Russia-EU Relations
Development and perspectives
History
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1989- Soviet Union- EEC recognition
1992- Delors- need for new establishment
1994- PCA- Partnership and cooperation Agreement (in force since
1997)
1995- EU enlargement- Finland etc.
1999- Cologne- Common strategy on Russia
May 2003- St. Petersburg- Four spaces
May 2004- EU enlargement- Estonia, Poland, Latvia etc.
2004- European Neighbourhood Policy
May 2005- final roadmaps
Institutional structure
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Summit- twice a year
Cooperation Council- foreign ministerial levelPermanent Partnership Council
Cooperation Commitee- senior official level
Sub- Commitee- expert level
Parliamentary Cooperation Commitee
Four common spaces
Based on the PCA Treaties. Intensifïcation of the previous
programmes.
 Common Economic (European) Space
 Common Space of Freedom, Security and Justice
 Common Space of Cooperation in the Field of External
Security
 Common Space of Research, Education and Culture
Common Economic Space
Basic facts
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More than 50% of Russian
export goes to EU
Russia is fifth trading partner of
EU (after USA, Switzerland,
China and Japan)
Main partners- Germany,
Netherlands, Italy
Total trade (2003) 84 bln. Euro
(EU trade deficit 18 bln.)
Russian GDP= GDP of Sweden
and Finland together (400 bln.
Euro)
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Raw materials and primary
products- 79% of Russian export
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Russian need in investment to
the sector
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EU is the biggest FDI source
(Cyprus, Netherlands, Germany,
United Kingdom)
 Total accumulated foreign
investment in Russia- 38.5 bln
dollars (9,4 last year)
 Oil from Russia composed 16 %
(2002) of the EU consumption
Russia´s main trading
partners
Source: BOFIT
FDI into Russia
Source: BOFIT
Common Economic Space
Aims of the Programme
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Russian WTO accession
Facilitate trade and investment
Regulatory and legislative convergence
Convergence in technical norms etc.
Energy and enviromental questions
Common Economic Space
Points of Contradiction
EU position
 Energy and enviroment
 Intellectual Property
Rights
 Four freedoms
 Energy as a part of CES
(domestic prices for
Russian producers)
 Transport- Siberian
overflight charges
Russian position
 Narrower concept
 Priority just in separate
sectors
 Based on investment and
cooperation
 Long perspective
 Partial harmonisation
 Energy question separate
from other CES agenda
Common Space of Freedom,
Security and Justice
Objectives
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Human rights consultations
 Judicial system improvement
 Free media
 Non- visa regime
 Fight the organized crime
Common Space of Freedom,
Security and Justice
Russian interests
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Russian speaking
minorities in Baltic states
 Ratification the
Convention of Minority
Rights
 Terrorists extradiction
 Visa-free regime
 Kaliningrad question
EU position (esp. New
member states)
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Stress on human rights
 Border agreements
 Historical issues
(occupation)
 Situation in Chechnya
 Readmission Agreement
Common Space of Cooperation in the
Field of External Security
Objectives
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Intensification of dialogue
Effective multilateralism
Confront new challenges- WMD, terrorism, regional
conficts
Cooperation in solving the problems
Stress on the role of UN, OSCE, Council of Europe
Common Space of Cooperation in the
Field of External Security
Points of Contradiction
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Question of Russian participation in EU decision
making
 Influence in neighbouring area- Transdniestria,
South Caucasus
 Presence of Russian „Peacekeeping troops“ in
Georgia and Moldova
Common Space of Research, Education
and Culture
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The least problematic part
 Supporting the research and mutual
understanding
 TACIS and INTAS Programmes
European Neighbourhood
Policy
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Adopted 2004
Programme of relations with „Wider Europe“
Not aimed at EU membership
Create instruments for partnership
Russia rejected to be included in this programme
– Need for special treatment
– Equality of partnership
Top issues
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Overall understanding of four spaces (separate or
one all)
 Near- Abroad concept- common neighbours
 Convergence in Foreign Policy
 Tariff protection
Challenges
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Vague nature of Spaces
Heterogenity vs. homogenity
Different understanding of sovereignity
Legal approximation- adoption of European law
Unsolved questions from the past
Question of common values
Russian- Belarus close partnership
Development in Russia
Questions
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Are the relations bilateral or multilateral?
 What are the aims?
 How to handle with the contradictions?
Thank you for your attention