Gender Equality and Empowerment of
Women in the Context of
the Implementation of the Millennium
Development Goals
2010 High-level Segment
Economic and Social Council
New York, 28 June – 2 July
Annual Ministerial Review : Nacional Voluntary Presentation
GUATEMALA
Guatemala: an unequal and
diverse country
•
Population: 14.4 million
o 51.2% women, 48.8% men
o 38.4% indigenous, 61.6% non-indigenous
•
Post Conflict and Democracy:
o 36 years of armed conflict (1960-1996)
o 1985: First civilian government elected
o 1996: Signing of Peace Agreements
•
Human Development Index: ranks 118 (0,689)
•
Gini Coefficient for Income Distribution: 0.55
•
One of the most vulnerable countries in terms of
Climate Change
Status of women in Guatemala
Social
Poverty
exclusion
Political
Gender
relatioships
Economic
Situation of
systematical
disadvantages
for women
Ethnic
Discrimination
Geographical
exclusion
Cultural
Exclusion
and
discrimination
Trends in selected indicators, Millennium
Goals Situation of Women 1990-2010
Gender Gaps
Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and
begun to reverse the spread of HIV / AIDS
Source: National Epidemiology Center, Ministry of Health
Gender Gaps
Target 1B: Achieve full and productive
employment and decent work for all,
including women and young people
Source: INE-ENCOVI, 2006
Gender Gaps
Target 1B: Achieve full and productive
employment and decent work for all,
including women and young people
Intra-gender Gaps
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
Source: National Epidemiology Center, Ministry of Health, 2008
Income / Population Ratio:
Employed persons between the ages of 15 and 65
by sex and ethnic identity
Source: ENCOVI, 2006
Sustained increase of women
meeting violent deaths
Harassment
Prolonged abuse
Psychological pressure
Physical and sexual
violence
Femicide
A total of 4,602 cases of
women meeting violent
deaths are registered
between 2001 to 2009
Social Indifference
Limited institutional
response capacity
Four decades of
internal armed conflict
Source: PNC, 2007.
Decision-Making
Percentage of Women with a seat in Congress
1986: 7%
2008: 12% (19 non-indigenous, 4 indigenous)
Participation in Departmental Development Councils (CODEDE)
2009: 190 women / 861 men
53 indigenous women / 137 non indigenous women
Participation in Local Government
2007 Elections: 6 of 333 mayoralties / municipal councils (1.8%)
235 representation in municipal corporations (5.84%)
Source: TSE, 2007, Segeplan, 2010
Advances for Women’s Equality
Beijing Declaration
(1995)
Millennium Development
Goals (MDG)
(2000)
Peace Agreements
(1996)
Social Development Law
(2001)
National Women’s Forum
(1997)
National Policy for the
Advancement and Integral
Development of
Guatemalan Women
(2001)
Institutional Framework
-Presidential Secretariat
for Women
MDG and Sectoral
Programmes linked with
gender policy and MDG.
50% of policies include guidelines
and actions to promote gender
and ethnic equality.
Links between the National Policy for the
Advancement and Integral Development of
Women and the MDG’s
MDG
Pillars of the National Policy for the Advancement and
Integral Development of Women
1
Economic development
X
2
3
4
5
6
X
Educational equity
X
X
Health equity
X
Erradication of violence against women
X
Legal equity
X
Racism and discrimination
X
Cultural Development
X
X
X
X
X
Institutional mechanisms
X
Sociopolitical participation
X
Cultural identity of Maya, Garífuna and Xinka women
8
X
Natural resources
Equity in employment
7
X
X
X
X
X
X
Links between MDG reports and
policy making
COST – EFFECTIVE VARIABLES /MDG Report 2006
Children with access to GROWTH MONITORING
GOVERNMENTAL PROGRAMMES
Mothers with access to the BREASTFEEDING Programmes
“Mi familia progresa” conditional
cash transfer
Pregnant women with access to PRENATAL CARE
Nutrition and Food Security
Mothers with access to POST-NATAL CARE
Reproductive Health
Households with well or tap (access to PUBLIC WATER
SUPPLY)
“Agua Fuente de Paz”
Households with LATRINE (access to wastepipe)
Water and Drainage for Human
Development
Access to HEALTH-CARE SERVICES, clinics, health-care
centers and hospitals
Reinstatement of free public services,
provision of ambulances, 24-hour care
Reinstatement of free public services,
loans, grants,
Primary school students receiving ACADEMIC INCENTIVES scholarships
Parents’ educational level (+parental illiteracy-children’s
Free of charge Literacy
education)
Access to SCHOOLS
Households with ELECTRICITY
Electric Supply for Rural Areas
Lessons Learned
Alliances between women’s organizations and public institutions
Alliances between women and other marginalized groups.
State-initiated action benefiting women creates new opportunities for
participation.
Pemanent female representation in local governments and territories.
Challenges for the Country
The pace of progress is extremely slow for Guatemala to achieve the MDG’s
and gender equity.
• The adverse economic climate
• Historical reluctance to increase the country’s tax rate.
More efficient and effective management of development on behalf of the
State
• Improve actions of public policies to achieve gender empowerment.
• To strengthen the planning system at both territorial and sectoral levels.
• To mainstream women’s rights into the public policy agenda, the legal and
institutional framework, the organizational culture and administrative practices.
Continuing the efforts of alignment, harmonization and appropriation in the
area of international cooperation.
Improving transparency, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms.
Effects of Guatemala’s disaster
vulnerability on the achivement of MDG’s and gender equity
Secretariat for Planning and Programming
Republic of Guatemala
–Segeplanwww.segeplan.gob.gt