive and social
behavior development.
• Discuss the role of parents in fostering the positive growth and
development of the adolescent.
• Stat two specific health risks in the adolescent age group.
• Discuss how to determine the fertile period of a female
adolescent.
•
Definition
• The origin of the word adolescence Is from the latin word adolesere,
which means “to grow and mature”.
• Adolescence is considered to be the bridge between childhood and
adulthood.
•
lt is a unique stage of development characterized by many
physiological cognitive psychosocial and sexual changes.
• The health habits and coping skills fromed during this period last for
a lifetime and mastery of developmental tasks during this period
helps prepare the adolescent for adulthood
Developmental tasks
• Developmental tasks Encountered during adolescence include:
1-Establishing a stabilized sense of identity
2 -Separation from family career planning
3 -Establishing close peer relationships
4 -intimacy.
• Adolescence is often separated into three phases
1 -Early adolescence (10 to13 years).
2 -Middle adolescence (14 to16 years).
3 -Late adolescence (17 to 20 years).
Physiological changes
• The 13 year old adolescent differs greatly from the 18 year old adolescent
each of these three distinct phases of adolescence has its own set of
challenges
• Early adolescence also called preadolescence is characterized by physical
changes in the structure and function of various parts of the body.
• Weight gain is common and the major cause is an increase in
musculoskeletal mass.
• Growth is asynchronous, which means different parts of the body mature
at different times, possibly resulting in temporary awkward appearance .
• Growth sput occurs during adolescence.
Three Phases of Growth and Development of the
Adolescent
Early (10 to13years)
Middle
(14 to 16 years)
Late
(17 to 20 years)
Physical growth
Appearance of secondary Spurt in height
sex characteristics
growth
Growth slows
Body image
Self-conscious adjusts to
pubertal changes
Experiments with
different images and
looks
Accepts body image
personality
emerges
self-concept
Low self –esteem
Denial of reality
Impulsive
Impatient
Identify confusion
Has positive
Self-image
Empathetic
Independent thinker
Behavior
Behaves for rewards
Behaves to conform
Shows responsible
Behavior
Peers
Unisex cliques of
friends
Has best friend
Engages in hero
worship
Has adult crushes
Begins dating
Has need to please
significant peer
Develops
heterosexual
peer group
Values
individual
relationships
Begins partner
selection
Family
Is ambivalent to
family
Strives for
independence
Struggles for
autonomy and
acceptance
Rebels /withdraws
Demands privacy
Achieves in
dependence
Reestablishes
family
relationships
Cognitive
Concrete
development thinking
Here and now is
important
Early abstract
Abstract
Daydreams
thinking
fantasizes
Idealistic
Starts inductive
and deductive
reasoning
Goals
Identifies/skills
interests
Becomes
a super
achiever or
dropout.
Socializing is
priority
Goals may be
unrealistic
Identifies career
goals Enter
work or college
Health
concerns
Concerned
about
normalcy
Concerned
about
experimenting
with drugs or
sex
Idealistic
Decision
making for life
style choice
Interventions
Coveys limits
Encourage
Verbalization
Help them
solve problems
from choices
Use peer group
sessions
Provide privacy
Discuss goals
Allow
participation
in decisions
Provide
confidentiality
Puberty
• The word puberty refers to sexual maturity or Having the functional
ability to reproduce.
• Puberty involves physical and psychological changes.
boys
•
For boys, puberty begins between 10 and 13 years with normal
changes.
• Secondary sex characteristics are not involved in the reproductive
process but appear at this time.
• Increases in androgens are responsible for producing the male
secondary sex characteristics .
Girls
•
For girls during puberty, hormone begin establish a pattern
within a monthly cycle. This pattern can typically be 28 to 32
days apart.
• The very first menstrual period is called the menarche.
•
The menarche usually occurs between age 12 and 13 but can
occur between 10 and 15.
Cognitive Development
• According to Piaget young adolescents are in the concrete phase
of thinking which means they interpret words and concepts
literally.
• By middle adolescence they begin to think more abstractly.
• This stage of cognitive development is called the fromal
operation stage.
• Adolescents in this stage can process information quickly and
efficiently and their thinking becomes more complex.
Psychosocial development
• According to Erikson one of the major tasks of adolescence is
achieving a stable self identity.
• Adolescent may try out various temporary styles and social roles
in the process of finding their own individual identity.
Teen Violence
• The united status rates highest in the industrial world in violent
death rate.
•
Violent crimes involving teenagers are an increasing problems.
•
Children in Adolescents often use violence to handle conflicts.
DEVELOPMENT OF RESPONSIBILTY
•
Adolescents look forward to challenges and often feel humiliated
when placed in the dependent role.
• It is important for the adolescent to be responsible for making
decisions, especially those relative to career, politics, and religion.
•
The role of parents should be listening and guiding the adolescent
rather than mandating behavior.
Peer relationships
• Peer group affiliation has a major impact on a dorescent growth
and development.
• school plays an important role in psychosocial development
because it provides the opportunity for social interaction peer
group association and clique formation.
Teaching techniques for the adolescent
• The first step in effectively teaching adolescents involves
establishing trusting relationship communication must be
supportive and not threaten
• Identifying health risks of the adolescent is essential to plan
teaching relevant to preventative health care
• Health conditions that benefit from preventative measures and
early intervention include substances abuse and depression.
• Motor vehicle accidents(MVAs) continue to be the leading cause
of teen morbidity and mortality and are preventable with
appropriate education and training.
Thank You