Chap 4 Review Questions
Why do the heads of the phospholipids point out and the tails point to each other?
a. The tails are nonpolar and form hydrogen bonds with each other.
b. The tails are repelled by the aqueous environment.
c. The heads are attracted to the water inside and outside.
d. a and c.
e. b and c.
Within the fluid mosaic of a plasma membrane, what is the role of transport and channel
proteins?
a. They prevent passage of amino acids.
b. They allow movement of salts and sugars through the plasma membrane.
c. They may set off cellular changes such as cell division or hormone secretion.
d. They are cell-surface attachment sites.
e. They identify the cell.
How are plasma membranes best described?
a. A double layer of phospholipid molecules with hydrophobic tails directed toward
cytoplasm of the cell.
b. A single layer of phospholipid molecules with water molecules attached along one
side.
c. A double layer of phospholipid molecules with hydrophilic heads directed toward each
other.
d. A double layer of phospholipid molecules with hydrophobic tails oriented toward each
other.
e. A single layer of phospholipids with tails pointed to the inside of the cell.
The hydrophobic tails of a phospholipid bilayer are oriented toward the:
a. Interior of the plasma membrane (i.e. each other)
b. Extracellular fluid surrounding the cell
c. Cytoplasm of the cell
d. Nucleus of the cell
e. Both b and c
Which of the following accounts for the fluid aspect of the fluid mosaic model of plasma
membranes?
a. The individual phospholipid molecules are not bonded to each other so movement of
certain proteins and lipids is possible within the bilayer.
b. The plasma membrane is "fluid" because of movement of substances across the
membrane.
c. The bilayer permits diffusion of certain lipid-soluble substances.
d. The membrane is water soluble.
e. One of the components of the membrane is water.
To say a cell is "differentially permeable" means:
a. It has different sized perforations in the membrane.
b. It is permeable to different substances than other cells.
c. Only certain molecules can pass through.
d. Sometimes water passes through, and sometimes it can't.
e. Permeability depends on gradient differences.
According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true
statement about membrane phospolipids?
a. They move laterally along the plane of the membrane.
b. They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other.
c. They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the
surface of the membrane.
d. They are free to depart from the membrane and are dissolved in the surrounding
solution.
e. They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane.
Recognition proteins are most important for
a. facilitated diffusion of molecules.
b. active transport of molecules.
c. maintaining membrane integrity.
d. maintaining membrane fluidity.
e. distinguishing foreign cells from "self" cells.
The net movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration is
described by which of the following?
a. diffusion
b. active transport
c. osmosis
d. facilitated diffusion
e. exocytosis
The phospolipid contains two different parts, a _________ head and a pair of __________
tails.
The major lipids in biological membranes are called _____________________.
How does the plasma membrane act as gatekeeper for the cell?
The compounds in biological membranes that form a barrier to the movement of materials
across the membrane are
a. internal proteins.
b. carbohydrates.
c. lipids.
d. nucleic acids.
e. external proteins
The biological membranes, the phospholipids are arranged in
a. a bilayer with the fatty acids pointing toward each other.
b. a bilayer with the fatty acids facing outward.
c. a single layer with the fatty acids facing the interior of the cell.
d. a single layer with the phosphorus-containing region facing the interior of the cell.
e. a bilayer with the phosphorus groups in the interior of the membrane.
When a mouse cell and a human cell are fused, the membrane proteins of the two cells
become uniformly distributed over the surface of the hybrid cell. This occurs because
a. many proteins can move around within the bilayer.
b. all proteins are anchored within the membrane.
c. proteins are asymmetrically distributed within the membrane.
d. all proteins in the plasma membrane are extrinsic.
e. different membranes contain different proteins.
The hydrophilic regions of a membrane protein are most likely to be found
a. only in muscle cell membranes.
b. associated with the fatty acid region of the lipids.
c. in the interior of the membrane.
d. exposed on the surface of the membrane.
e. either on the surface or inserted into the interior of the membrane.
