IPCC SPM Part 1 notes - current changes

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IPCC: Observed Changes and their causes (SPM1)

SPM 1.1: Observed changes (change is happening)

Multi-decadal warming

Upper ocean has warmed 1971 to 2010

Ocean surface decreased pH by .1 (26% more acidic) CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 carbonic acid

Greenland and Antarctic glaciers losing mass (as are glaciers world wide)

Permafrost is thawing

Increase in precipitation in Northern Hemisphere

Changes in ocean salinity (increasing in some areas, decreasing in others)

Summer melting of Arctic sea ice is increasing

Sea level is rising faster than in past 2,000 years.

SPM1.2: Causes – Anthropogenic gases

½ of CO2 emissions since Industrial Revolution have happened in last 40 years

78% of CO2 emissions 2000 to 2010 from fossil fuel combustion

Economic and population growth biggest drives of CO2 increases

½ of change in global temperature from anthropogenic causes

Pg 5 – Causation discussion

SPM 1.3 Impacts occurring now

Ecosystems showing more effects than human systems

Species moving ranges, change in migration patterns, population sizes and biotic relationships

Climate change having more negative effect on crops than positive

Figure SPM 4

SPM 1.4 – Extreme Weather

Impacts show vulnerability of ecosystems and human systems

Increase in extreme droughts, intensity of rain and snow storms

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