Public Speaking:
An Audience-Centered Approach – 7th edition
Chapter 2
The
Audience-Centered
Speechmaking
Process
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Steven A. Beebe & Susan J. Beebe
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
“If all my talents and
powers were to be
taken away from me
by some inscrutable
providence, and I had
my choice of keeping
but one, I would
unhesitatingly ask to
be allowed to keep
the power of
speaking, for
through it, I would
recover all the rest.”
- Daniel Webster
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
An Audience-Centered
Speechmaking Model
Always think of
your audience
•
•
Shows sensitivity to
their needs.
Think if they understand
your words.
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Consider Your
Audience
•
•
•
Gather & analyze
information about
audience.
Consider culturally diverse
backgrounds of audience.
Adapt speech to particular audience.
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Select & Narrow
Your Topic
•
•
•
Who will be hearing
your speech?
What is the occasion (event)?
What are your interests, talents &
experiences?
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Determine Your Purpose
General Purpose:
overarching goal
of your speech
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Types of General Purposes
• Inform:
• Persuade:
• Entertain:
teach, define or clarify.
change or strengthen
thoughts or behaviors.
amuse with stories,
illustrations
and humor.
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Specific Purpose
•
•
Exact response you
want from audience.
Concise statement
indicating what you want
audience to do, think, feel
or remember.
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Develop Your Central Idea
•
•
Overview of speech.
One-sentence summary
of speech.
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An example:
• Topic:
• General Purpose:
• Specific Purpose:
The South Beach Diet.
• Central Idea:
The South Beach diet is
based upon reducing the
amount of carbohydrates
you eat, drinking more
water, and increasing the
amount of exercise.
To inform.
At the end of my speech,
the audience will be able
to identify the three key
elements in the South
Beach diet.
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Generate Main Ideas
•
•
•
•
Identify how speech
will logically divide.
How central idea
logically divides will determine main ideas.
Reasons why central idea is true can
be main ideas.
Series of steps to illustrate central idea can
be main ideas.
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Gather Supporting Material
•
•
•
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•
Material that
“backs up” ideas.
Can be personal & concrete.
Should appeal to listeners.
Research your supporting material.
Can be verbal, visual, or both.
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Organize Your Speech
•
•
•
•
Start with body.
Arrange ideas to
make most sense.
Prepare introduction &
conclusion AFTER body.
Follow effective outlining techniques.
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Rehearse Your Speech
•
•
•
•
•
Prepare early.
Practice out loud.
Observe your
behaviors.
Make adjustments.
Rehearse in front of others.
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Deliver Your Speech
•
•
•
•
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•
Walk calmly.
Walk confidently.
Remember rehearsals.
Maintain eye contact.
Speak loudly.
Vary your pitch.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009