Modul 9
Australian Systems
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Political System
Educational System
Welfare System
Law System
I.
A.
Political & Governmental
System
Australia became a Federation
in 1901 after printing a the
six British
Colony from the
18th to late 19 century.
Federation : A political unity which is formed
when several separate states
unite under a central
government. The states keep
control of their own internal
affairs.
Australian Federation 6 states
1 NSW
1 Victoria
1 Queensland
1 South Australia
1 Western Australia
1 Tasmania
2 Territories
1 North Territory
1 Australian Capital Territory
B.
Original Concept of Federal
Constitution
Australian Federal Constitution
1 Britain
1 Unites States
1 Switzerland
1 British Influence
 Basis of the constitution
parliamentary
system 
separation of
power


(Executive)
dispute
(Judicative)

Parliament makes
the laws
(legislative)
Government
administers the
laws
Courts interpret the
laws for

Constitutional Monarchy

The Queen of GB =
queen of Australia

The Queen is
represented by the
~
Governor
general
~
State governor
~
Territory
administrator
1 American Influence
 Power division between

Federal

States
 Model for the senate

Representative of
states &
territories
1 Switzerland Influence
 Changing the
constitution 
referendum

Majority of the
voters

Chang  hard to
achieve 
stable
C.
Functions of Constitution
They are :
1 Laying out the operating rules
of the federal government
1 Regulation the relationship
between the states
1 Setting out how the
parliaments work
D.
Function of Federal Government
1 To control commerce,
communications, national
industrial disputes,
defence,
external affairs
immigration
marriage &
divorce.
1 To conduct an election for
parliament members.
1 To organize health,
education, indigenous affairs
and the environment
E.
Federal Parliament
Consisting of two chambers :
1 The House of Representative
1 The Senate
in
prime
1 The house of representative
 Lower House = people’s
house
 The Leader of the party
with the most seats
the house of
representative =
minister
 Representing 150
electorates
 Serving for three years
1 The Senate
 Upper house
 Representing a whole
state or territory
 Each state = 12 senators
 Each territories = 2
senators
 Serving for 6 years
 Elected through a qwota
systems =
“proportional
representation”
F.
Political Parties
Australia  Many Political Parties
1 Labor party = the oldest party
(1890’s)
1 Liberal party = 1945
1 National party
1 Minor parties
1 Labor party
 Originality : Socialist
party
 Free market approach
 Deregulating the banks
 Dropping tarrifs & sold
some government
assets
1 Liberal party
 Conservative
 Committed to free
enterprise
 Middle - class voters
 Emphasis on ties with
USA & GB
 Tightening immigration
policy
1 National party
 Country party
 Representing farmers &
rural people
1 Minor parties
 The Australian
Democrats
 The Greens Party
 One Nations Party
II.
Educational system
1 Basic concept
 Compulsory for all children 6 16 years old
 Pre-school is an elective
 Teaching both academic and
vocational education and
trainning (VET)
subjects
 National curriculum / basic
curriculum
1 Types of Schools
 Public
 Private
 Religious
1 Public Schools
 Funding by the government
 Examination system
 Standard uniform (plan)
 Free
1 Private Schools
 Funding by the parents
 Expensive
 Better standard & facilities
1 Religious schools
 Granting by the governor
Structure of The Education
Doctorate
Master
University
College
Tertiary
High School
Technical
Schools
Secondary
1 - 6 grades primary
III.
The Welfare System
1 Dilemmatic attitudes
Helping to improve ><
depending to the help
1 Types of welfare
 Pensions to olders
 Pensions to invalid
pensions
 National child endowment
 Payment for un employed
people
 Disability pension
1 Institution  Centrelink