1
ECOLE SUPERIEURE DE COMMERCE DE
TOULOUSE
IWVC/LOOCA PROJECT PROPOSAL
11/24/00
Table of Contents:
ABOUT LOOCA GMBH
THE COMPANY
THE TEAM
SUPERIORITY OF THE LOOCA TYPE WEGS
BE A RELIABLE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE PARTNER
THE TECHNOLOGY
INFRASTRUCTURE AND AFTER SALES SERVICE
QUALITY ASSURANCE
PROPOSAL PROJECT
TECHNICAL PROPOSAL
HUMAN RESOURCES ISSUES
AUTHORIZATIONS AND GOVERNMENTAL HELPS
INCENTIVES AND SUBSIDIES
COMMUNICATION
INTEGRATION : FACILITIES, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
TERMS OF AGREEMENT
FINANCIAL PACKAGE
1- INDIAN NEEDS
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
6
6
19
19
20
20
21
24
25
25
2
3
About LOOCA GmbH
The company
LOOCA is one of the largest manufacturers of Wind Electric Generators in the
world. The production department of Looca Wind Systems has been
accredited the ISO 9001 Quality Standards and the IEC class II Standards.
Looca are pioneers in the industry and their name, "Looca" has stood for
quality products and for the ability to evolve suitable designs to cover every
aspect of a Wind Farm Project. 8452 Looca brand units (aggregating approx.
2817.670 MW) are operating successfully in 35 countries around the World,
which represents about 25% of the total accumulated, installed capacity of
Wind Farm Projects Worldwide.
World Wide Market Share in 1999
Desarrallos
1%
Others
9%
Looca
29%
Made
5%
Nordex
8%
Bonus
8%
Enron/Zond
9%
NEG Micon
19%
Enercon
12%
The team
Loïc DESVIGNES – Business Development – l.desvignes@free.fr
Olivier LUENGO – Technical Expert and Chief Executive – luengoo@meloo.fr
Olivier LAMARIE – Financial Manager – o.lamarie@libertysurf.fr
Christophe GALY – Environment Manager – christophe.galy@free.fr
Annabelle DEFENDINI – HR Manager – a.defendini@free.fr
4
Superiority of the Looca type WEGs
Development of the Looca type Wind Electric Generators (WEG) began in the year 1985 with
L55 KW WEG. This was progressively upgraded to WEGs in sizes of L75 KW, L90 KW, L100
KW, L200 KW, L225 KW. Even these types were further upgraded to L400 KW, L500 KW, L600
KW, L50-800 KW & L60-1300 KW and are being manufactured and marketed. Looca has also
recently developed the L80-2500 KW offshore model, which is a conclusive proof of the
superiority of the Looca type WEGs.
Be a reliable and environmentally responsible partner
In FRANCE, Looca has implemented an environmental management system that complies with
ISO 14001 standards. The certification refers to the external environment and covers the
activities of the company, Looca Wind Systems, worldwide.
An environmental management system has several purposes. Primarily, it is a question of
continuously implementing environmental improvements and reducing and minimizing
environmental risks. Looca considers safety at work to be a key issue.
In addition, Looca believes it to be important to maintain open and honest communication
with interested parties. Looca' goal is to be a reliable and environmentally responsible partner.
Achieving this goal involves working to improve knowledge about the environment, motivation
and attitudes among employees and partners.
A certifiable environmental management system requires constant maintenance. This involves
Looca measuring and documenting the environmental impacts - both internal and external caused by the company's activities at all levels.
Every year, Looca determines measures for which environmental impacts need to be improved
and systematizes the collation of environmental data.
The environmental management system also means that Looca includes aspects of
environmental consideration in product and process development and, naturally, that Looca
disposes of all refuse in an environmentally responsible manner.
The technology
Looca type L50-800KW / L60-1300KW and L80-2500KW WEGs have proved themselves to be
reliable models in the World. Around 2200 Nos. Looca type L50-800KW / L60-1300KW and
L80-2500KW have been installed in most of the Wind Farm sites in the World. The Looca L50800KW/ L60-1300KW and L80-2500KW
WEGs are suitably designed to meet the Indian
conditions viz.
1. Specially designed for Indian climatic condition.
2. Electrical system is suitably designed to withstand fluctuating Indian grid conditions
3. Assured quality with high reliability components.
4. Simple & user-friendly local controls system for operating with an option for central
monitoring and control system.
5. Sturdy Lattice & Tubular Tower.
5
Infrastructure and after sales service
Looca is one of the leaders in Wind Energy and have installed the maximum number of 10 MW
Wind Farms Worldwide.
Looca has comprehensive infrastructure facilities and a team of highly skilled engineers and
experienced personnel to execute large-scale wind farm projects on total turnkey basis. Looca
also undertakes to supply, erect and commission on a turnkey basis the WEGs with the client
providing the land and other necessary infrastructure.
The total turnkey concept includes the following:
1. Site and Wind Data assessment.
2. Assisting the client in procurement of land and site development.
3. Micrositing.
4. Civil and Electrical works associated with the erection of windmills.
5. Erection testing and commissioning of the wind mills.
6. Operation and Maintenance at a negotiated price.
Looca have service teams based near the wind farm installations for monitoring
PERFORMANCE of the WEGs to ensure maximum production. Looca undertakes operation,
after-sales- service within warranty period and post-warranty maintenance under AMC
Contracts.
Quality assurance
The purpose of a quality assurance system is to ensure that all products manufactured and
supplied meet Looca' specifications in full. This applies to all aspects of quality: product quality,
on-time delivery, correct quantities and all other services. However, it also involves making
sure that all suppliers live up to Looca' high standards. Only by ensuring that every link of the
chain is equally strong can Looca maintain these standards - and continue to operate as a
reliable partner.
Another purpose of quality assurance is to record and analyze the causes of any errors that
may occur, and to allow Looca to locate, correct and prevent such errors. Looca was certified
according to the ISO 9002 standard in 1991, and this certification was extended to the ISO
9001 standard in 1996. Quality and care are key concepts at Looca. That is why Looca trains
all employees and informs them about the group quality policy. The company also works to
influence attitudes among both employees and partners to achieve understanding of Looca'
objectives and the need for shared efforts.
Looca' policy is to manufacture all components that cannot be purchased externally in
standard or slightly modified forms on the basis of total-economic considerations. This means
that the group itself possesses the know-how required, which naturally makes Looca less
dependent on sub-suppliers.
Every activity undertaken stems from requirements for quality and care. This naturally applies
to product deliveries - but the services associated with the pre-sale phase, project
management and erection, as well as subsequent service and maintenance, are also carried
out in accordance with a set of fixed internal procedures.
