Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
20-1: Plant Cells and Tissues
Study Guide 21-1
Write the name of each of the three basic cell types that corresponds to the
function and description in the chart below.
Cell Type
Function
Description
1. _____________
_____________
Store starches, oils,
and water
Most common type of plant
cell
Thin cell walls
Large water-filled vacuoles
Contain chloroplasts in
leaves
Contain plastids in roots and
stems
Divide throughout their lives,
helping to heal wounds and
regenerate parts
2. _____________
_____________
Help provide support for
the plant
Most common in younger
tissues of leaves and
shoots
Cell walls range from thin to
thick
Often form strands
Stretchy and can change size
3. _____________
_____________
Skeletal support for the
plant
Form a major part of fruit
pits and nut shells
Thick, rigid walls
Have a second cell wall that
contains lignin
Found in parts of the plant
that are no longer growing
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
1
Plant Structure and Function
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Study Guide A continued
MAIN IDEA: Plant organs are made of three tissue systems.
Fill in the blank with the term that best completes the sentence.
4. The three plant tissue systems are ________________, ________________,
and ________________.
5. ________________ tissue protects the outside of a plant.
6. ________________ tissue provides support for the plant and stores materials
in roots and stems.
7. ________________ tissue transports water, mineral nutrients, and organic
compounds to all parts of the plant.
Vocabulary Check
Fill in the blank with the term from the box that best matches the description.
parenchyma cell
sclerenchyma cell
ground tissue
xylem
collencyhma cell
dermal tissue
vascular tissue
phloem
_________________
8. outer covering of a plant
_________________
9. includes xylem and phloem
_________________
10. tissue that makes up the majority of a plant
_________________
11. supporting cell type that makes up celery strands
_________________
12. vascular tissue that carries sugars
_________________
13. supporting cell type that makes up fruit pits
_________________
14. most common cell type that can help plants heal from
injury
_________________
15. vascular tissue that carries water and dissolves
minerals
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
1
Plant Structure and Function
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Section 3: Roots and Stems
Study Guide 21-3
MAIN IDEA: Roots anchor plants and absorb mineral nutrients from soil.
Complete the table by filling in each blank with the name of the root part that
corresponds to each description.
Parts of a Root
Description
1. ____________________
Center of a root
Made of xylem and phloem tissues that
are surrounded by dermal cells
2. ____________________
Tiny projections of dermal cells
Increase the surface area available for
absorbing water
3. ____________________
Cone of cells at the tip of the root
Protects the growing tip as it pushes
through the soil
Fill in the blank with the term that best completes the sentence.
4. Groups of cells that are located near a growing tip and give rise to new plant
cells form a tissue called ________________.
5. Root systems that are made of fine branches of about the same size are called
_______________.
6. Root systems that have one main root and can sometimes store food are called
_______________.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
1
Plant Structure and Function
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Study Guide A continued
7.
Plant use energy to absorb water as well as _______________ such as
nitrogen, iron, and magnesium.
8. The increased concentration of _______________ in root cells causes minerals
to move into the root by osmosis.
MAIN IDEA: Stems support plants, transport materials, and provide storage.
9. The main functions of most stems include ________________,
________________, and ________________.
10. The two plants shown in Figure 3.4 whose stems can store water are
________________ and ________________.
11. The plants shown in Figure 3.4 that have underground stems are
________________ and ________________.
12. Stems that have little or no wood and often contain chlorophyll for
photosynthesis are called ________________ stems.
13. Growth that makes stems grow taller or roots grow longer is called
________________ growth.
14. Growth that makes stems and roots of woody plants grow wider is called
________________ growth.
15. One year of growth on a ________________ includes a larger, lighter band of
growth that takes place in spring and a smaller, darker band of growth that
takes place later in the growing season.
Vocabulary Check
Fill in the blank with the term from the box that best matches the description.
meristem
root hairs
vascular
cylinder
root cap
_________________
16. tough covering on root tip
_________________
17. unspecialized tissue of dividing cells
_________________
18. houses xylem and phloem
_________________
19. increases surface area of a root
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
2
Plant Structure and Function