In general, which of the following is largely responsible for moving substances across the
plasma membrane, communicating with other cells and identifying the cell?
a. Phospholipids
b. Carbohydrates
c. Proteins
d. Nuclei acids
e. Cytoskeleton
When substances move through a plasma membrane and down gradients of concentration
this is called:
a. Active transport
b. Passive transport
c. Pinocytosis
d. Exocytosis
e. Entropy
.
What happens when diffusion moves molecules across the plasma membrane?
a. The cell gains needed materials and gets rid of excess materials very quickly.
b. Most molecules are capable of crossing the phospholipid bilayer at any location and at
basically the same rate.
c. Energy input is required to transport molecules.
d. The rate of diffusion cannot be influenced by the cell.
e. The process is very slow and is driven by concentration gradients.
For diffusion to occur, there must be:
a. a membrane
b. a gradient
c. water
d. ATP
e. all of these
Which of the following may influence the rate of simple diffusion across a differentially
permeable membrane?
a. Size of molecule
b. Lipid solubility of the molecule
c. Concentration gradient
d. a and c are correct
e. All are correct
Facilitated diffusion is most like:
a. Coasting across a bridge on your bike.
b. Being carried across a stream.
c. Walking across a room.
d. Riding a ski lift.
e. Swimming.
Molecules which permeate a plasma membrane by facilitated diffusion:
a. Require an expenditure of energy
b. Require the aid of transport proteins
c. Move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
d. Do so much more quickly than those crossing by simple diffusion
e. All of these
A molecule that can diffuse freely through a phospholipid bilayer is probably:
a. Hydrophilic
b. Positively charged
c. Hydrophobic
d. Negatively charged
e. A sugar
In reference to diffusion, "passive" really means:
a. without a membrane
b. in the air
c. no gradient
d. very slowly
e. no energy required
Molecules assisted by carrier proteins may cross a differentially permeable membrane by:
a. Facilitated diffusion
b. Active transport
c. Osmosis
d. Endocytosis
e. Simple diffusion
The diffusion of water molecules across a differentially permeable membrane is termed:
a. Facilitated diffusion
b. Hydrolysis
c. Active transport
d. Exocytosis
e. Osmosis
A certain cell, such as a neuron, has a high concentration of K+ ions. How can K+ ions
continue to enter the cell?
a. Active transport
b. Facilitated diffusion
c. Osmosis
d. Endocytosis
e. Infusion
If red blood cells are taken from the body and placed in a hypertonic solution, what
happens to the cells?
a. The cells swell and burst because water moves into the cells.
b. The cells shrivel up because water leaves the cells.
c. The cells remain unchanged due to equal solute concentration inside and outside the
cells.
d. The cells remain unchanged due to equal water concentrations inside and outside the
cells.
e. They become white blood cells.
Inside a "cell" you construct, you place a 1 M salt solution. You place the cell in a 1 M
sugar solution. What happens?
a. Water enters the cell because there is more water outside than inside.
b. Water leaves the cell because sugar is a larger molecule than salt.
c. Water leaves and enters at the same rate.
d. Sugar diffuses in and salt diffuses out until equilibrium is reached.
e. c and d.
Active transport requires:
a. Transport proteins
b. ATP
c. A membrane
d. A gradient
e. All of these
What is active transport?
a. Diffusion of molecules within a cell.
b. Movement of molecules into or out of a cell against a concentration gradient.
c. Movement of molecules into or out of a cell down a concentration gradient.
d. The movement of molecules into or out of a cell using special proteins and not
requiring an expenditure of energy.
e. Rapid movement of molecules in a solution.
A freshwater protozoan, such as Paramecium, tends to _______ because it lives in a
_______ environment.
a. gain water; hypotonic
b. lose water; hypertonic
c. gain water; hypertonic
d. lose water; hypotonic
e. gain water; isotonic
Osmosis depends on:
a. Random movement of water molecules until equilibrium is reached.
b. Random movement of solute molecules until equilibrium is reached.
c. Differences in water concentration between solutions.
d. The amount of water inside and outside the cell.
e. All of these.
