Chap 3 Review Questions
Which of the following best explains the molecular complexity of living
organisms?
a. The large number of different monomers allows the
construction of many polymers.
b. Each organism has its own unique set of monomers
for use in constructing polymers.
c. Condensation reactions can create different polymers
because they can use virtually any molecules in the
cell.
d. While there are not many macromolecules in cells,
each one has many different functions.
e. A small number of monomers can be assembled into
large polymers with many different sequences.
Carbon provides a versatile backbone for
macromolecules. With an atomic number of 6, carbon can
form up to __________ different __________ bonds.
_______________ molecules are synthesized by living
organisms.
_________________ determine the characteristics and
chemical reactivity of organic molecules.
Polymers are long chains of ________________ subunits.
Large biological molecules are synthesized by removing...
a. carbon
b. covalent bonds
c. water
d. oxygen
e. peptides
What type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of
organic polymers into their respective subunits?
a. Condensation
b. Oxidation
c. Hydrolysis
d. Ionization
e. Reduction
Which of the following reactions requires the removal of
water to form a covalent bond?
a. glycogen  glucose subunits
b. dipeptide  alanine + glycine
c. cellulose  glucose
d. glucose + galactose  lactose
e. fat  fatty acids + glycerol
What do carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins have in
common?
a. Monomers of these organic molecules form polymers
by way of condensation reactions.
b. Covalent bonding holds these molecules together.
c. Each of these organic molecules has a carbon
backbone with various functional groups attached.
d. All are important components of an animal's diet.
e. All of the above.
Which of the following correctly matches an organic
polymer with its respective monomers?
a. Protein and amino acids
b. Carbohydrates and polysaccharides
c. Hydrocarbon and monosaccharides
d. Lipid and steroids
e. DNA and ATP
Which of the following best summarizes the relationship
between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?
a. Dehydration reactions assemble polymers and
hydrolysis breaks them down.
b. Hydrolysis occurs during the day and dehydration
happen at night.
c. Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis.
d. Hydrolysis creates monomers and dehydration
reactions destroy them.
e. Dehydration reactions occur only in animals and
hydrolysis reactions occur only in plants.
In condensation reactions, the atoms that make up a
water molecule are derived from
a. oxygen.
b. only one of the reactants.
c. both of the reactants.
d. carbohydrates.
e. enzymes.
Many macromolecules are formed by the connection of
monomer units in a __________ reaction (removal of
water); the reverse process occurs via a __________
reaction (addition of water).
The highly branched polysaccharide that stores glucose in
the muscle and liver of animals is
_____________________.
Starch is to glycogen what _________ is to
____________.
a. oil; fat
b. glucose; chitin
c. adenine; DNA
d. carbon; protein
e. hydrolysis; condensation
The fiber in your diet is really...
a. protein
b. ATP
c. starch
d. cartilage
e. cellulose
Chitin is an example of a ________.
a. polymer
b. polysaccharaide
c. carbohydrate
d. a and b
e. all of these
Where is glycogen stored in vertebrate animals?
a. Liver and muscles
b. Brain and kidneys
c. Heart and bones
d. Pancreas and blood
e. Liver and heart
An example of a structural polysaccharide is:
a. Table sugar
b. Chitin
c. Starch
d. Glucose
e. Glycogen
.
Which of the following provides long-term energy storage
for plants?
a. Glucose
b. Glycogen
c. Starch
d. Cellulose
e. ATP
What are the four major types of macromolecules?
Why do cows have the ability to breakdown cellulose into
glucose and humans can not digest cellulose?
What are the two main functions of carbohydrates in a
living system? Give an example of each.
Which type of lipid is most important in biological membranes?
a. fats
b. steroids
c. phospholipids
d. oils
e. triglycerides
MatchingSelect the macromolecule that best matches the
statement. Letters may be used once, more than once or not at
all.
a. Proteins
b. Carbohydrates
c. Lipids
d. Nucleic Acids
May serve as both energy source and as structural
support for cells.
.
These macromolecules possess large nonpolar regions
making them insoluble in water.
This macromolecule is composed of amino acid subunits.
This macromolecule is composed of monomer units
containing a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogencontaining base.
A member of this macromolecule group is crucial to the
structure and function of the cell membrane.
May possess primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
structure.
This macromolecule contains coded genetic information.
Composed of monosaccharide monomer units.
Which of the following is insoluble in water?
a. Olive oil
b. DNA
c. Sucrose
d. Salt
e. Amino acids
Cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen and ecdysone are all
examples of:
a. Fatty acids
b. Proteins
c. Steroids
d. Hormones
e. Waxes
How does one account for the nonpolar, hydrophobic
nature of fats?
a. Fats lack both double and triple bonds.
b. The fatty acids are linked to large long-chained
alcohols.
c. Carboxyl groups (-COOH) are not present in fats.
d. Carbon and hydrogen atoms share electrons equally.
e. Glycerol is not water soluble.
