TOPICS FOR EXAMINATION 2 - Biology 1406, REESE, et al 10e
KNOW AND UNDERSTAND ALL TOPICS AS A FUNCTION OF THE CONCEPT CHECK
HEADINGS IN YOUR TEXT!!(modified from exam topics sheets developed by Dr. D. Schwartz)
CHAPTER 5 (Remember only the Lipids and Nucleic Acids on this one)
What is a polymer? What is a monomer? What is dehydration synthesis? What is hydrolysis? WHAT IS
THE DEFINITION OF A BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE? WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS
OF CARBOHYDRATES? OF LIPIDS? OF PROTEINS? OF NUCLEIC ACIDS? Be able to
recognize and understand the properties of all monomers used to build biological macromolecules. What
is a fat? Know the general chemical structure of an amino acid. Which carbon in an amino acid is the
alpha carbon? What is an R group, and why is it important? What are peptide bonds, glycosidic bonds? Be
able to recognize these bonds when you see them. What are the four levels of structural organization in
proteins? What does each level mean? What could a change in protein structure at any of these levels lead
to, concerning protein activity? How do purines and pyrimidines base pair in DNA and RNA? What are
the names of the purines? What are the names of the pyrimidines? How does DNA replicate? Why are
complementary bases important? What type of lipid is most important in cell membranes?
CHAPTER 6
Know the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Know and understand all
components and organelles of plant and animal cells. Know the major differences between plant and
animal cells. Know the major differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts. Be able to trace the
movement of membrane as it travels through the eukaryotic cell.
CHAPTER 7
Know the macromolecules that are present in the plasma membrane and of which molecules it is
composed. What are the major functions of membrane proteins? Know the fluid mosaic model of the
plasma membrane thoroughly! Include ECM, cytoskeleton, and carbohydrate components. What is active
transport and and how does it occur? What is endocytosis, and what are some examples of it? What is
exocytosis? What is the most abundant lipid in the plasma membrane? How are plasma membranes in
animal cells anchored and given shape and structure? Which types of molecules move best through the
plasma membrane? Which types of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily? Which types of
molecules move the most poorly through the plasma membrane? Know the characteristics of the sodiumpotassium pump. What is the purpose of the glycoproteins which are found on the external surface of the
plasma membrane. WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF DIFFUSION? OF OSMOSIS? How is
facilitated diffusion different from diffusion? KNOW AND UNDERSTAND WHAT IS MEANT BY
TONICITY, HYPERTONIC, HYPOTONIC, ISOTONIC, TURGID, FLACCID, PLASMOLYSIS,
PLASMOLYZED, CRENATION, CRENATED, HEMOLYSIS, HEMOLYZED. KNOW AND
UNDERSTAND THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH EACH OF THESE WOULD OCCUR IN
PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS. You may also have questions concerning the movement of solutes and
solvent across a selectively (differentially) permeable membrane.