Solutions that cause water to enter cells by osmosis are termed:
a. Hypertonic
b. Isotonic
c. Hypotonic
d. Permeable
e. Hydrophilic
The blood plasma of a human becomes _______ to their red blood cells if they drinks
saltwater.
a. hyposmotic
b. isotonic
c. hypotonic
d. hypertonic
e. hydroponic
The process whereby white blood cells engulf bacteria is termed:
a. Adhesion
b. Exocytosis
c. Pinocytosis
d. Phagocytosis
e. Ingestion
40.
What prevents your immune system from attacking your own cells?
a. inadequate enzymes
b. fever
c. cholesterol
d. recognition proteins
e. receptor proteins
Transport processes (for example, diffusion and active transport) occur across which
membranes?
a. Plasma membranes
b. Chloroplast membranes
c. Mitochondrial membranes
d. ER membranes
e. All of these
The slowest rate of diffusion of dye particles in water will occur in which situation?
a. Dye particles in water at 10 degrees C
b. Dye particles in water at 20 degrees C
c. Dye particles in water at 30 degrees C
d. Dye particles in water at 40 degrees C
e. Dye particles in water at 80 degrees C
You fill a shallow tray with water and place a drop of red ink in one end of the tray and a
drop of green ink in the other end. Which of the following is true at equilibrium?
a. The red ink is uniformly distributed in one half of the tray and the green ink is uniformly
distributed in the other half of the tray.
b. The red and green inks are both uniformly distributed throughout the tray.
c. Each ink is moving down its concentration gradient.
d. The concentration of each ink is higher at one end of the tray than at the other end.
e. No predictions can be made without knowing the size of the ink molecules.
Carbon dioxide crosses the plasma membrane by simple diffusion. What determines the
rate at which carbon dioxide enters the cell?
a. The concentration of carbon dioxide on each side of the membrane.
b. The amount of energy being produced by the cell.
c. The amount of transport protein in the membrane.
d. The concentration of carbon dioxide outside of the cell.
e. The amount of oxygen being exported from the cell.
Plant cells transport sucrose across the vacuole membrane against its concentration
gradient by a process known as
a. simple diffusion.
b. active transport.
c. passive transport.
d. facilitated diffusion.
e. osmosis.
When a red blood cell is placed in an isotonic solution, which of the following will occur?
a. The cell will shrivel.
b. The cell will swell and burst.
c. The cell will shrivel, and then return to normal.
d. The cell will swell and then return to normal.
e. Nothing.
The rate of facilitated diffusion of a molecule across a membrane does not continue to
increase as the concentration difference of the molecule across the membrane increases
because
a. facilitated diffusion requires ATP energy.
b. as the concentration difference increases, molecules interfere with one another.
c. there are a limited number of carrier proteins in the membrane.
d. increased concentration difference causes a situation far from equilibrium.
e. the diffusion constant depends on the concentration difference.
Osmosis moves water from a region of
a. high concentration of dissolved material to a region of low concentration.
b. low concentration of dissolved material to a region of high concentration.
c. hypertonic solution to a region of hypotonic solution.
d. negative osmotic potential to a region of positive osmotic potential.
e. low concentration of water to a region of high concentration of water.
A concentration gradient of glucose across a membrane means
a. there are more moles of glucose on one side of the membrane than the other.
b. glucose molecules are more crowded on one side of the membrane than the other.
c. there is less water on one side of the membrane than the other.
d. the glucose molecules are chemically more tightly bonded together on one side than
the other.
e. there are more glucose molecules within the membrane than outside of the membrane.
Why is the biological membrane referred to as being differentially permeable?
Compare and contrast the terms diffusion and osmosis.
Why does the cell perform endocytosis in addition to active and passive transport
mechanisms?
Suppose a bag made of a differentially permeable membrane was filled with a 5% solution
of glucose and sealed. What would happen if the bag was placed in 1) pure water or 2)
10% glucose solution?
Distinguish between the three types of endocytosis?