Looca regularly visits selected suppliers and critically analyses all vital production processes. A
"control agreement" is then drawn up between Looca' quality department and the supplier's
quality manager. This agreement ensures that all components are made to Looca'
specifications and thoroughly checked before delivery.
Looca has established a range of follow-up systems. A project group consisting of technical
personnel from different departments actively carries out "product follow-up procedures" on
new turbines and evaluates the need for improvements on the basis of feedback from
6
PROPOSAL PROJECT
Technical Proposal
!
!
!
5 " L50-800KW
3 " L60-1300KW
or 1 " L80-2500KW
The L50/800 kW is an optimized development based on the successful experience
gained from the larger L54 and L60 turbines. Through a high-quality and very robust
design, this turbine must be seen as the state-of-the-art in the mid-size range of
wind turbine technology.
L50 / 800 kW
Average annual windspeed in 10 m. height
46 m. hubheight Nb of windmills70 m. hubheight Nb of windmills
4,00 m/sec.
841
24
969
21
4,50 m/sec.
1188
17
1363
15
5,00 m/sec.
1571
13
1794
11
5,50 m/sec.
1969
10
2236
9
6,00 m/sec.
2 366
8
2671
7
6,50 m/sec.
2748
7
3081
6
7,00 m/sec.
3105
6
3459
6
7,50 m/sec.
3431
6
3796
5
8,00 m/sec.
3722
5
4090
5
8,50 m/sec.
3974
5
4339
5
9,00 m/sec.
4186
5
4540
4
9,5 m/sec.
4358
5
4694
4
10,00 m/sec.
4490
4
4802
4
7
L60 / 1300 kW
Average annual windspeed
in 10 m. height
46 m.
50 m.
60 m.
69 m.
Nb of
Nb of
Nb of
Nb of
hubheig
hubheig
hubheig
hubheig
windmill
windmill
windmill
windmill
ht
ht
ht
ht
4,00 m/sec.
1258
16
1295
15
1378
15
1444
14
4,50 m/sec.
1795
11
1846
11
1961
10
2052
10
5,00 m/sec.
2392
8
2457
8
2605
8
2724
7
5,50 m/sec.
3021
7
3100
6
3278
6
3422
6
6,00 m/sec.
3655
5
3746
5
3951
5
4117
5
6,50 m/sec.
4274
5
4374
5
4601
4
4784
4
7,00 m/sec.
4863
4
4969
4
5213
4
5409
4
7,50 m/sec.
5409
4
5521
4
5775
3
5980
3
8,00 m/sec.
5906
3
6020
3
6280
3
6491
3
8,50 m/sec.
6347
3
6462
3
6723
3
6935
3
9,00 m/sec.
6729
3
6842
3
7100
3
7308
3
9,50 m/sec.
7047
3
7156
3
7405
3
7607
3
10,00 m/sec.
7301
3
7405
3
7640
3
7810
3
L80 / 2500 kW / offshore
Average annual windspeed in 10 m. height
60 m. hubheight
Nb of windmills
80 m. hubheight
Nb of windmills
4,00 m/sec.
6790
2,9
6884
2,9
4,50 m/sec.
7265
2,8
7366
2,7
5,00 m/sec.
7774
2,6
7882
2,5
5,50 m/sec.
8318
2,4
8433
2,4
6,00 m/sec.
8900
2,2
9024
2,2
6,50 m/sec.
9523
2,1
9655
2,1
7,00 m/sec.
10190
2,0
10331
1,9
7,50 m/sec.
10903
1,8
11054
1,8
8,00 m/sec.
11666
1,7
11828
1,7
8,50 m/sec.
12483
1,6
12656
1,6
9,00 m/sec.
13357
1,5
13542
1,5
9,50 m/sec.
14292
1,4
14490
1,4
10,00 m/sec.
15292
1,3
15504
1,3
10,50 m/sec.
16363
1,2
16590
1,2
11,00 m/sec.
17508
1,1
17751
1,1
11,50 m/sec.
18734
1,1
18993
1,1
12,00 m/sec.
20045
1,0
20323
1,0
12,50 m/sec.
21448
0,9
21746
0,9
13,00 m/sec.
22950
0,9
23268
0,9
13,50 m/sec.
24556
0,8
24897
0,8
14,00 m/sec.
26275
0,8
26639
0,8
L50-8OOKW
8
DESIGN
The Looca L50/800 kW is developed on the extensive and successful experience gained from the larger L54 and L60
wind turbines.
The L50/800 kW wind turbine is designed as a 3-bladed, horizontal-axis, stall-regulated wind turbine.
The distinct use of high quality components and the choice of leading sub-suppliers, secures for the customer the
optimum choice for his investment.
The wind turbine is designed for a survival wind speed of 70 m/s according to IEC (65 m/s according to GL1). All
components are therefore dimensioned with a high safety factor, which secures a long lifetime of the entire turbine.
Each component is designed for much higher loads than it will normally be exposed to.
ROTOR
The Looca L50/800 kW wind turbine has a rotor diameter of 50 m and a swept area of 1964 m2.
The hub is made of cast iron, which gives a strong and robust construction. Furthermore this material reduces
transferred noise from the rotor to the turbine structure.
The Looca L50/800 kW turbine is stall-regulated, which means that the blades are fixed to the hub in a predetermined
tip-angle. The rotor is therefore generally maintenance free, and contains a minimum of moving mechanical parts which
could become worn during operation.
BLADES
The blades are manufactured by one of the worlds leading blade manufacturers, and are a development in which the
blade profile as well as the material are optimised. This is done in order to exploit the wind energy to a maximum, and
in order to reduce the blade surface and weight as much as possible, thereby reducing loads and stress in the entire
wind turbine.
The blades are manufactured primarily of fibreglass reinforced polyester. The surface is coated in a light grey colour in
order to prevent light reflections.
The blade tips are pivotable, and can be turned 85 degrees in relation to the rest of the blade, and thereby act as an
aerodynamic brake, and the primary braking system of the turbine. During normal operation of the turbine, the blade
tips are maintained in operational position by pressurised hydraulic cylinders, which are located in each blade-root.
If unintentionally the rotor should exceed the nominal rotational speed, or if hydraulic pressure is lost, the centrifugal
force will cause the blade tips to deploy, thereby slowing down the rotor and acting as a truly fail-safe system.
The blades are delivered as standard with a lightning protection system which, together with the overall lightning
protection system of the turbine, offers maximum security against damage caused by a lightning strike.
MAIN SHAFT
The main shaft is manufactured in alloy steel. It has a state of the art, 3-point support, with a solid spherical roller
bearing supporting the shaft at the rotor in order to absorb the rotor thrust. In the gearbox the shaft is supported by two
cylindrical roller bearings and the gearbox unit again rests on two supports. The shaft is connected to the gearbox by a
shrink-fit coupling.
