Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women in the Context of the Implementation of the Millennium Development Goals 2010 High-level Segment Economic and Social Council New York, 28 June – 2 July Annual Ministerial Review : Nacional Voluntary Presentation GUATEMALA Guatemala: an unequal and diverse country • Population: 14.4 million o 51.2% women, 48.8% men o 38.4% indigenous, 61.6% non-indigenous • Post Conflict and Democracy: o 36 years of armed conflict (1960-1996) o 1985: First civilian government elected o 1996: Signing of Peace Agreements • Human Development Index: ranks 118 (0,689) • Gini Coefficient for Income Distribution: 0.55 • One of the most vulnerable countries in terms of Climate Change Status of women in Guatemala Social Poverty exclusion Political Gender relatioships Economic Situation of systematical disadvantages for women Ethnic Discrimination Geographical exclusion Cultural Exclusion and discrimination Trends in selected indicators, Millennium Goals Situation of Women 1990-2010 Gender Gaps Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV / AIDS Source: National Epidemiology Center, Ministry of Health Gender Gaps Target 1B: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people Source: INE-ENCOVI, 2006 Gender Gaps Target 1B: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people Intra-gender Gaps Goal 5: Improve maternal health Source: National Epidemiology Center, Ministry of Health, 2008 Income / Population Ratio: Employed persons between the ages of 15 and 65 by sex and ethnic identity Source: ENCOVI, 2006 Sustained increase of women meeting violent deaths Harassment Prolonged abuse Psychological pressure Physical and sexual violence Femicide A total of 4,602 cases of women meeting violent deaths are registered between 2001 to 2009 Social Indifference Limited institutional response capacity Four decades of internal armed conflict Source: PNC, 2007. Decision-Making Percentage of Women with a seat in Congress 1986: 7% 2008: 12% (19 non-indigenous, 4 indigenous) Participation in Departmental Development Councils (CODEDE) 2009: 190 women / 861 men 53 indigenous women / 137 non indigenous women Participation in Local Government 2007 Elections: 6 of 333 mayoralties / municipal councils (1.8%) 235 representation in municipal corporations (5.84%) Source: TSE, 2007, Segeplan, 2010 Advances for Women’s Equality Beijing Declaration (1995) Millennium Development Goals (MDG) (2000) Peace Agreements (1996) Social Development Law (2001) National Women’s Forum (1997) National Policy for the Advancement and Integral Development of Guatemalan Women (2001) Institutional Framework -Presidential Secretariat for Women MDG and Sectoral Programmes linked with gender policy and MDG. 50% of policies include guidelines and actions to promote gender and ethnic equality. Links between the National Policy for the Advancement and Integral Development of Women and the MDG’s MDG Pillars of the National Policy for the Advancement and Integral Development of Women 1 Economic development X 2 3 4 5 6 X Educational equity X X Health equity X Erradication of violence against women X Legal equity X Racism and discrimination X Cultural Development X X X X X Institutional mechanisms X Sociopolitical participation X Cultural identity of Maya, Garífuna and Xinka women 8 X Natural resources Equity in employment 7 X X X X X X Links between MDG reports and policy making COST – EFFECTIVE VARIABLES /MDG Report 2006 Children with access to GROWTH MONITORING GOVERNMENTAL PROGRAMMES Mothers with access to the BREASTFEEDING Programmes “Mi familia progresa” conditional cash transfer Pregnant women with access to PRENATAL CARE Nutrition and Food Security Mothers with access to POST-NATAL CARE Reproductive Health Households with well or tap (access to PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY) “Agua Fuente de Paz” Households with LATRINE (access to wastepipe) Water and Drainage for Human Development Access to HEALTH-CARE SERVICES, clinics, health-care centers and hospitals Reinstatement of free public services, provision of ambulances, 24-hour care Reinstatement of free public services, loans, grants, Primary school students receiving ACADEMIC INCENTIVES scholarships Parents’ educational level (+parental illiteracy-children’s Free of charge Literacy education) Access to SCHOOLS Households with ELECTRICITY Electric Supply for Rural Areas Lessons Learned Alliances between women’s organizations and public institutions Alliances between women and other marginalized groups. State-initiated action benefiting women creates new opportunities for participation. Pemanent female representation in local governments and territories. Challenges for the Country The pace of progress is extremely slow for Guatemala to achieve the MDG’s and gender equity. • The adverse economic climate • Historical reluctance to increase the country’s tax rate. More efficient and effective management of development on behalf of the State • Improve actions of public policies to achieve gender empowerment. • To strengthen the planning system at both territorial and sectoral levels. • To mainstream women’s rights into the public policy agenda, the legal and institutional framework, the organizational culture and administrative practices. Continuing the efforts of alignment, harmonization and appropriation in the area of international cooperation. Improving transparency, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. Effects of Guatemala’s disaster vulnerability on the achivement of MDG’s and gender equity Secretariat for Planning and Programming Republic of Guatemala –Segeplanwww.segeplan.gob.gt