Which types of molecules move most easily through the plasma membrane and which
types of molecules cannot pass easily through the membrane?
Glucose is a six-carbon sugar that diffuses slowly through artificial phospholipid bilayers.
The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from
the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information, which
transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the intestinal cells?
a. Simple diffusion
b. Exocytosis
c. Active Transport
d. Facilitated diffusion
e. Endergonic reactions
Two similar-sized animal cells are placed in a 0.5% sucrose solution. Cell A enlarges in
size for a while, then stops; cell B continues to enlarge and finally ruptures. Which of the
following was true at the beginning of the experiment?
a. Cell A was hypotonic to the solution and cell B was hypertonic.
b. Cell A was hypertonic to the solution and cell B was hypotonic.
c. Cell A was hypertonic to cell B.
d. Cell B was hypertonic to cell A.
e. Cells A and B were isotonic to each other.
Which process accounts for the movement of solids into some animal cells?
a. Active transport
b. Facilitated diffusion
c. Diffusion
d. Osmosis
e. Phagocytosis
What does a cell use exocytosis for?
a. To move away from danger.
b. To release substances from the cell.
c. To incorporate nutrients.
d. To pump hydrogen molecules across the membrane.
e. To create new cells.
The movement of molecules across a cell membrane in which no energy is required (i.e.
diffusion) is called __________ transport and the movement of molecules across the
membrane in which energy (i.e. ATP) is required is called __________ transport.
Facilitated diffusion and active transport both require ____________________ for the
movement of molecules across the membrane.
Plant cell walls are primarily composed of ___________________.
Which statement is true of cell walls?
a. Cell walls are nonliving.
b. Cell walls are secreted by the cells they surround.
c. Bacteria, fungi, and some protists possess cell walls.
d. a and c are correct.
e. All of these are true.
Specialized cell junctions include
a. gap junctions.
b. tight junctions.
c. desmosomes.
d. a, b, and c.
e. a and b.
The electric signal for a muscle to contract passes rapidly from one muscle cell to the next
by way of
a. tight junctions.
b. desmosomes.
c. gap junctions.
d. internal proteins.
e. external proteins
What is a major component of primary cell walls of plants?
a. Chitin
b. Cellulose
c. Pectin
d. Lignin
e. Protein
Adhesion of animal tissues is accomplished by cell-to-cell junctions called:
a. Desmosomes
b. Tight junctions
c. Gap junctions
d. Plasmodesmata
e. Cell plates
The urinary bladder is protected from leaking due to cell-to-cell junctions called:
a. Desmosomes
b. Tight junctions
c. Gap junctions
d. Plasmodesmata
e. Stretch receptors
Protein channels that provide passage for hormones and nutrients between animal cells
are termed:
a. Desmosomes
b. Tight junctions
c. Gap junctions
d. Plasmodesmata
e. Capillaries
When very small viruses infect a plant cell by crossing its membrane, the viruses often
spread rapidly throughout the entire plant without crossing additional membranes. Explain
how this occurs?
Compare and contrast the intercellular junctions that allow communication between plant
and animal cells.
In plant cells, __________ allow for communication between cells and in animal cells the
__________ serve the same purpose.
The cells of the intestinal epithelium (lining) are joined to one another by
________________ that prevent substances from passing between the cells of this tissue.
_________________ is used by cells to pick up large particles like bacteria.
___________________ hold cells together much like glue.
All cells possess all the following components except:
a. Cytoplasm
b. Genetic material
c. Nuclear membrane
d. Plasma cell membrane
e. Ribosomes
Based on your understanding of the composition of a cell membrane, what would it
probably feel like to the touch?
a. Tough, like skin
b. Thin and hard, like a nutshell
c. Stretchy and soft, like a balloon
d. Pliable and soft, like jelly
e. Wet and without substance, like water
The cell is the basic unit of function and reproduction because
a. subcellular components cannot regenerate whole cells.
b. cells are totipotent.
c. single cells can sometimes produce an entire organism.
d. cells can only come from preexisting cells.
e. a cell can arise by the fusion of two cells.
