Miller Children’s Hospital Pediatric Inpatient Addition Long Beach, CA
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Miller Children’s Hospital Pediatric Inpatient Addition Long Beach, CA Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • System Sizing • Cost Estimate and Payback • Design Objectives • Electrical System Integration • Mechanical Depth – CHP • Summary and Recommendation • CHP Screening Process • Energy Analysis • Central Plant Redesign • Electrical System Integration • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions Building Background • General Building Information Owner • Miller Children’s Hospital Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process • Energy Analysis • Central Plant Redesign • Electrical System Integration • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation Project Size • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • 127,000 square feet Building Background • The Pediatric Inpatient Addition • System Sizing Total Cost • Cost Estimate and Payback • $151,000,000 (estimated) - 4-Story Hospital Facility Design-bid-build - 7 Operating Rooms Completion Date - Neonatal Intensive Care Unit • Fall 2009 - Utilizes Green Roof System • Electrical System Integration • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions Existing Systems Summary Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process • Energy Analysis Mechanical System • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • System Sizing • Cost Estimate and Payback • Electrical System Integration • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions Existing Systems Summary Chilled Water Flow Diagram • 7 Air Handling Units (located on roof) • Constant Volume with Space Reheat • HEPA Filters Used for Operating Rooms • (2) 500 ton Centrifugal Water Cooled Chillers • (2) Induced Draft Cooling Towers • (2) 2,000 MBh Gas-Fired Hot Water Boilers • Central Plant Redesign • Electrical System Integration • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation Hot Water Flow Diagram Condenser Water Flow Diagram Existing Systems Summary Existing Systems Summary Electrical System Single Line Diagram Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process Electrical System • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • System Sizing • Cost Estimate and Payback • Electrical System Integration • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions • Electric Utility – Southern California Edison • 480Y/277V 3-phase 4-wire secondary • (2) 750 kW emergency generators • 10,000 kW redundant transformer - Miller Children’s Hospital • Energy Analysis - Does not serve loads • Central Plant Redesign - For future use and owner preference • Electrical System Integration • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation Design Objectives Design Objectives Energy Consumption • Electricity - 5,900,000 kWh/year Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process Main Objectives • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • System Sizing • Cost Estimate and Payback • Electrical System Integration • Reduce energy consumption • Save money in operational costs • Cut back on emissions • Gas - 38,000 therms/year Operational Costs • Electricity - $1,100,000/year • Gas - $30,000/year • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions Emissions (Utility Generated) • Energy Analysis • NOX – 6,000 lbs/year • Central Plant Redesign • SOX – 5,000 lbs/year • Electrical System Integration • CO2 – 3,800 lbs/year • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation Annual Energy Consumption Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process • Energy Analysis • Central Plant Redesign • Electrical System Integration • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation CHP Screening Process • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • System Sizing • Cost Estimate and Payback Energy Costs and Consumption • Spark Spread -The difference between electricity and • Electrical System Integration gas rates in $/MMBtu • Summary and Recommendation - Higher spread favors CHP • Conclusions Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power • Cost of electricity ( > $0.05/kWh) • Cost of gas( < $4.00/MMBtu) General Factors Affecting CHP Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power Electric Load Profiles Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process • Energy Analysis • Central Plant Redesign • Electrical System Integration Energy Analysis • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • System Sizing • Cost Estimate and Payback • Electrical System Integration • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions • Peak Electric Load - September 6 at 5:00 pm - 900 kW • Peak Heating Load - January 1 at 7:00 am (TOA = 40°F) -1,700 MBh • Peak Cooling Load • Cost Breakdown and Emissions - September 6 at 5:00 pm (TOA = 91°F) • Summary and Recommendation - 225 tons Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process • Energy Analysis • Central Plant Redesign • Electrical System Integration • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation Energy Analysis • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • System Sizing • Cost Estimate and Payback • Electrical System Integration • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions • Peak Electric Load – 900 kW - 15% over-sizing - 1,035 kW generator required • Use reciprocating engine - Little heating needed • Cannot use absorption cooling - Generator size too small • Generator Operation Condition - Demand output Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power Caterpillar Reciprocating Engine Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power CHP System Schematic and Annual Energy Use Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth - CHP • CHP Screening Process • Energy Analysis • Central Plant Redesign • Electrical System Integration • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation Energy Analysis • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • System Sizing • Cost Estimate and Payback • Electrical System Integration • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions • Recovered Heat Energy • System Schematic Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power Existing Central Plant Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process Central Plant Redesign • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • System Sizing • Cost Estimate and Payback • Electrical System Integration • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions • Located north of the Pediatric Inpatient Addition • Comprised of: - Pump Room - Chiller Room • Energy Analysis - Electrical Switchgear • Central Plant Redesign - Emergency Generator Room • Electrical System Integration -Transformer Yard • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation CHP Plant Redesign • New Generator Room – 1,180 sq. ft. Central Plant Area = 4,700 sq. ft. New Central Plant Area = 5,880 sq. ft. 25% Increase Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power Existing Central Plant Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process • Energy Analysis • Central Plant Redesign • Electrical System Integration • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation Electrical System Integration • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • System Sizing • Cost Estimate and Payback • Electrical System Integration • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions • Generator replaces redundant transformer • Key Switch • Fire pump moved • Emergency generators not required by code Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power CHP Cost Data Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power CHP Annual Operational Data Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • System Sizing • Estimated Cost: $1,600,000 • Annual Building Operational Cost • Cost Estimate and Payback • Electrical System Integration • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions Savings: $340,000/year • Less maintenance costs for the system • Estimated Payback: Less than 5 years • Energy Analysis • Central Plant Redesign • Electrical System Integration • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation • EPA Combined Heat and Power Partnership: Catalogue of CHP Technologies • R.S. Means: Cost Works Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power Emissions Data Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process • Energy Analysis Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • System Sizing • Decrease in SOX and CO2 emissions • Increase in NOX emissions • Cost Estimate and Payback - Generator less efficient at part-load • Electrical System Integration - Higher emissions per unit of energy generated • Summary and Recommendation - Utility generator operates at higher efficiency • Conclusions Cat Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems - California guidelines in place for utility emissions • Reduces CO by 93% • Reduces hydrocarbons by more than 40% • Catalytic Reduction Systems • Central Plant Redesign - Treats exhaust gas after it leaves the engine • Electrical System Integration - Uses toxic reagents such as ammonia • Cost Breakdown and Emissions - Potential health risks with venting and on-site • Summary and Recommendation Cat Oxidation Catalysts storage • Reduces CO by 93% • Reduces NOX by up to 90% Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process • Energy Analysis • Central Plant Redesign Summary and Recommendation • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • Total System Cost: $1,850,000 • System Sizing - Includes Catalytic Reduction System • Cost Estimate and Payback - 1.5% increase in overall project cost • Electrical System Integration • Total Annual Savings: $320,000/year • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions System Cost Annual Savings CHP Equipment Costs: $1,100,000 CHP Operation Savings: $410,000/year Central Plant Expansion: $500,000 Maintenance Costs: $90,000/year Catalytic Reduction System: $250,000 Total Annual Savings: $320,000/year Total CHP System Cost: $1,850,000 Important Notes Maintenance Costs • Efficient CHP systems utilize ALL - Includes maintenance costs for CRS CHP Maintenance Costs: $65,000/year recovered heat - 30% reduction in operational costs CRS Maintenance: $25,000/year • Size of building electric demand plays a Total Maintenance Cost: $90,000/year big role ( > 2 Megawatts) • Payback Period: Less than 6 years • Electrical System Integration • Reduced Emissions with CRS • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Recommendation: Install CHP System • Summary and Recommendation Mechanical Depth Combined Heat & Power • Utility rates very important factor Electrical Breadth Photovoltaic Panels Electrical Breadth Photovoltaic Panels Areas • Pediatric Inpatient Addition Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process • Energy Analysis System Sizing • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • Photovoltaic array located on roof • System Sizing - Pediatric Inpatient Addition upper roof • Cost Estimate and Payback - Pediatric Inpatient Addition lower roof • Electrical System Integration - Miller Children’s Hospital roof • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions • Total panel coverage: 12,310 sq. ft. • BP Solar panel selected • Central Plant Redesign - Model BP 175B • Electrical System Integration - Rated power: 175W • Cost Breakdown and Emissions - 14% Nominal Efficiency • Summary and Recommendation • 900 PV panels used - Upper roof: 7,700 sq. ft. - Lower roof: 3,240 sq. ft. • Miller Children’s Hospital: 11,060 sq. ft. • Assumed Coverage - PIA: 80% - MCH: 60% (rooftop equipment) • Assumed 80% Usable PV Area • Total Panel Coverage: 12,310 sq. ft. • Individual Panel Area: 13.56 sq. ft. • 900 Panels Calculated PV Panel Coverage Electrical Breadth Photovoltaic Panels Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process • Energy Analysis Electrical Breadth Photovoltaic Panels Incentives Package System Cost Incentive): $478,980 • Development & Engineering Fees: $70,000 • Federal Investment (10%) Tax Credit: $197,582 • PV Modules: $945,000 • State Solar Energy (7.5%) Tax Credit: $148,187 • Module Support Structure: $123,100 • Federal Accelerated Depreciation (34% tax rate): • Renewable energy delivered: • Inverter: $100,800 $328,770 • System Installation: $236,000 • State Depreciation Savings (8% tax rate): $38,679 245,000 kWh/year • Total Cost: $1,482,250 • Total Package: $1,192,200 Cost Estimate and Payback • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • System Sizing • Cost Estimate and Payback • Electrical System Integration • Maximum capacity: 140 kW AC • Summary and Recommendation • Electricity savings: $46,000/year • Conclusions • System cost: $1,482,250 • Central Plant Redesign • Incentives package: $1,192,200 • Electrical System Integration • Payback Period: 7 years • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation • California State Rebate (Performance Based Net PV System Cost by Year Electrical Breadth Photovoltaic Panels Electrical Breadth Photovoltaic Panels Commercial PV Inverter Diagram Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process • Energy Analysis • Central Plant Redesign • Electrical System Integration • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation Electrical System Integration • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • PV Inverter • System Sizing - Converts DC current into AC current • Cost Estimate and Payback -Solectria PVI Gridtie Inverters • Electrical System Integration - Miller Children’s Hospital: 60 kW • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions - Pediatric Inpatient Addition: 82 kW Electrical Breadth Photovoltaic Panels Electrical Breadth Photovoltaic Panels PV Electrical System Single Line Diagram Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process • Energy Analysis • Central Plant Redesign • Electrical System Integration • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation Electrical System Integration • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • Electrical System • System Sizing - Spare breaker on main distribution panel (#4) • Cost Estimate and Payback - New breaker size: 200A • Electrical System Integration - Inverters connected through single feeder • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions - Feeder size: (4) 3/0 + (1) #6 ground - Conduit size: 2” - Distance to main distribution panel: 240 ft - % Voltage drop: 1.56% < 2% - System sized using NEC 2005 Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process • Energy Analysis • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels Electrical Breadth Photovoltaic Panels Electrical Breadth Photovoltaic Panels Summary and Recommendation Summary and Recommendation • $46,000 annual savings • Non-renewable energy savings • Cost Estimate and Payback • Payback period of 7 years • Greenhouse gas reductions • Electrical System Integration • Not possible without incentives package • Recommendation: Install PV System • System Sizing • Summary and Recommendation • Conclusions - Costs more than to purchase from utility • Risky decision • Central Plant Redesign - Available money fluctuates • Electrical System Integration - Could be cut off if funds run out • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation Conclusions Presentation Outline • Building Background • Existing Systems Summary • Design Objectives • Mechanical Depth – CHP • CHP Screening Process Design Goals • Electrical Breadth – PV Panels • System Sizing • Reduce energy consumption • Cost Estimate and Payback • Save money on operational costs • Electrical System Integration • Summary and Recommendation • Cut back on emissions • Conclusions • Energy Analysis Can be achieved with energy efficient • Central Plant Redesign mechanical systems and renewable • Electrical System Integration • Cost Breakdown and Emissions • Summary and Recommendation energy sources Miller Children’s Hospital Pediatric Inpatient Addition Long Beach, CA Special Thanks to: Dr. James Freihaut – AE Department Rick Savely – Taylor Architects Becky Haines – JBA Consulting Engineers Questions? Marc Haines – JBA Consulting Engineers Ed Butera – JBA Consulting Engineers David Maino – Integrated Design Studios, Inc The JBA Costa Mesa office staff Kerry Hickman – Cashman Equipment Also, a special thanks to my parents for all their support over the years
