Chapter 3
Note Cards
1. 14th Amendment
• Declared all persons born or naturalized in US
as citizens
• All citizens entitled to “equal protection of the
laws”
• States that denied African Americans the right
to vote were punished
• Denied all claims for Confederate Debt
2. 15th Amendment
• States that no citizen can be denied the right
to vote because of “race, color, or previous
condition of servitude.”
3. Reconstruction
• Program implemented by the federal
government between 1865 and 1877 to repair
damage to the South caused by the Civil War
and restore the southern states to the Union.
4. Freedmen’s Bureau
• Radical Republican plan that received
Presidential support.
• Its goal was to provide food, clothing,
healthcare, and education for both black and
white refugees in the South.
5. Black Codes
• Laws that sought to limit the rights of African
Americans and keep them as landless workers.
• Allowed blacks to only work in certain
occupations, prohibited African American’s
from owning land, and set up laws forcing
blacks to work.
6. Wade-Davis Bill
• Passed in 1864 it required that a majority of a
state’s prewar voters swear loyalty to the
Union before the process of restoration could
begin.
7. Andrew Johnson
• President Abraham Lincoln’s Vice President,
who took over as President following Lincoln’s
assassination.
• The only Southern Senator who refused to
join the Confederacy, when his home state of
Tennessee seceded in 1861. He was against
equality for the former slaves.
• He was impeached by Radical Republicans,
but was not removed from office.
8. Radical Republican’s
• Led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner,
these individuals in congress insisted that the
Confederates had committed crimes by
enslaving African Americans and by entangling
the nation in war.
9. Scalawag
• A Negative term for Southern whites who
supported the Republican Party after the Civil
War.
• These were white men who had been locked
out of pre-Civil War politics by their wealthier
neighbors.
10. Carpetbagger
• Is a negative term for a Northerner who
moved to the South after the Civil War,
seeking to improve their economic or political
situations, or help make a better life for
freedmen.
11. Sharecropping
• A system that embraced much of the South’s
black and white poor.
• Under the System, a landowner dictated the
crop and provided the individual with a place
to live, as well as seeds and tools, in return for
a share of the harvested crop.
12. Tenant Farming
• The most independent arrangement for both
the farmer and landowner.
• The individual pays rent to the landowner and
then was free to choose and manage his own
crop- and free to choose where he would live.
13. Ku Klux Klan
• A white supremacy group that was formed in
Tennessee in 1866.
• Clothed in white hoods, and mounted on
horse back, theses individuals would roam the
countryside terrorizing African Americans.
14. Compromise of 1877
• Was an agreement that allowed Rutherford B.
Hayes won the 1876 presidential election and
in exchange agreed to remove the remaining
federal troops from the South.
15. Rutherford B. Hayes
• An Ohio republican who ran for presidential
election in 1876.
• Was a respected Union general during the
war, and while governor of Ohio developed a
reputation of being honest and reform
minded.
16. Enforcement Acts
• Made it a federal offense to interfere with a
citizen’s right to vote.
• Also known as the KKK Acts
17. Integration
• An idea suggested by radical Republicans in
which, black and white students would attend
the same schools.
18. Segregation
• An Idea that many white southerners who
lived in the South supported.
• The forced separation, often times by race.
• Placed a huge strain on resources for
developing schools, because two schools
would have to be built rather than just one.
19. Redeemers
• Politicians who aimed to repair the South in
the eyes of congress.
• Their strategy was described as being
designed to reclaim the South from northern
dominance.
20. Civil Rights Act of 1866
• This was Congress’s attempt to overturn the
Black Codes.
• Created federal guarantees of the civil rights
and superseded and state laws that limited
them, but was vetoed by President Andrew
Johnson.