What components do all cells possess?
Discuss the three main components of modern cell theory that evolved from Rudolf
Virchow's ideas from the 1850's.
Describe the main functions of the plasma membrane.
Why are cells generally small in size?
Cells having a nucleus are referred to as ___________________ cells and those lacking a
true nucleus are called _________________ cells.
Most of the cell's metabolic activities occur in the cell __________________.
What is the meaning of the term "prokaryotic"?
a. "False nucleus"
b. "Before the nucleus"
c. "True nucleus"
d. "Small nucleus"
e. "Before the cell"
Which does NOT agree with part of the cell theory?
a. Insects are composed of cells.
b. Paramecia come from Paramecia.
c. Bacteria are the smallest possible organisms.
d. Minerals are important for good health.
e. Spontaneous generation can not occur.
The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is contained in the _____________ region of the cytoplasm.
The __________________ may help some pathogenic bacteria evade their host's immune
system and attach to host cells.
What is not characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
a. A plasma membrane
b. A nuclear membrane
c. Ribosomes
d. Enzymes
e. DNA
What is not characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
a. A plasma membrane
b. A nuclear membrane
c. Ribosomes
d. Enzymes
e. DNA
Prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic cells possess:
a. Mitochondria
b. Chloroplasts
c. A cytoskeleton
d. Ribosomes
e. A nucleus
Which is a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
a. Prokaryotes have RNA, eukaryotes have DNA
b. Prokaryotes have DNA, eukaryotes have RNA
c. Prokaryotes have a nucleus, eukaryotes have a nucleoid
d. Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, eukaryotes have a nucleus
e. Prokaryotes have a cell wall, eukaryotes do not
The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains:
a. Water
b. Dissolved nutrients
c. Organelles
d. Enzymes
e. All of these
The utilization of "food" in the mitochondria, with the associated formation of ATP, is
termed
a. cellular respiration.
b. metabolic rate.
c. diffusion.
d. metabolic processing of fuels.
e. catabolism.
If you removed the pili from a bacterial cell, which of the following would you expect to
happen?
a. The bacterium could no longer swim.
b. The bacterium could no longer adhere to other cells.
c. The bacterium could no longer regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the
cell.
d. The bacterium would dry out.
e. The shape of the bacterium would change.
Of the objects listed, which is the smallest that you can see with the unaided eye?
a. DNA molecule
b. Human egg
c. Virus
d. Ribosomes
e. Human skin cell
What is the difference between "free" and "attached" ribosomes?
a. Free ribosomes are in the cytoplasm while attached ribosomes are anchored to the
endoplasmic reticulum.
b. Free ribosomes produce proteins that remain in the cytosol while attached ribosomes
produce proteins that may be exported from the cell.
c. Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell while attached
ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts.
d. a and c.
e. a and b.
If all the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what would be the most likely result?
a. The macromolecules in the cell cytosol would begin to degrade.
b. The number of proteins in the cytosol would begin to increase.
c. The DNA within the mitochondria would begin to degrade.
d. The mitochondria and chloroplasts would begin to divide.
e. There would be no change in the normal function of the cell.
What is the function of a plant cell vacuole?
a. Storage of wastes
b. Support of the cell
c. Excretion of wastes
d. a and b
e. b and c
A nucleolus is:
a. An extra nucleus in the cell
b. A dark area in the nucleus where ribosomes are made
c. An area where the nucleus is synthesized
d. A membrane-bound organelle
e. The area in a prokaryote where DNA is concentrated
The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are characterized by:
a. A single-layered membrane
b. One or more nucleoids
c. One or more nucleoli
d. A non-porous membrane
e. All of these
If you identified a cell with large amounts of rough ER, which would not be a logical
conclusion about that cell?
a. Large quantities of enzymes for biochemical processes are manufactured by that cell.
b. Quantities of nuclear membrane are produced by that cell.
c. Proteins for export are manufactured by that cell.
d. Membrane lipids are produced by that cell.
e. Large amounts of proteinaceous hormone are exported by the cell.
