ZOOL 409
Tuesday (Thursday on back)
Lab Week 4
TUESDAY Objective:
Recognize the common cellular and extracellular components of skeletal tissue.
You need to distinguish cartilage and bone from other tissues present on the slide. Tendon and/or skeletal
muscle may be attached on the outside surface of the skeletal tissue. Within bone may be bone marrow, a
specialized variety of connective tissue consisting mostly of fat cells and "hemopoietic tissue" (the cells
which give rise to all the mobile connective tissue cells, the red and white blood cells).
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Cartilage
 Slide 57 and Slide 36, cartilage in trachea
 Slide 06, elastic cartilage of unspecified source, probably
external ear
 Slides 03, 04, developing endochondral bone, with
cartilage at epiphysis.
On each slide, notice:
o
o
o
o
o
cartilage matrix
absence of blood vessels within the cartilage
lacunae / chondrocytes
perichondrium
other tissues (whatever else appears on the specimen)
 Slide 02, "ground bone" (intact, mineralized matrix with
no cells or other organic material). The word "ground" in
the label is past-tense of "grind"; this specimen has been
prepared by grinding a thin sliver of bone after removal of
organic material.
On this slide, notice:
o
o
o
o
o
lacunae
canaliculi
Haversian canals
concentric lamellae (Haversian systems)
interstitial lamellae (Note that most lamellae are
concentrically arranged around Haversian canals, but
interstitial lamellae appear in-between.)
Bone
 Slide 03, developing bone with cartilage at the growing,
epiphyseal end and active remodelling within the bone).
 Slide 04, Slide 05 and Slide 08, decalcified bone (mineral
of matrix dissolved away).
On each decalcified bone slide, notice:
o eosinophilic bone matrix and lamellae (layered texture
in bone matrix)
o Haversian canals (channels for blood vessels)
o osteocytes in lacunae (within bone matrix; note regular
spacing)
o bone marrow (fat and blood-forming cells)
o osteoblasts and osteoclasts, if present (best seen on
slide 04). If present, note relationship between these
cells and the adjacent lamellae. Osteoblasts lie atop
parallel, freshly formed lamellae; osteoclasts lie in
hollows (Howship's lacunae) that cut across lamellae.
o periosteum (fibrous connective tissue around the bone)
o attached tendon and/or striated muscle
THURSDAY Objective: See other side.
Quiz, skeletal and associated tissue
□
□
Connective tissues of a long bone
(longitudinal and/or cross section):
____bone
____osteocyte
____periosteum
____Haversian canal
____bone marrow
____cartilage
____skeletal muscle
Connective tissues of a fibrocartilaginous joint:
____bone
____osteocyte
____osteoclast
____tendinous attachment
____cartilage
____chondrocytes
____skeletal muscle
Last updated: 6 February 2013 / dgk
ZOOL 409
Lab Week 4
Thursday (Tuesday on back)
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THURSDAY Objective:
1. Recognize three types of muscle tissue.
Notice the appearance (distinguishing
characteristics) of each muscle type.
Also notice the tissue context (i.e., where muscle
occurs in relation to other tissues).

Slide 32 -- tongue (Skeletal muscle comprises the
bulk of the organ.)
o
o
□
Slide 33 -- soft palate.
Slides 57, 35, 36 -- esophagus (Some
specimens may show smooth muscle. Skeletal
muscle is only present in upper esophagus.)
o Slides 04, 05 -- bone: (Skeletal muscle may not
be included in all specimens.)
o (You might also look at the motor innervation of
striated muscle on slide 87.)
□
Muscle of esophagus:
____smooth muscle in cross section
____smooth muscle in long. section
____skeletal muscle fibers in cross section
Muscle of stomach/duodenum:
____smooth muscle in cross section
____smooth muscle in long. section
Examine smooth muscle.
o
Slides 57, 35, 36 -- esophagus (Some
specimens may show skeletal muscle.)
o
Slides 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51 -- small
intestine (Smooth muscle forms two layers with
distinctly different orientation of the fibers,
"circular", wrapping around the organ, and
"longitudinal", approximately paralleling the long
axis of the organ.)
□
Muscle with bone:
____(see quizzes on reverse side)
*** NOTE ***
o
o
o
Next week, bring to class the "souvenir" slide you
received during our histotechniques field trip.
Examine cardiac muscle.
Among several other organs (which you should
eventually be able to recognize), this slide includes
a nice specimen of spleen. Some details may show
up better on this slide.
Slides 47, 48, 49 -- colon
Slides 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 -- stomach
Slides 76, 77 -- vagina (Stain may be faded;
smooth muscle is intermixed with CT.)
o Slide 65 -- bladder
o Slide 66 -- ureter

Muscle of tongue:
____skeletal muscle fibers in cross section
____skeletal muscle fibers in long. section
____smooth muscle in arterial wall
Slide 01 -- 3 types of muscle
Examine skeletal muscle.
o

□
Compare muscle types.
o

Muscle Quiz
Slides 12, 13
TUESDAY Objective: See other side.
Last updated: 20 March 2013 / dgk
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