GEARBOX
The gearbox is delivered by one of the leading gearbox manufacturers for the wind turbine industry. It is a custom
designed 3-stage gearbox with the first stage as high torque planetary gear and the second and third stages as helical
stages. The planetary stage is ideal for obtaining and transferring the rotor torques of the shaft, and is at the same time
a compact and robust design. The gearbox is fitted in two strong rubber bushings in order to dampen the noise and
load peaks, so that when extreme loads occur, the gearbox and bearings are protected against damage.
The gear oil is cooled by a heat exchanger, connected to the cooling system of the generator. Monitoring of the oil
temperature ensure that the oil reaches its optimum temperature as fast as possible, and at the same time is kept
constantly at the optimum temperature. The gears and bearings therefore obtain a constant and optimal lubrication.
9
GENERATOR
The generator is a doublewound 4/6-pole asynchronous machine with two seperate windings, and a nominal effect of
800 kW and 200 kW respectively. The generator is optimised for the highest efficiency at 3/4 load, which under most
wind conditions gives the optimum kWh production.
The generator is designed for insulation class F but is only operated to class B. This together with the efficient liquid
cooling of the generator, ensures an optimum operating temperature, which again prolongs the lifetime of the generator
considerably.
The cardan coupling to the gearbox provides a robust and low-maintenance solution.
YAW SYSTEM
The active yaw system which enables the wind turbine to be positioned correctly in the wind, is based on a 4-point-ballbearing slewing ring.
The yawing of the turbine is done by 2 planetary gears, which are each driven by a thyristor controlled electric driven
motor, resulting in the loading of the yaw gears being equally distributed.
The yaw brake consists of a large disk brake activated by 4 hydraulic brake calibers. Furthermore, each yaw gear has
a separate brake built into the fast stage.The complete system ensures a smooth yawing procedure, and that the
nacelle is fixed when the yawing is inactive. In this way we ensure that there is no load on the yaw gears and drives,
when the turbine is not yawing.
Two mutually independent wind vanes give signals to the master computer, which controls the yawing procedure of the
turbine.
The system ensures that the turbine is positioned correctly in the wind at all times, thereby resulting in the optimal
power production and minimum stress on the turbine drive train.
BRAKE SYSTEM
The Looca L50/800 kW turbine has two independent braking systems. The primary system is the aerodynamic tipbrakes and the secondary system is the mechanical disk brake system which is located on the high speed shaft of the
gearbox. Both systems function fail-safe.
During normal operation of the turbine each blade tip is maintained in operational position by a pressurised hydraulic
cylinder located in the blade root. The release of the hydraulic pressure on the cylinders, intentionally or by a failure in
the system, will cause the tips to deploy and the rotor to decrease the rotational speed. When the rotor is slowed down
to a certain speed, the mechanical disk brake system is activated and the turbine is smoothly brought to a standstill.
The Looca wind turbines utilise a soft braking system on the mechanical brake. This means that the braking torque is
controlled according to a rampload-function, which reduces the strain on the drive train.
In this way the risk of pitting of the gearbox is minimised, and at the same time the torque in blades and drive train is
reduced.
During emergency braking both the aerodynamic and mechanical braking systems are activated simultaneously.
10
TOWER
The Looca L50/800 kW wind turbine can be delivered with a conic-shaped steel tower with various hub heights.
The tower is equipped with internal ladder, safety wire, working platforms and light fixtures. The climbing to the nacelle
is from the inside of the tower.
The painting and corrosion protection is in accordance with ISO 12994 Class 5.
LIGHTNING PROTECTION
With the gradual increase in wind turbine tower height, the risk that the turbine could be hit by a lightning also
increases.
This fact has lead Looca to take the utmost precautions in order to minimise the risk that a lightning strike will cause
damage to parts of the turbine. The lightning protection system of the Looca L50/800 kW wind turbine is therefore
designed according to the IEC-1024-1 standard.
If a lightning strikes the turbine blade or the nacelle, the advanced protection system will safely lead the lightning
current to the wind turbine earthing system, with minimum risk of damage to any part in the turbine.
The electrical and electronic components in the turbine are protected by means of varistors, and the turbine internal
communication is performed via optical fibre technique, which is immune to voltage peaks.
CONTROLLER
The wind turbine controller has two independent computers. The master-computer is located in the switchboard in the
bottom of the tower, and a slave is located in the nacelle. All inputs from sensors and transducers are collected and
assessed by the slave-computer and transmitted to the mastercomputer which supervises the overall operation of the
turbine.
The communication between the master and the slavecomputer is via optic fibre technology, which enables a reliable
and fast exchange of signals.
A large amount of data can be read from the display-board connected to the mastercomputer. A keyboard in the front of
the switchboard is utilised for changing between different read-outs and at the same time it can be utilised to change
parameter settings for the turbine if required.
REMOTE MONITORING
The Looca L50/800 kW wind turbine is fully prepared for remote monitoring and control. A telephone-connection is all
that is needed for this system to be functional. From a Personnel Computer a full range of data can be read from the
turbine.
In case of an error, the turbine controller automatically reports the event, and the data in the controller is stored so that
it is possible to see what happened just before, and when the error occured.
WIND TURBINE OPERATION
The Looca L50/800 kW wind turbine operates fully automatically.
This means that the turbine automatically starts (wind-start) when the wind speed reaches 3-4 m/s. When the
rotor/generator reaches synchronising speed, the generator is connected to the grid by a thyristor soft-connection. The
turbine produces electricity for supply to the grid, as long as the wind speed is between 3-25 m/s. At wind speeds
between approx. 3 and 7 m/s the 200 kW generator is connected to the grid, and at wind speeds between approx. 7
and 25 m/s, the 800 kW generator is connected to the grid. At wind speeds higher than 25 m/s, the turbine will be shut
down for safety reasons.
The turbine will automatically re-start after any shut down if no error is present. If the turbine has an error, this has to be
analysed and reset before the turbine starts up again.
11
Rotor
Type
Rotor diameter
Swept area
Power regulation
RPM
Cut-in / cut-out wind
Nominal output at
Survival wind speed
Calculated life time of turbine
Gear
Type
Manufacturer
Nominal load
Ratio
Oil-quantity
Blades
Manufacturer
Blade length
Material
Lightning protection
Generator
Nominal power
Type
Synchronous speed
Protection classification
Yaw system
Type
Yaw control
Controller
Type
Grid connection
Remote communication
UPS
Braking system
Aerodynamic, type
Aerodynamic, activation
Mechanical, type
Mechanical, location
Number of brake calibers
Time to stop rotor from max. RPM
Towers
Type
Tower heights
Corrosion protection
Weights
Nacelle, excl. rotor and hub
Rotor incl. hub
3-bladed, horizontal axis, upwind
50 m.