When one gram of each of the following is oxidized, which
yields the greatest amount of energy?
a. Sucrose
b. Glucose
c. Glycerol
d. Hemoglobin
e. Fat
Of what are fats composed?
a. Three glycerols and their fatty acids
b. Three fatty acids and one glycerol
c. One glycogen and two phospholipids
d. Two fatty acids and one carboxyl acid
e. Three oils and one glycerol
Phospholipids are unusual and important to cell structure
because...
a. they are part of DNA.
b. they contain fatty acids.
c. they have a polar and a nonpolar end.
d. they are found only in animals.
e. they are an important energy carrier molecule.
Fatty acids with more than one carbon-carbon double bond are called
________________.
.
Phospholipids have hydrophilic ____________ regions
and hydrophobic __________ regions.
Describe the differences between saturated and
unsaturated fatty acids. Which is most likely to be solid at
room temperature? Why?
Two classes of organic compounds typically provide
energy for living systems. Representatives of these two
classes are
a. fats and amino acids.
b. amino acids and glycogen.
c. amino acids and ribose sugars.
d. fats and polysaccharides.
e. nucleic acids and phospholipids.
You have isolated a liquid from a sample of beans. You
add the liquid to a beaker of water and shake vigorously.
After a few minutes, the water and the other liquid
separate into two layers. To which class of biological
macromolecules does the unknown liquid most likely
belong?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Proteins
d. Enzymes
e. Nucleic Acids
In a biological membrane, the phospholipids are arranged
with the fatty acid chains facing the interior of the
membrane. As a result, the interior of the membrane is
a. hydrophobic.
b. hydrophilic.
c. charged.
d. polar.
e. filled with water.
The group of biological molecules most diverse in function
is:
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. proteins
d. nucleic acids
e. organelles
Organisms contain thousands of different proteins
composed of _______ amino acids.
a. 4
b. 20
c. 100
d. 1000
e. approx. 5000
What determines the specific function of a protein?
a. Exact sequence of amino acids
b. Number of disulfide bonds
c. A hydrophilic "head" attached to a hydrophobic "tail"
d. Fatty acids as monomers
e. The number of peptide bonds it contains
Specifically, a peptide bond forms between which groups?
a. Amino and aldehyde groups
b. Carboxyl and amino groups
c. Hydroxyl and carboxyl groups
d. Phosphate and hydroxyl groups
e. Carboxyl and aldehyde groups
What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?
a. Peptide bonds
b. Disulfide bonds
c. Hydrogen bonds
d. Ionic bonds
e. All of these
The linear arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide
chain is referred to as the __________________ structure
of the protein.
In the final three-dimensional structure of a protein,
_______________ amino acids are more likely to be
found in the interior of the molecule.
Complex three-dimensional tertiary structures of globular
proteins are characterized by:
a. An absence of hydrophilic amino acids
b. A helical shape
c. A lack of cysteines in amino acid sequence
d. Disulfide bridges
e. Interactions among peptide chains
Hemoglobin represents which level of protein
organization?
a. Primary structure
b. Secondary structure
c. Tertiary structure
d. Quaternary structure
e. None of these; hemoglobin is a polysaccharide
Which of these is an example of a protein?
a. Hemoglobin
b. Cellulose
c. Estrogen
d. ATP
e. All of these
Which type of molecule would be most abundant in a
typical cell?
a. hydrocarbon
b. protein
c. water
d. lipid
e. carbohydrate
Sequence information in DNA determines which of
the following conformational components of proteins?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. a, b, and c
e. None of the above
What type of amino acid side chain would you expect to
find on the surface of a protein embedded in a cell
membrane?
a. Cysteine
b. Hydrophobic
c. Hydrophilic
d. Charged
e. Polar, but not charged
The "backbone" of a nucleic acid molecule is made of
a. nitrogenous bases.
b. alternating sugar and phosphate groups.
c. purines.
d. pyrimidines.
e. nucleosides.
DNA carries genetic information in its
a. helical form.
b. sequence of bases.
c. tertiary structure.
d. phosphate groups.
e. sugar groups.
Where do covalent bonds form between two deoxyribose
nucleotides?
a. Between a phosphate group and adenine
b. Between deoxyribose and a phosphate group
c. Between adenine and thymine
d. Between the phosphate groups of both
e. Between deoxyribose and a base
Adenosine triphosphate is an example of a(n)
a. carbohydrate
b. protein
c. lipid
d. nucleic acid
e. inorganic molecule
A nucleotide is
a. Phospholipid, sugar, base
b. Phosphate, protein, base
c. Phosphate, sugar, base
d. Phospholipid, sugar, protein
e. None of these
Which of these is NOT a nucleic acid?
a. RNA
b. DNA
c. ATP
d. All of these ARE nucleic acids.
RNA differs from DNA in that it contains the sugar ribose
and uses the nitrogen containing base
________________.