Cells that primarily produce steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, for
export have large quantities of:
a. Cytoplasmic ribosomes
b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c. Plasma membranes
d. Hydrolytic enzymes
e. DNA
Ribosomes are the site of synthesis of:
a. DNA
b. RNA
c. Proteins
d. Nucleoli
e. Glucose
An organelle capable of synthesis of nuclear membrane is the:
a. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
b. Nucleus itself
c. Golgi complex
d. Mitochondrion
e. Chloroplast
Which of the following is associated with rough ER?
a. Chlorophyll
b. Ribosomes
c. Lipid synthesis
d. Plasma membrane
e. DNA
Endoplasmic reticulum is the site of synthesis of:
a. Lipids
b. Testosterone
c. More ER
d. Choices a and b are correct
e. Choices a, b, and c are correct
The golgi packages materials into _________ for transport or export.
a. organelles
b. plastids
c. vesicles
d. microns
e. nucleoli
Which cellular component packages hydrolytic enzymes and forms lysosomes?
a. Golgi complex
b. Smooth ER
c. Mitochondrion
d. Cytoskeleton
e. Rough ER
The ________________ extracts energy from food molecules, while the ______________
captures solar energy.
The ________________ has the ability to digest organelles once they become defective or
malfunctioning.
Of the following cell components which is composed primarily of protein?
a. Plasma membrane
b. Cytoskeleton
c. DNA
d. Cytosol
e. Mitochondria
Which of the following is/are evidence that mitochondria were once free-living organisms?
a. They produce ATP
b. They contain their own DNA
c. They are found in all eukaryotic cells
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
In comparison of similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts, which of the following
is not a similarity?
a. Both are capable to ATP synthesis.
b. Both capture the energy of sunlight to meet metabolic demands.
c. Both possess their own DNA.
d. Both are surrounded by a double membrane.
e. Both may have originally been independent organisms.
Which of the following does not possess a double membrane?
a. Mitochondrion
b. Nuclear envelope
c. Ribosome
d. Plastid
e. Chloroplast
Which pair of organelles is responsible for energy supply to eukaryotic cells?
a. Ribosomes and mitochondria
b. Chloroplasts and ribosomes
c. Golgi bodies and ribosomes
d. Mitochondria and lysosomes
e. Chloroplasts and mitochondria
Aerobic metabolism occurs in the:
a. Ribosome
b. Chloroplast
c. Mitochondrion
d. Cytosol
e. Nucleus
In metabolically active cells, you would expect to find a large number of:
a. Golgi bodies
b. Chloroplasts
c. Vesicles
d. Microtubules
e. Mitochondria
Which organelle does one expect to be most abundant in human skeletal muscle cells?
a. Mitochondria
b. Lysosomes
c. Golgi complexes
d. Smooth ER
e. Plastids
How does a cell rid itself of defective or malfunctioning organelles?
a. They are engulfed by plastids and stored until export from cell is possible.
b. Defective parts accumulate until the cell itself dies.
c. Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them.
d. Ribosomes play a significant role in the removal of malfunctioning parts by absorbing
the parts.
e. They are exported by exocytosis.
Which statement most accurately describes the interaction between ER, ribosomes and
Golgi bodies in the export of protein from the cell?
a. Golgi bodies manufacture proteins which travel through the ER to be packaged by the
ribosomes for export.
b. ER manufactures proteins which are carried by ribosomes to the Golgi bodies for
export.
c. ER manufactures proteins which are carried by Golgi bodies to the ribosomes for
export.
d. Ribosomes manufacture proteins which travel through the ER to be packaged by the
Golgi bodies for export.
e. Ribosomes make proteins that travel through the Golgi bodies to the ER which exports
them.