1.964 m2
Stall
23,7 / 15,3 RPM
3-4 / 25 m/s
15 m/s
70 m/s (IEC)
20 years
Combined, 3 stage gearbox. 1-stage planetary, 2-stage helical
Flender, Asug or similar
856 kW
02:03,6
75 l.
LM, or similar
23,3 m.
Fibreglass reinforced polyester
Included
800 / 200 kW
Asynchronous, water-cooled
1500 / 1000 RPM
IP 54
Active yawing, electrically
By windvane
Microprocessor, Looca RFC Controller
Via soft-power controller
Included
Included
Pivotable blade tips
By controller or hydraulic
Fail safe, hydraulical
On high speed shaft
1
App. 6 sec.
Tubular (cone-shaped)
46, 50 or 70 m.
Sandblasted and painted with 250 my epoxy-paint.
20,2 t.
15,2 t.
12
L60-13OOKW
DESIGN
The Looca L60/1300 kW is developed on the extensive and successful experience gained from the larger L54 and L60
wind turbines.
The L60/1300 kW wind turbine is designed as a 3-bladed, horizontal-axis, stall-regulated wind turbine.
The distinct use of high quality components and the choice of leading sub-suppliers, secures for the customer the
optimum choice for his investment.
The wind turbine is designed for a survival wind speed of 70 m/s according to IEC (65 m/s according to GL1). All
components are therefore dimensioned with a high safety factor, which secures a long lifetime of the entire turbine.
Each component is designed for much higher loads than it will normally be exposed to.
ROTOR
The Looca L60/1300 kW wind turbine has a rotor diameter of 50 m and a swept area of 1964 m2.
The hub is made of cast iron, which gives a strong and robust construction. Furthermore this material reduces
transferred noise from the rotor to the turbine structure.
The Looca L60/1300 kW turbine is stall-regulated, which means that the blades are fixed to the hub in a predetermined
tip-angle. The rotor is therefore generally maintenance free, and contains a minimum of moving mechanical parts which
could become worn during operation.
BLADES
The blades are manufactured by one of the worlds leading blade manufacturers, and are a development in which the
blade profile as well as the material are optimised. This is done in order to exploit the wind energy to a maximum, and
in order to reduce the blade surface and weight as much as possible, thereby reducing loads and stress in the entire
wind turbine.
The blades are manufactured primarily of fibreglass reinforced polyester. The surface is coated in a light grey colour in
order to prevent light reflections.
The blade tips are pivotable, and can be turned 85 degrees in relation to the rest of the blade, and thereby act as an
aerodynamic brake, and the primary braking system of the turbine. During normal operation of the turbine, the blade
tips are maintained in operational position by pressurised hydraulic cylinders, which are located in each blade-root.
If unintentionally the rotor should exceed the nominal rotational speed, or if hydraulic pressure is lost, the centrifugal
force will cause the blade tips to deploy, thereby slowing down the rotor and acting as a truly fail-safe system.
The blades are delivered as standard with a lightning protection system which, together with the overall lightning
protection system of the turbine, offers maximum security against damage caused by a lightning strike.
MAIN SHAFT
The main shaft is manufactured in alloy steel. It has a state of the art, 3-point support, with a solid spherical roller
bearing supporting the shaft at the rotor in order to absorb the rotor thrust. In the gearbox the shaft is supported by two
cylindrical roller bearings and the gearbox unit again rests on two supports. The shaft is connected to the gearbox by a
shrink-fit coupling.
GEARBOX
The gearbox is delivered by one of the leading gearbox manufacturers for the wind turbine industry. It is a custom
designed 3-stage gearbox with the first stage as high torque planetary gear and the second and third stages as helical
stages. The planetary stage is ideal for obtaining and transferring the rotor torques of the shaft, and is at the same time
a compact and robust design. The gearbox is fitted in two strong rubber bushings in order to dampen the noise and
load peaks, so that when extreme loads occur, the gearbox and bearings are protected against damage.
The gear oil is cooled by a heat exchanger, connected to the cooling system of the generator. Monitoring of the oil
temperature ensure that the oil reaches its optimum temperature as fast as possible, and at the same time is kept
constantly at the optimum temperature. The gears and bearings therefore obtain a constant and optimal lubrication.
13
GENERATOR
The generator is a doublewound 4/6-pole asynchronous machine with two seperate windings, and a nominal effect of
800 kW and 200 kW respectively. The generator is optimised for the highest efficiency at 3/4 load, which under most
wind conditions gives the optimum kWh production.
The generator is designed for insulation class F but is only operated to class B. This together with the efficient liquid
cooling of the generator, ensures an optimum operating temperature, which again prolongs the lifetime of the generator
considerably.
The cardan coupling to the gearbox provides a robust and low-maintenance solution.
YAW SYSTEM
The active yaw system which enables the wind turbine to be positioned correctly in the wind, is based on a 4-point-ballbearing slewing ring.
The yawing of the turbine is done by 2 planetary gears, which are each driven by a thyristor controlled electric driven
motor, resulting in the loading of the yaw gears being equally distributed.
The yaw brake consists of a large disk brake activated by 4 hydraulic brake calibers. Furthermore, each yaw gear has
a separate brake built into the fast stage.The complete system ensures a smooth yawing procedure, and that the
nacelle is fixed when the yawing is inactive. In this way we ensure that there is no load on the yaw gears and drives,
when the turbine is not yawing.
Two mutually independent wind vanes give signals to the master computer, which controls the yawing procedure of the
turbine.
The system ensures that the turbine is positioned correctly in the wind at all times, thereby resulting in the optimal
power production and minimum stress on the turbine drive train.
BRAKE SYSTEM
The Looca L60/1300 kW turbine has two independent braking systems. The primary system is the aerodynamic tipbrakes and the secondary system is the mechanical disk brake system which is located on the high speed shaft of the
gearbox. Both systems function fail-safe.
During normal operation of the turbine each blade tip is maintained in operational position by a pressurised hydraulic
cylinder located in the blade root. The release of the hydraulic pressure on the cylinders, intentionally or by a failure in
the system, will cause the tips to deploy and the rotor to decrease the rotational speed. When the rotor is slowed down
to a certain speed, the mechanical disk brake system is activated and the turbine is smoothly brought to a standstill.
The Looca wind turbines utilise a soft braking system on the mechanical brake. This means that the braking torque is
controlled according to a rampload-function, which reduces the strain on the drive train.
In this way the risk of pitting of the gearbox is minimised, and at the same time the torque in blades and drive train is
reduced.
During emergency braking both the aerodynamic and mechanical braking systems are activated simultaneously.
14
TOWER
The Looca L60/1300 kW wind turbine can be delivered with a conic-shaped steel tower with various hub heights.
