T- 46
Types of Communication
 Intrapersonal
-
Talking to self
 Interpersonal
-
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communication
More than two people, in person
 Mass
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communication
Two people face to face
 Group
-
communication
communication
Many recipients, not face to face
Mass Communication
Components
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 Communicators
-
People who produce mass messages
 Message
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What is communicated
 Media
-
Vehicles that carry messages
 Audience
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Recipients of messages
T- 48
Communication Models
_
_
_
_
_
Role of communication models
Basic model
Narrative model
Concentric circle model
Mystery of Mass Communication
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T- 49
Communication Process
Fundamentals
 Stimulation:
- Stirring desire to communicate
 Encoding:
- Putting something into symbols
 Transmitting:
- Sending message
 Decoding:
- Translating message from symbols
 Internalizing:
- Making sense of decoded message
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Mass Communication
Participants
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 Gatekeepers
•
•
•
Media people who influence messages
Media people who edit messages
Examples: PR practitioners, journalists
 Regulators
•
•
and Pressure Groups
Non-media people who influence messages
Examples: Government, lobbyists
 Gatekeeper-Regulator
•
•
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Hybrids
Media professional groups
Example: Influence of ethics codes
Communication Impediments
NOISE
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Problems in transmission
 Channel noise
•
•
Interference during transmission
Example: Static on radio
 Semantic
•
•
noise
Sloppy message crafting
Example: Poor wording, ink smudge
 Environmental
•
•
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Noise
Interference at reception site
Example: Loose transistor in TV
T- 52
Communication Impediments
FILTERS
Problem receiving messages
 Informational filters
•
•
Receiver’s lack of knowledge
Example: Recipient doesn’t know Greek
 Physical
•
•
filters
Something physical limits recipient
Example: Receiver’s fatigue
 Psychological
•
•
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filters
Receiver’s state of mind
Example: Experiences affect perceptions
T- 53
Results of Mass Communication
_
Amplification
- Status conferral
_
Feedback
- Recipient response
_
Effects
- results
Copyright©1997, Allyn & Bacon