What "buds off" of the Golgi complex?
a. Nuclei
b. Cytoskeleton
c. Ribosomes
d. New cells
e. Vesicles
An organelle associated with carbohydrate synthesis is the:
a. Golgi complex
b. Ribosome
c. Centriole
d. Nucleolus
e. Nucleus
Which organelle extracts energy from food molecules and stores it in the high-energy
bonds of ATP?
a. Mitochondrion
b. Chloroplast
c. Ribosome
d. Centriole
e. ER
A cell adapted for waste storage and disposal would probably contain a large number of:
a. Mitochondria
b. Vacuoles
c. ER
d. Nuclei
e. Ribosomes
The cytoskeleton is to the cell what...
a. bones are to humans
b. a frame is to a house
c. a desk is to an office
d. a and b
e. all of these
What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls?
a. Nucleus
b. Cytosol
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Cytoskeleton
e. Ribosomes
All the following are important functions of the cytoskeleton except:
a. Storage of food molecules
b. Support of organelles
c. Movement of organelles
d. Maintenance of shape
e. Maintenance of organization in the cell
Fibers of the cytoskeleton are composed primarily of:
a. Nucleic acids
b. Polysaccharides
c. Lipids
d. ER
e. Proteins
Where in the unicellular organism Euglena would you expect to find the greatest
concentration of mitochondria?
a. Site of lysosome production
b. Near the nuclear membrane
c. Area surrounding basal bodies
d. Within the chloroplasts
e. Near the ribosomes
Which of the following molecules would be found in an animal cell, but not in a bacterial
cell?
a. DNA
b. Cell Wall
c. Plasma Membrane
d. Ribosomes
e. Endoplasmic Recticulum
A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma
membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from:
a. a bacterium
b. an animal, but not a plant
c. a plant, but not a animal
d. a plant or animal
e. any kind of organism
Which of the following is capable of converting light energy to chemical energy?
a. Chloroplasts
b. Mitochondria
c. Amyloplasts
d. Vacuoles
e. Golgi bodies
A biologist ground up some plant cells and then centrifuged the mixture. She obtained
some organelles from the pellet in the test tube that took up CO 2 and gave off O2. The
organelles are most likely
a. Nuclei
b. Ribosomes
c. Chloroplasts
d. Mitochondria
e. Golgi bodies
Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions
is NOT correct?
a. cell wallsupport and protection
b. chloroplastschief site of cellular respiration
c. nucleussite of genetic control of information
d. ribosomessite of protein synthesis
e. mitochondriaformation of ATP for the cell
Which of the following is NOT a known function of the cytoskeleton?
a. to maintain a critical limit on cell size
b. to provide mechanical support to the cell
c. to maintain a characteristic shape of the cell
d. to hold mitochondria and other organelles in place
e. to assist in cell motility
MatchingSelect the organelle that is the most appropriate batch for the numbered statement.
Letters may be used once, more than once or not at all.
a. Mitochondria
b. Golgi bodies
c. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes
e. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Digests damaged organelles.
Sorts our mixtures of protein and sends them to their proper destination.
Site of protein synthesis.
Site of cellular respiration.
Makes steroid hormones.
Responsible for most of a muscle cell's ATP generation.
A cell that contains large numbers of ribosomes, would produce a large number of
__________ molecules.
The _______________ is an organelle, which serves as a sort of "postal depot" where
some of the proteins synthesized on ribosomes and rough ER are processed.
RNA carries information for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes
in the cytoplasm. To get from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, RNA must pass through
_______________.
In plant cells, glucose is produced by photosynthesis in the __________ (organelle) and
converted to usable energy in the form of ATP in the __________ (organelle).
Although both extensions from the cytoplasm serve to move the cell or move fluid past the
cell, the __________ are often short and numerous, while the _________ are longer and
few in number.
Describe the difference between the nucleolus, nucleus and nucleoid regions in cells?
When a cell grows in size it must produce more plasma membrane material. How does the
cell do this?
How is the vacuole involved in plant growth?
A shrinking machine has been invented that will allow you, as a cell biologist, to actually
explore the inside of an animal and a plant cells. On your journey, describe some of the
structures that you observe and discuss their use in the cell. What are the similarities and
differences you observe in the two different cell types.
Why is the cytoskeleton such an important structural component of cells?