The tower is equipped with internal ladder, safety wire, working platforms and light fixtures. The climbing to the nacelle
is from the inside of the tower.
The painting and corrosion protection is in accordance with ISO 12994 Class 5.
LIGHTNING PROTECTION
With the gradual increase in wind turbine tower height, the risk that the turbine could be hit by a lightning also
increases.
This fact has lead Looca to take the utmost precautions in order to minimise the risk that a lightning strike will cause
damage to parts of the turbine. The lightning protection system of the Looca L60/1300 kW wind turbine is therefore
designed according to the IEC-1024-1 standard.
If a lightning strikes the turbine blade or the nacelle, the advanced protection system will safely lead the lightning
current to the wind turbine earthing system, with minimum risk of damage to any part in the turbine.
The electrical and electronic components in the turbine are protected by means of varistors, and the turbine internal
communication is performed via optical fibre technique, which is immune to voltage peaks.
CONTROLLER
The wind turbine controller has two independent computers. The master-computer is located in the switchboard in the
bottom of the tower, and a slave is located in the nacelle. All inputs from sensors and transducers are collected and
assessed by the slave-computer and transmitted to the mastercomputer which supervises the overall operation of the
turbine.
The communication between the master and the slavecomputer is via optic fibre technology, which enables a reliable
and fast exchange of signals.
A large amount of data can be read from the display-board connected to the mastercomputer. A keyboard in the front of
the switchboard is utilised for changing between different read-outs and at the same time it can be utilised to change
parameter settings for the turbine if required.
REMOTE MONITORING
The Looca L60/1300 kW wind turbine is fully prepared for remote monitoring and control. A telephone-connection is all
that is needed for this system to be functional. From a Personnel Computer a full range of data can be read from the
turbine.
In case of an error, the turbine controller automatically reports the event, and the data in the controller is stored so that
it is possible to see what happened just before, and when the error occured.
WIND TURBINE OPERATION
The Looca L60/1300 kW wind turbine operates fully automatically.
This means that the turbine automatically starts (wind-start) when the wind speed reaches 3-4 m/s. When the
rotor/generator reaches synchronising speed, the generator is connected to the grid by a thyristor soft-connection. The
turbine produces electricity for supply to the grid, as long as the wind speed is between 3-25 m/s. At wind speeds
between approx. 3 and 7 m/s the 200 kW generator is connected to the grid, and at wind speeds between approx. 7
and 25 m/s, the 800 kW generator is connected to the grid. At wind speeds higher than 25 m/s, the turbine will be shut
down for safety reasons.
The turbine will automatically re-start after any shut down if no error is present. If the turbine has an error, this has to be
analysed and reset before the turbine starts up again.
15
Rotor
Type
Rotor diameter
Swept area
Power regulation
RPM
Cut-in / cut-out wind
Nominel output at
Survival windspeed
Calculated lifetime of turbine
Gear
Type
Manufacturer
Nominal load
Ratio
Oil-quantity
Blades
Manufacturer
Blade length
Material
Length of blade tip
Lightning protection
Generator
Nominel power
Type
Synchronous speed
Protection classification
Efficiency at 75 % load
3-bladed, horizontal axis, upwind
60 m.
2.828 m2
Stall
19 / 12,7 RPM
3,5 / 25 m/s.
15 m/s.
70 m/s (IEC)
20 years
Combined, 3-stage gearbox, 1-stage
planetary, 2-stage helical
Flender, or similar
1335 kW
02:19,7
230 l.
LM, Aerpac or similar.
29 m.
Carbon and glass fibre reinforced polyester,
or glass fibre reinforced epoxid-resin
3,8 m.
Included
1300/250 kW
Asynchronous, water-cooled
1515 / 1010 rpm
IP54
96,50%
Yawsystem
Type
Yaw control
Active yawing, electrically
By windvane
Yaw rate
0,6o per second
Controller
Type
Grid connection
Remote communication
UPS
Braking system
Aerodynamic, type
Microprocessor
Via soft-power controller
Included
Included
Pivotable blade tips
By controller or hydraulic. Passive
Areodynamic, activation
activation by centrifugal force at overspeed
Mechanical, type
Fail safe, hydraulical
Mechanical, location
On high speed shaft
Number of brake calibers
2
Time to bring rotor to rest from max. rpm App. 6 sec.
16
L80-250OKW OFFSHORE
DESIGN
The Looca L80/2500 kW wind turbine is a speed-variable wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 80 m. and a nominal
powwer of 2500 kW. The nacelle and rotor are designed for GL class 1. To regulate power, the blades are pitched
individually.
Our goal during the development of the L80/2500 kW wind turbine has been to develop a "multi megawatt-class" turbine
that is capable of producing electricity at the lowest price, and at the same time to maintain the excellent reliability
experienced from the L54/1000 and L60/1300 kW turbines.
ROTOR
The Looca L80/2500 kW wind turbine has a rotor diameter of 80 m and a swept area of 5.026 m2.
The rotor consists of three blades, the hub, turntables, and drives to change the blade pitch. The rotor blades are made
of glass-fibre reinforced polyester. The aerodynamic brake is formed by the blades which can be swivelled fully
perpendicular to the sense of rotation. The pitch drives are esigned with a fourfold redundancy. The blades are equipped
with a lightning protection system including a lightning receptor deflecting the lightning to the rotor hub.
MAIN SHAFT
The drive train consists of the rotor, shaft, the gearbox connected by a shrink-fit coupling, an elastic cardanic coupling,
and the generator. The main shaft is manufactured in alloy steel. It has a state of the art, 3-point support, with a solid
plummer block spherical roller bearing supporting the shaft at the rotor in order to absorb the rotor thrust. In the gearbox
the shaft is supported by two cylindrical roller bearings and the gearbox unit again rests on two supports.
GEARBOX
The gearbox is delivered by one of the leading gearbox manufacturers for the wind turbine industry. It is a custom
designed 2-stage planetary gearbox. The planetary gearbox is ideal for obtaining and transferring the rotor torques of
the shaft, and is at the same time a compact and robust design. The gearbox is fitted in two strong rubber bushings in
order to dampen the noise and load peaks, so that when extreme loads occur, the gearbox and bearings are protected
against damage.
The gearbox is cooled through an air-oil heat exchanger. The bearings are constantly splash lubricated. Monitoring of
the oil temperature ensure that the oil reaches its optimum temperature as fast as possible, and at the same time is
kept constantly at the optimum temperature. The gears and bearings therefore obtain a constant and optimal
lubrication.
GENERATOR
The generator is a doublefed asynchronous machine with a nominal power of 2500 kW. The generator is designed for
insulation class F but is only operated to class B. This together with the efficient liquid cooling of the generator,
ensures an optimum operating temperature, which again prolongs the lifetime of the generator considerably.
