Afghanistan/Pakistan
Historical Background
Ethnic Communities of Afghanistan
Timeline of Afghan/Pakistan History
 1839 British in the form of the East India Company
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invade Afghanistan, install descendant of former shah.
1842 British force in Afghanistan annihilated.
1868 Russians reach the border of northern Afghanistan.
1873 treaty between Russia and Britain establish
Afghanistan as a buffer state.
1876 Britain occupies Quetta.
1878 Russia provokes Britain into a 2nd Afghan invasion.
1880 British leave.
1947 Britain grants independence to India and the
country is partitioned between India and Pakistan.
The Values of Pakhtunwali/Pukhtunwali/Pashtunwali
 Badal – Vengeance.
 Tora – Courage.
 Melmastia – Hospitality.
 Nanawatee – Generosity to a defeated enemy
supplicating for peace.
 Teega or Kanray - Heeding the voice of the jirga.
 Tarboorwali - cousin rivalry.
 Tor – Upholding female honor.