Moon phases
Eclipses
(Section 2.3 in textbook)
Do you own/share/rent a copy
of the textbook?
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Goals & Outcomes
• Appreciating science in general, and astronomy in
specific.
• Developing a working knowledge of the scientific
method and how to apply it to real world situations.
• Critically analyzing and evaluating information,
scientific or otherwise
• Diagram the positions of the Sun, the Earth, and the
Moon during solar and lunar eclipses.
• Predict the phase of the Moon that would be seen in
the sky, given the positions of the Earth, the Sun, the
Moon, and the observer.
Learning Objectives
• What are the names of the Moon’s phases?
– Match names with pictures
• What causes these phases?
• FOCUS OF THIS LESSON:
– Telling time & direction from the appearance of
the Moon.
• What causes eclipses? What does the Moon
(and Earth) look like during eclipses?
• Are there phases on other worlds?
Moon’s orbit
•
•
•
•
•
•
SWAPPED ORDER:
Earth’s size =
Moon’s size =
Which object casts a bigger shadow?
Moon’s orbit distance =
Inclination (tilt) of the orbit =
–
•
Important for reasons we’ll discuss later.
From California Science Standards, grade 3
–
Students know the way in which the Moon's
appearance changes during the four-week
lunar cycle.
Phases & names – see page 43
1. New
2. Waxing Crescent
3. First quarter
Waxing phases =
Getting more full
4. Waxing Gibbous
5. Full
6. Waning Gibbous
7. Third quarter
8. Waning crescent
Waning phases =
Getting less full
Moon movie
Shout “now!” when ___________ shows up.
Sun stuff – THIS SLIDE APPEARS EARLIER
THAN IN YOUR NOTES. Was on PAGE 8.
• Review Sun directions at various times.
– Sunrise: time = _________, direction _____
– Sunset: time = __________, direction _____
– Middle of day: time = ________, Sun direction __
– _______________________________________
Moon phase today
• Which direction is the Sun right now?
• Where is the Earth’s shadow?
• Hold up the golfball in the same direction
that you see the Moon.
• What is the phase of the Moon today?
• ???Go outside with golf ball and see
phase of golfball today???
– If not today, try this on your own with your
own white sphere.
Golf Ball demo – phases part 1
• Using:
– the light bulb as the Sun
– Golf ball as Moon.
• If brand name appears = near side.
– YOU as ENTIRE Earth
• Picture on textbook p. 43 will help with visual
aid.
• Create new Moon.
• Create waxing crescent
Quick activities
• Ranking Task – Exercise #1
– Examine B, E. Shade in the dark part.
– Examine C. Shade in the dark part.
– Read “Ranking Instructions.”
– Answer the “Ranking Order” question
• Look at Lecture Tutorial workbook on page
79, #1. Which phase is that? Answer the
question. 1 minute.
Question 1 on page 79 of workbook.
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What phase is the moon at
letter C?
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Waxing crescent
1st quarter
Waxing gibbous
Full moon
Waning Gibbous
3rd quarter
Waning crescent
New moon
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#5 on page 80
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Golf Ball demo – phases part 2
• Review:
– make a new moon.
– Waxing crescent
• Other phases:
– First quarter … follow teacher prompt through all
phases.
• Lecture tutorial, pages 79-81. Do remaining
questions. 10 minutes.
Golf Ball demo – phases part 3
• Demonstrate starting at one new moon
and going through a cycle to the next new
moon.
• How long does it take to do that?
• How long does it take to go new -> 1st
quarter?
• How long from 1st quarter to full?
• How long from waxing crescent to waning
crescent?
How long between 1st quarter and
full moon?
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1 day
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
1 moonth
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How long from waxing crescent to
waning crescent?
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1 day
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
1 moonth
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Today the Moon is one day after Full
Moon. What will it be tomorrow?
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New
Wax crescent
1st quarter
Wax gib
Full
Wan gib
3rd qtr
Wan cresc.
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Did you go outside and point at
the noon Sun?
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1. Yes
2. No
3. Abstain
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Golf Ball demo – eclipses
• What is a total lunar eclipse? What phase is
the Moon? Is it always that phase?
• What is a total solar eclipse? What phase is
the Moon? Is it always that phase?
• Eclipses discussed in textbook, pages 45-49
Jigsaw
• Work on the jigsaw handout in groups
Facing the Moon, finding the Sun
• POINT to the direction would you have to
turn to see the Sun if you saw these in the
sky:
• 1.
How much would you turn?
• 2.
How much would you turn?
• 3.
How much would you turn?
• 4.
How much would you turn?
Synchronization
• Did we talk about the Moon’s special
rotation?
• Watch the movie clip.
– What object is Earth?
– What object is Moon?
– What did the scene get right?
– What did the scene get wrong?
Sky rotation
How do the “pictures” change because the
sky rotates?
Your turn
• Lecture tutorial, pages 83-85. 18 minutes.
• NOTE TO TEACHER:
– REVIEW: which direction things rise/set/highest
– Question 6: Tell them to pay attention to the
arrow, showing the Earth’s rotation direction.
– Question 8: Have them draw a stick person
where the Moon is highest in their sky.
#4 – part 1: Where would you look to see
the new Moon when it starts to rise
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South
East
West
North
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What is the correct answer to #5?
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Question 6: what time is it for
the person in the figure?
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6am
Noon
6pm
Midnight
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What time is it when the Moon drawn
on the board is where you see it.
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6am
Noon
6pm
Midnight
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What you should be able to do
Given a picture of the Moon, name of phase
or eclipse, complete all of the following:
1. Draw picture and name each phase
2. How much of the Moon is lit, and how much
of the lit part we see? Why is the dark part
not lit?
3. If facing the Moon at any phase, which way
(right/left/behind) do you turn to face the
Sun? Name direction (NSEW)
4. Approximate time, based on the Moon’s
phase and location in the sky
Clicker questions coming
My advice:
1. Take out some notebook paper.
2. I will fill in the blanks on the board. Copy info down.
3. Write your guess someplace off to the side so you
can cover up your answer when you study your
notes
4. Write the correct answer in another place you can
cover up, NOT immediately next to your first guess.
5. This will make it hard for you to peek at the right
answer when studying your notes
Close your textbooks
• See above
What time is it when the moon is
____ and located in the ___ sky.
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6am
Noon
6pm
midnight
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What Moon phase rises at 6pm
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New
1st quarter
Full
3rd quarter
All of them
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If the Moon is _____ what will it
look like one week later?
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New
Waxing crescent
1st q.
Waxing gibbous
Full
Waning gib
3rd q
Waning crescent
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Ranking Task Preview
• Exercise #4
– Box A:
• What phase is the Moon? HINT: for B, it’s a new
Moon.
• Which direction is the Moon?
• What time is it?
– Box C:
• What phase is the Moon?
• Which direction is the Moon? (NOT West!)
• What time is it?
What time is it when the moon is
____ and located in the ___ sky.
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9am
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9pm
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Which one would appear closer to
the Sun in the sky?
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What time is it when the Moon is
_____ and in the ____
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Midnight
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Where is the ____ moon at ____?
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North (below ground)
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Can you see a waxing crescent
during daytime?
1. Yes
2. No
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Can planets show phases?
1. Yes
2. No
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Could the first quarter Saturn picture in
this classroom be taken from Earth?
1. Yes
2. No
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Learning Objectives
• What are the names of the Moon’s phases?
– Match names with pictures
• What causes these phases?
• FOCUS OF THIS LESSON:
– Telling time & direction from the appearance of
the Moon.
• What causes eclipses? What does the Moon
(and Earth) look like during eclipses?
• Are there phases on other worlds?