all compounds are classified into 2 broad
categories: organic and inorganic compounds
Organic compounds are made primarily of
carbon atoms
Inorganic compounds with a few exceptions, do
not contain carbon. CO2 is inorganic and has C
A carbon atom has 4 valence electrons and
readily forms 4 covalent bonds to achieve
stability
It can bond with other elements or can bond
with itself
Monomers – building blocks of larger
carbon (they are small and simple)
Polymers – two (dimer) or more
monomers that bond together
Macromolecules -Large polymers
Carbohydrates
proteins
Lipids
nucleic acids
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
Removal of water to join
two building blocks
Forms dimers, polymers
Glucose + Fructose
Sucrose + H2O
HYDROLYSIS
Large molecules can’t pass thru
membrane
Must be broken down to monomer
units to be absorbed into blood
Water is ADDED to bonds, breaking
them into smaller pieces
Glucose + Fructose
Sucrose + H2O
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - molecule that
can store large amounts of energy in its
structure
consists of a five carbon sugar (ribose)
adenine, and three phosphate groups.
The energy is stored in the bonds between
the phosphate groups
When a bond between the phosphate
groups is broken, energy is released
The hydrolysis of ATP is used by our cells
to provide the energy necessary to
perform chemical reactions that enable an
organism to function