YAW SYSTEM
The active yaw system which enables the wind turbine to be positioned correctly in the wind, is a ball-bearing type.
The yawing of the turbine is done by 2 geared motors. The yaw brake consists of a large disk brake activated by
hydraulic brake calibers. Furthermore, each yaw gear has a separate brake built into the fast stage.The complete
system ensures a smooth yawing procedure, and that the nacelle is fixed when the yawing is inactive. In this way we
ensure that there is no load on the yaw gears and drives, when the turbine is not yawing.
Two mutually independent wind vanes give signals to the master computer, which controls the yawing procedure of the
turbine.
The system ensures that the turbine is positioned correctly in the wind at all times, thereby resulting in the optimal
power production and minimum stress on the turbine drive train.
17
BRAKE SYSTEM
The Looca L60/1300 kW turbine has two independent braking systems. The primary system is the pitch system and
the secondary system is the mechanical disk brake system which is located on the high speed shaft of the gearbox.
Both systems function fail-safe.The pitch adjustment is done independently and redundantly on each blade.A backup
system is available for the blade pitch, as in case of a voltage drop energy storage devices are activated to swivel the
blades perpendicular to the direction of rotation.
The mechanical brake system exerts a torque equivalend to 1.2-fold of the nominal torque. The brake supports the
braking by the rotor blades and brings the rotor to halt. The mechanical brake is also used to secure the rotor for
engineering and maintenance.
When the rotor is slowed down to a certain speed via the pitch mechanism, the mechanical disk brake system is
activated and the turbine is smoothly brought to a standstill.
The Looca wind turbines utilise a soft braking system on the mechanical brake. This means that the braking torque is
controlled according to a rampload-function, which reduces the strain on the drive train.
In this way the risk of pitting of the gearbox is minimised, and at the same time the torque in blades and drive train is
reduced.
During emergency braking both the aerodynamic and mechanical braking systems are activated simultaneously.
By activation of the mechanical brake, the brake torque is controlled according to a rampload-function.
After completed braking procedure, the system is activated by maximum torque to keep the rotor at standstill.
TOWER
The Looca L80/2500 kW wind turbine can be delivered with a conic-shaped steel tower with various hub heights.
The tower is equipped with internal ladder, safety wire, working platforms and light fixtures. The climbing to the nacelle
is from the inside of the tower.
The painting and corrosion protection is in accordance with ISO 12944 Class 5.
LIGHTNING PROTECTION
With the gradual increase in wind turbine tower height, the risk that the turbine could be hit by a lightning also
increases.
This fact has lead Looca to take the utmost precautions in order to minimise the risk that a lightning strike will cause
damage to parts of the turbine. The lightning protection system of the Looca L80/2500 kW wind turbine is therefore
designed according to the IEC-1024-1 standard.
If a lightning strikes the turbine blade or the nacelle, the advanced protection system will safely lead the lightning
current to the wind turbine earthing system, with minimum risk of damage to any part in the turbine.
The electrical and electronic components in the turbine are protected by means of varistors, and the turbine internal
communication is performed via optical fibre technique, which is immune to voltage peaks.
18
CONTROLLER
The wind turbine is controlled by a programmable logic controller analysing the data from the sensors of the turbine and
environment and generating the control signals for the wind turbine.
A large amount of data can be read from the display-board. The display is of a touch-screen type and is also utilised for
changing between different read-outs and at the same time can be utilised to change parameter settings for the turbine
if required.
Grid connection of the Looca L80/2500 kW is through an IGBT converter based on the principle of the asnchronous
generator. The power-factor correction can be adjusted to a value of 0.9 to 0.99 inductive at the IGBT converter. With
this system the starting current ratio can be limited to a value of about 1.
REMOTE MONITORING
The Looca L80/2500 kW wind turbine is fully prepared for remote monitoring and control. A telephone-connection (ISDN
or analog) is all that is needed for this system to be functional. From a Personnel Computer a full range of data can be
read from the turbine. Through the remote monitoring system numerous parameters can be read from the turbine, such
as energy production, wind speed, wind direction, temperatures, hydraulic pressure, etc. Moreover, certain basic
functions of the wind turbine can be activated this way.
In case of an error, the turbine controller automatically reports the event, and the data in the controller is stored so that
it is possible to see what happened just before, and when the error occured.
WIND TURBINE OPERATION
The Looca L80/2500 kW wind turbine operates fully automatically.
This means that the turbine automatically starts (wind-start) when the wind speed reaches 3-4 m/s. When the
rotor/generator gains speed, the generator is connected to the grid via a IGBT converter. The turbine produces
electricity for supply to the grid, as long as the wind speed is between 3-25 m/s. At wind speeds higher than 25 m/s,
the turbine will be shut down for safety reasons.
The turbine will automatically re-start after any shut down if no error is present. If the turbine has an error, this has to be
analysed and reset before the turbine starts up again.
19
Human Resources Issues
Recruitment
By studying the social and economic relationships, we notice that India is a decentralized
country where Hindus are classified into eight castes, which determines the standard of living
and the social rank. So, a Hindu who belongs to a lower caste cannot be employed in a higher
hierarchical level than a Hindu who belongs to a higher caste.
Moreover, the Central Government of New-Delhi has set up some quotas for the employment
in order to reduce this hierarchical caste system.
Then, LOOCA proposes to employ a Hindu Human Resources Director to run the employees
according to the governmental quotas and the caste system. To allow him the greatest choice,
the HRD will belong to the highest caste as far as it is possible.
To help the HRD, LOOCA will supply technical forms and responsibility profiles.
Training
LOOCA wants to hire Hindu people as workforce, as technicians and as managers.
Thus, LOOCA proposes two axes of training for the JV:
! An “intra muros” training
! A training in collaboration with the University of Ahmedabad
The “intra muros” training would be set up to train, quickly and efficiently, specialized
technicians hired by the HRD. These technicians would work for the maintenance and the
control of the site. LOOCA will be responsible for this training by affecting, temporarily,
European managers and skilful technicians. The training in collaboration with the University of
Ahmedabad is in the frame of an expansion prospect.
We think the JV could develop others sites of wind farms, using this trained workforce.
Moreover, this qualified workforce is important too, to ensure the turnover in Gujarat.
The partnership would contain agreements for work placements, training periods and punctual
interventions in the course, by the Hindus managers of the JV. It is a course about the
maintenance techniques and the management of a wind power farm.
The know-how aspect of the training will be given only in the “intra muros” course.
Authorizations and governmental helps
Gujarat Power Corporation Limited
LOOCA thinks it is useful to use the services proposed by GPC Ltd to facilitate the integration’s
plant:
!
!
!
!
!
!
