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Week 12
April 19
• Embedding a Drill-Down Graph in a Form
• Executive Information Systems
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
A Few Easy Steps
• In Graphics Builder
– Build the first graph
– Build the drill-down graph
– Create the ogr file
• In Form Builder
– Create the chart item that will receive the graph
– Create the push button and add the PL/SQL code
– Create a trigger for the chart item and add the PL/SQL
code
– Test the form
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Build the First Graph
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Table Descriptions
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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SQL for Pie Chart
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Data Model for Pie Chart
Paste the SQL into the text box
Click on “Execute”
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Data Set for the Graph
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Select Graph Type and Subtype
Pie chart
3D pie chart
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Select the Independent Variable
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Select the Dependent Variable
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Initial Graph
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Group Small Slices Together
Click on a pie slice,
Right-mouse click, and
Select Frame
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Select
Enter a value
Click on OK
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
New Graph
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Build the Drill-Down Graph
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Query for the Line Graph
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Start Building the Graph
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Click on the pie slice,
Right-mouse click, and
Select Properties
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Select “Drill-down” tab
Click on “New”
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Enter the parameter
(host variable) name
and an initial value
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Select a column name
(or alias) from the list of
items (to set the host
variable to)
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Enter SQL for the second graph
Host variable
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Data Set for the Line Graph
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Add the Drill-Down Graph
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Select the Graph Type and Subtype
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Select the Independent Variable (x-axis)
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Change to “Month”
Set subcategory to “Record_label_code”
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
New Settings
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Select the Dependent Variable
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Initial Graph
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Test the Graph
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Default or initial value
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Line Graph for Atlantic
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Line Graph for GRP Records
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Generate the OGR File
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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In Form Builder
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Attach og.pll to the library
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Create the Chart Item
Select “Build a new chart manually”
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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New Chart Item
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Object Navigator
Note the block and item names
(will be used in the PL/SQL)
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Create the Trigger for the Push Button
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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PL/SQL to Launch the Graph
og.open(display, item, clip-option, refresh-option)
clip-option
True (clip the chart to fit the dimensions of the chart
item), False (match the dimensions of the chart item)
refresh-option True (update graphics display), False (static bitmap
display)
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Create the Trigger for the Next Drill-Down
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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PL/SQL to Launch the Next Drill-Down
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Test the Form and Graph
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Initial graph
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
After Adjusting the Form and Graph
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Drill-Down
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Hint to Making Graph Fit
Draw a white line to give a false right side of the graph
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Executive Information Systems
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Information Systems
• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
– Support the completion and monitoring of an
organization’s transactions
– Generation of standard documents and reports
– Objectives:
• To process with a high degree of accuracy
• To generate documents and reports in a timely
manner
• To increase and/or enhance services
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Information Systems
– Objectives (cont.)
• To increase labor efficiency and productivity
• To maintain data and information integrity
• To increase revenues
• To reduce costs
• To support more efficient and effective operations
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Ten Characteristics of TPS
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•
•
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Large amount of input
Large amount of output
Large number of users impacted by the system
Need for efficient processing
Large storage requirements
Fast input and output capabilities
Low computational complexity
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Ten Characteristics of TPS
(Cont.)
• High degree of repetition in processing
• High potential for security-related problems
• Severe and negative impact on the organization if the TPS
fails
Do all information systems work this way?
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Frequency of Use
Very frequent
Infrequent
Required Accuracy
Low
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High
Future
Aggregate
Quite old
Currency
Highly current
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Time Horizon
Data are organizational resources and
must be properly managed.
Historical
Scope
Well defined
Operational
Control
Level of Aggregation
Source
Management
Control
Internal
Strategic
Planning
Detailed
Wide
Information Requirements
External
Robert Anthony's Taxonomy of Managerial
Information Requirements
Levels of Management
• Strategic Planning
"Strategic planning is the process of deciding on objectives of
the organization, on changes in these objectives, on the
resources used to attain these objectives, and on the policies
that are to govern the acquisition, use, and disposition of
these resources."
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Levels of Management (Cont.)
• Management control
"Management control is the process by which managers
assure that resources are obtained and used effectively and
efficiently in the accomplishment of the organization's
objectives."
• Operational control
"Operation control is the process of assuring that specific
tasks are carried out effectively and efficiently."
Anthony, 1965
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Planning within the Organization
Strategic
Planning
Management
Control
Operational
Control
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Strategic Plan
Tactical Plan
Operational Plan
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Managerial Tasks and Decision Making
Strategic
Planning
Management Management
Level
Control
Operational
Control
Managerial
Tasks
Activities
Decision
Making Tasks
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Decision Making in the Organization
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Management Level
Types of Decisions
Operational
Control
Management
Control
Strategic
Planing
Structured
Greater Opportunities
Semi-Structured
Untructured
Greater Opportunities
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
EIS
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• “An EIS is a computer-based system intended to facilitate
and support the information and decision-making needs of
senior executives by providing easy access to both internal
and external information relevant to meeting the stated
goals of the organization.”
Marakus, 1999
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Common EIS Characteristics
• Used directly by top-level executives
• Tailored to individual executive users
• Designed to be easy to operate and require little or no
training to use
• Focused on supporting upper-level management decisions
• Can present information in graphical, tabular, and/or
textual formats
• Provides access to information from a broad range of
internal and external sources
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Common EIS Characteristics
(Cont.)
• Provides tools to select, extract, filter, and track critical
information
• Provides a wide range of report including status reporting,
exception reporting, trend analysis, drill down
investigation, and ad hoc queries
Marakus, 1999
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Common Characteristics of Executives
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•
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Manage entire organization or autonomous subunits
Enterprise-oriented in their thinking
Possess the broadest span of control in the organization
Future-oriented and focus on strategic horizons rather than
day-to-day activities
• Responsible for establishing policies
• Represent the organization and its interactions with the
external environment
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Common Characteristics of Executives
(Cont.)
• Their actions can have considerable financial, human and
business consequences
• Must concern themselves with a wide range of internal and
external issues
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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EIS
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Flexibility in accessing information
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento