R. Bryan Peiffer– Structural Option
AE Senior Thesis 2011
Three PNC Plaza, Pittsburgh Pa.
www.pnc.com
www.forum.skyscraperpage.com
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
www.pnc.com
www.forum.skyscraperpage.com
Presentation Outline
Project Information
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Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
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www.bing.com
www.pnc.com
Location:
Occupancy Type:
Size:
Height:
Cost:
Condominiums:
Hotel:
Parking Garage:
LEED:
Pittsburgh, PA
Mixed-Use Office
780,000 SF
342 Feet
$179 Million
28 Units
185 Rooms
330 Spaces Underground
Core and Shell Gold
Fairmont Hotel Gold
Presentation Outline
Project Information
• Owner:
Group
• Design Architect:
• Local Architect of Record:
• Main Tenants:
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
• Hotel Operator:
• Condominiums:
www.pnc.com
The PNC Financial Services
Gensler
Astorino
PNC
Reed Smith Law Firm
Fairmont Hotels & Resorts
Howard Hanna Real Estate
Presentation Outline
Cassion Detail
Existing Structure
Foundation System
• Soil Overburden 60’ to Bedrock
• Typical Column Reaction of 3500 kips
• Caisson drilled till auger refusal or socket into bedrock
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
Provided by Astorino
Provided by Astorino
Presentation Outline
Floor Detail
Introduction
Existing Structure
Gravity System
• Typical Bay Size 30’ by 42.5’
• 5 ½” Composite Floor Construction
• W21x44 Fill Beams
• W24x62 Girders
• W14 Columns Ranging from 68 to 740 lb/ft
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
Provided by Astorino
Presentation Outline
Existing Structure
Introduction
Lateral System
• Concrete Core Shear Walls
• Stop at 14th Floor
• Size change at 8th floor
• Steel Moment Frame
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
www.forum.skyscraperpage.com
N
www.forum.skyscraperpage.com
Provided by Astorino
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
• Redesign building with concrete to try and reduce costs
with minimal impact to current floor plans
• New Gravity System
• New Lateral System
Construction Management Breadth
• Compare sequencing and cost
Architectural Breadth
• Determine effects on floor plans
Presentation Outline
Structural Depth
Initial Column Layout
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Design Process
1. Initial Plan Layout
2. Gravity System Design
3. Lateral System Design
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
N
Presentation Outline
Structural Depth
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Slab Design Alternatives
1. Flat Slab System
2. Two-Way Post-Tensioned Slab
3. One-Way Post-Tensioned Slab with Wide Shallow
Beams
Tensacciai - Guide to PT Systems
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
Tensacciai - Guide to PT Systems
Ground – 14th Floor
Presentation Outline
Structural Depth
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
N
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
15th Floor– 23rd Floor
One-Way Slab Design
• 8” Uniform Thickness
L/h = 45
• Typical span length of 30’
• 100 psf Live Load
• 20 psf Superimposed Dead Load
• Broke up into Sections and Design Individually
• ADAPT-PT modeled 1’ wide sections
• Pre-stressed Class U properties
• #4 Rebar for Ordinary Reinforcing
Ground – 14th Floor
Presentation Outline
Structural Depth
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
N
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
Slab A Design
Slab A Design
• 9 Spans at 30’
• ½”, 7-wire tendons
• Exterior bays PT Force of 28.8 kips/ft
• Interior bays PT Force of 20.0 kips/ft
• Pre-stressed Class U properties
Slab A Tendon Profile
Presentation Outline
Ground – 14th Floor
Structural Depth
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Girder Design
• Broken up into types and designed individually
• ADAPT-PT used for analysis
• Typically 60” wide by 18” deep
L/h = 30
• # 8 Rebar for Ordinary Reinforcing
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
N
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
ADAPT-PT Model
Structural Depth
Girder Design Type D
• Modeled as “T-Beams” , effective width according to ACI
318
• 100 psf Live Load
• 20 psf Superimposed Dead Load
• PT Force Required
• Exterior: 740 Kips from 29 strands
• Interior 440 kips from 19 Strands
RAM Model
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
Structural Depth
Column Design
• Preliminary Size of 36” by 36”
• Modeled in RAM Structural System
• Size Changes Every 6 Floors
• Strength Change from 10ksi to 7ksi at 14th Floor
Existing Layout
Presentation Outline
Structural Depth
N
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
New Layout
Lateral System Design
• Concrete Core Shear Walls till 14th Floor
• Perimeter Moment Frame
• Moment Frame in Short Direction of Building
• Dual System Classification: R = 5.5
ETABS Model
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
Structural Depth
ETABS Model Results
• Period of Vibration:
• Mode 1= 3.37
• Mode 2= 2.65
• Mode 3= 2.34
• Cu*Ta = 2.1
• Building Weight = 103700 kips
• Seismic Base Shear = 2390 kips
• Wind Base Shear N/S = 2814 kips
• Wind Base Shear E/W = 795 kips
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
Structural Depth
Lateral System Deflections
• Wind Controlled in North/South
• Seismic Controlled in East/West
• Max Allowable Deflection of 9.57” from wind loads
h/400
• Max Allowable Seismic Story Drift from equation
0.015hsx
• North/South Deflection Due to Wind = 5.93”
• East/West Deflection Due to Seismic = 2.56”
Existing Layout
Presentation Outline
Architectural Breadth
N
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
New Layout
Movement of Vertical Circulation Wells Impact to key areas:
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2nd Floor:
8th Floor:
15th Floor:
Restaurant and Ballroom
Typical Office Level
Typical Condo/Hotel Level
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
Construction Management Breadth
Steel Schedule
• 2 Floors Scheduled
• 43 days per 2 Floor
• Approx: 537 Days
Presentation Outline
Construction Management Breadth
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Steel Schedule
• 2 Floors Scheduled
• 43 days per 2 Floor
• Approx: 537 Days
Construction Management Breadth
Concrete Schedule
• 2 Floors Scheduled
• Broken up into 3 Sections
• 16 Days per Floor
• Approx.: 400 Days Total
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
Presentation Outline
Construction Management Breadth
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Steel Schedule
• 2 Floors Scheduled
• 43 days per 2 Floor
• Approx: 537 Days
Construction Management Breadth
Concrete Schedule
• 2 Floors Scheduled
• Broken up into 3 Sections
• 16 Days per Floor
• Approx.: 400 Days Total
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
Cost Comparison
Bare Costs
O&P Costs
Total
Steel
$16,008,174
$3,610,772
$19,618,946
Concrete
$16,599,099
$5,062,030
$21,661,129
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Existing Structure
Thesis Goals
Structural Depth
Architectural Breadth
Construction Management Breadth
Conclusion
Questions & Comments
Conclusions
The goal of creating a more cost effective concrete structure was
not met with this redesign.
Increased building weight would require a redesign of the
foundation system. Which was not in the scope of this project.
New system also resulted in a lost of useable space for the
tenants, in particular the hotel portion of the building.
Acknowledgments
Astorino
• Michael Brennan
• Michael Linder
The PNC Financial Services Group
• T. Michael Gilmore
www.pnc.com
The Pennsylvania State University
• Dr. Ali M. Memari
• Professor M. Kevin Parfitt
• Professor Robert Holland
• The entire AE faculty and staff
• The AE Class of 2011
www.forum.skyscraperpage.com
Questions and Comments
www.pnc.com
www.forum.skyscraperpage.com