Acting as a nodal agency for increasing power generating capacity through private sector
participation
Preparing techno-economic feasibility reports
Obtaining approvals from statutory and non-statutory authorities to prepare Power System
Master Plan for the State.
Obtains land and site clearances
Commissions environmental-related studies and clearances including
oceanographic/hydrological studies, soil testing etc.
Undertakes documentation and negotiation of PPA FSA and IA
20
The Government of Gujarat
The Government of Gujarat has given highest priority to the development of power sector.
The State in its new 'Power Policy' proposes to encourage private sector participation in
the field of power-generation transmission and distribution. It will also facilitate setting up
of captive power units by different industrial units. The State seeks to identify its power
system needs and the means to fulfill the same through a comprehensive 'Power System
Master Plan'.
In the transmission sector the state power-grid will be maintained by Gujarat Electricity
Board who will take the help of private sector in augmenting the capacities of transmission
grid. It also seeks to rationalize power tariffs and duty through an Independent Statutory
Tariff Regulatory Commission.
For the land allotment and the approval for the project, LOOCA will produce a project
addressed to the State Electricity Board. Moreover, LOOCA will make an application for the
certification at the Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources.
Concerning the connection to the national grid, we will make a proposal to the
government for Power Purchase Agreement (PPA).
Incentives and subsidies
Wind power technology is aided by a variety of fiscal and other support measures.
The government: Gujarat Electricity Board (GEB)
! tax concession: 100% accelerated depreciation
! tax holidays
! simplified loans
Subsidies and free advances from major financial institutions as:
! The Industrial Development Bank of India
! Industrial Corporation of India
! Power Finance Corporation
For the financing aspect a Business Plan and an Executive Summary will be written
and addressed to the competent authorities.
Communication
LOOCA is aware of the reticence of the population about the settlement of a wind
power farm. So, we plan to lead a great communication policy around the site.
Our targets would be:
! Universities
! People who live closed to the wind farm
! Existing industries and companies
Communication media:
!
!
!
Public conference
Press release
Statement to the local press on the procedure for the
21
Integration: facilities, social and environmental aspects
We have studied the site of Gujarat, and LOOCA will construct the wind farm on the sea, near "Gandhi
Dam", where the control installation will be implanted (cf carte du site 1 et 2).
22
The integration of the Wind Energy Generators (WEGs) could be made by service engineers of
LOOCA. The company will propose a service team based near installations for monitoring the
performance of the WEGs and to ensure maximum production and maintenance.
Facility aspects of the integration
!
!
!
!
!
First, we can organize a boat with all infrastructures (detached-tools, platforms for
construction…) for easy assembly of the farm. The raw materials could be brought from
Europe with this ship. Also, this site's project would be cheaper than another with air
transport.
The plant will be at 1 mile of the coasts,
There is a harbor near the site, the maintenance of the sites will be easy to organize.
There is an excellent road network (length exceeding 72,000 kms linking all the regions of
the State of the Gujarat roads), which allows electrical collection lines to be placed
underground, for connection to the State Grid.
The site of "Gandhi Dam" has the chance to have a very good wind frequency and wind
power
23
Social and environmental aspects of the integration
! The second reason for this site, is for social and environmental aspects. The interaction
between local people and the wind mill will be very restrictive. The noise and the visual
impact of the farm, will not disturb the population, and the landscape will not be
destroyed too. Indeed, the plant will be set up at 1 mile of the coasts. Then there are few
risks of social rejection.
! The Impacts on birds and other local wildlife will be reduced on the sea, because few
species are concerned.. Finally, there cannot be any soil erosion, of course.
! LOOCA prevails to keep the site safe by protecting the access of the wind mill and the
iti
t ffi
24
Terms of agreement
We bring in the capital:
!
!
!
25% for the financing of the project,
20% for the financing of equipment
25% for the equipment conception
To achieve the 40% of the capital, LOOCA will complete its (apport) by its own money.
In equity, LOOCA bring 60% of the ownership.
We proposed for the JV board of directors:
- 2 LOOCA executives (CEO and a policy liaison officer)
- 1 IWVC executive (COO)
- 1 IWVC environmental engineer
- 1 LOOCA engineer for development of plans
- 1 JV engineer for development of plans*
- 1 LOOCA for technical consulting
- 1 JV for technical consulting*
- 1 LOOCA production manager
- 1 JV production manager*
- 1 academic from University of Ahmedabad, in the frame of our partnership.
* : the second manager will be trained by the courses of LOOCA (cf.Human resources)
Our product is :
!
The construction, the implementation of the wind farm and the conception of the raw
materials and the transport. This work should be paid by the JV to LOOCA.
!
The wind mill maintenance (the detached tools necessary for the maintenance must be
bought to the LOOCA company)
!
The guaranty of the tools is 5 years, we propose a subcontract maintenance program, to
ensure the guarantee of the tools.
!
The local workforce training
!
The profits of JV will be distributed depending on the capital investment percentages and
the energy production, so 40 % for LOOCA.
25
FINANCIAL PACKAGE
1- Indian needs
To introduce the cost analysis and the financial aspects, we are going to expose in a quick
summary the needs of the Indian government.
The wind power farm is a direct appliance to the indian electric network. The goal of this
project is to provide Indian people with “ cheap ” electric power and to generalize this type of
electricity generation, which now costs less and is ecological.
So, our proposal incorporates all these criteria and also has an ecological dimension. This
ecological dimension of the project is a wind power farm built in the sea off the Gujarat state
coast. Nevertheless ecology has a price and the costs will be more important than a landproject, because of studies such as the environmental estimation, the wind power estimation,
the foundations…
2- The costs analysis
The following chart will expose the detailed aspects of the costs analysis.
This chart is divided into three parts. The first one is a project with only three wind power
L50/800KW towers, the second one is a five wind power L60/1300KW towers project and the
third one is a L80/2500KW towers. With this alternative, you can choose the landscape
configuration.
For the detail of the costs analysis properly, there are five different parts.
!
!
!
!
!
the feasibility study
the engineering
the energetic equipment
the allied infrastructures
the other costs
the feasibility study
This sub-part of the chart is the same in the two propositions, because the feasibility study is a
general study of the landscape, of the ground, of the environment and of the wind potential.
the engineering
About the engineering, the costs of mechanical and electrical conception are different, because
in the case of the three wind power towers project, those costs are more important than in
the second proposal in reason of the size of the towers for safety.
Nevertheless, the supervision of the building site is longer in the case of the five towers
project, because there are more foundations to do and the electric network is much greater.
So technicians will spend more time in the supervision of the building site.
the energetic equipment
In this part is detailed the energetic equipment. As there are only three towers in the first
proposal, they are bigger and their manufacturing costs are more important. Nevertheless the
advantage of such a suggestion is to reduce the occupied area, and you could upgrade the
farm with other towers in the future to develop more important electricity generation.
The spare parts are a ratio of the general cost of the tower and there is a five year warranty
26
The transportation of the tower is directly linked with the size, the volume and with the weight
of the towers. The trip will be done by ship to Gandhidam Harbour and then by trucks.
the allied infrastructures
These costs are also directly linked to the nature of the towers, the number of towers,
foundations and installation aspects. Then the other costs are the same, because you only
need one electric network and also only one maintenance building.
the other costs
First of all for the interest and for the unexpected costs, there are ratios linked with the cost of
the general project.
For the training, it is very important to have very skilled technicians and operators on the site
to ensure the maintenance of the wind power farm. A 18-day training course is the best way
for six technicians and three operators to be completely operational to keep clear the
maintenance of the site. This training is parallel to the one we suggested to you to ensure is
available in the University near to the site.
The salient features of the financial packages available in the country for setting
up Wind Farm Projects are given below :
!
M/s. Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) advances loans upto 75% of
the total project cost under the Project Financing Scheme repayabvle in 10 years including
1 year moratorium @ 13.50% diminishing rate of interest.IREDA advances loan upto 80%
of the equipment cost under equipment financing scheme repayable in 10 years including
1 year moratorium @ 14.50% diminishing rate of interest.
!
M/s. Industrial Credit & Investment Corporation of India Ltd. (ICICI) advances loans upto
90% of the project cost repayable in 5 years @ 15.4% diminishing rate of interest
excluding co-acceptance charges.
!
M/s. Small Industries Development Bank of India Ltd. (SIDBI) advances loan upto 90% of
the project cost repayable in 5 years @ 14% diminishing rate of interest excluding coacceptance charges.
27
Costs Analysis - Wind power Farm
L60-1300KW Wind Tower Model
Investment Costs
Feasibility Study
Site inspection
Wind potential estimation
Environmental estimation
First conception
Detailed cost estimation
Report preparation
Project management
Travel and accommodation
Other costs
Item
Quantity
Cost/Item
Amount
day-person
meteorological tool
d-p
d-p
d-p
d-p
d-p
trip-person
-
4
2
5
12
12
9
6
4
1
$500
$18 000
$500
$500
$500
$500
$500
$2 500
$1 800
Sub-total: Engineering
Wind power tower localisation
Mechanical conception
Electrical conception
Civil Engineering
Work supervision
d-p
d-p
d-p
d-p
year-person
$71 800
35
45
65
15
0,4
$500
$500
$500
$500
$130 000
Sub-total: Energetic equipments
Wind power tower
Spare parts
Transport
wind power tower
%
wind power tower
wind power tower
wind power tower
miles
project
building
project
3
3%
3
$1 300 000
$3 900 000
$2 000
d-p
%
%
3
3
1,50
1
1
1
$58 000
$41 000
$45 000
$650 000
$40 000
$16 000
$174 000
$123 000
$67 500
$650 000
$40 000
$16 000
$1 070 500
18
3,8%
5%
$650
$5 297 300
$5 297 300
$11 700
$201 297
$264 865
$477 862
Sub-total: $3 900 000
$117 000
$6 000
$4 023 000
Sub-total: Other costs
Training
Interest
Unexpected costs
$17 500
$22 500
$32 500
$7 500
$52 000
$132 000
Sub-total: Allied infrastructures
Wind power tower foundation
Wind power tower erection
Approaches
Network and transformer
Maintenance building
Transport
$2 000
$36 000
$2 500
$6 000
$6 000
$4 500
$3 000
$10 000
$1 800
Total Investment Cost:
$5 775 162
28
Costs Analysis - Wind power Farm
L60-800KW Wind Tower Model
Investment Costs
Feasibility Study
Site inspection
Wind potential estimation
Environmental estimation
First conception
Detailed cost estimation
Report preparation
Project management
Travel and accommodation
Other costs
Item
Quantity
day-person
meteorological tool
d-p
d-p
d-p
d-p
d-p
trip-person
-
4
2
5
12
12
9
6
4
1
Cost/Item
Amount
$500
$18 000
$500
$500
$500
$500
$500
$2 500
$1 800
Sub-total:
Engineering
Wind power tower localisation
Mechanical conception
Electrical conception
Civil Engineering
Work supervision
$71 800
d-p
d-p
d-p
d-p
year-person
35
30
50
15
0,6
$500
$500
$500
$500
$130 000
Sub-total:
Energetic equipments
Wind power tower
Spare parts
Transport
5
3%
5
$800 000
$4 000 000
$1 250
Sub-total:
Allied infrastructures
Wind power tower foundation
Wind power tower erection
Approaches
Network and transformer
Maintenance building
Transport
5
5
$46 000
$27 000
$45 000
$650 000
$40 000
$16 000
1,50
1
1
1
Sub-total:
Other costs
Training
Interest
Unexpected costs
18
3,8%
5%
Sub-total: $230 000
$135 000
$67 500
$650 000
$40 000
$16 000
$1 138 500
d-p
%
%
$4 000 000
$120 000
$6 250
$4 126 250
wind power tower
wind power tower
miles
project
building
project
$17 500
$15 000
$25 000
$7 500
$78 000
$143 000
wind power tower
%
wind power tower
$2 000
$36 000
$2 500
$6 000
$6 000
$4 500
$3 000
$10 000
$1 800
$650
$5 479 550
$5 479 550
Total Investment Cost:
$11 700
$208 223
$273 978
$493 900
$5 973 450
29
Costs Analysis - Wind power Farm
L80-2500KW Wind Tower Model
Investment Costs
Feasibility Study
Site inspection
Wind potential estimation
Environmental estimation
First conception
Detailed cost estimation
Report preparation
Project management
Travel and accommodation
Other costs
Item
Quantity
Cost/Item
Amount
day-person
meteorological tool
d-p
d-p
d-p
d-p
d-p
trip-person
-
4
2
5
12
12
9
6
4
1
$500
$18 000
$500
$500
$500
$500
$500
$2 500
$1 800
Sub-total: Engineering
Wind power tower localisation
Mechanical conception
Electrical conception
Civil Engineering
Work supervision
d-p
d-p
d-p
d-p
year-person
$71 800
35
30
50
15
0,6
$500
$500
$500
$500
$130 000
Sub-total: Energetic equipments
Wind power tower
Spare parts
Transport
wind power tower
%
wind power tower
wind power tower
wind power tower
miles
project
building
project
1
3%
1
$5 000 000
$5 000 000
$1 250
d-p
%
%
1
1
1,50
1
1
1
$46 000
$27 000
$45 000
$650 000
$40 000
$16 000
$46 000
$27 000
$67 500
$650 000
$40 000
$16 000
$846 500
18
3,8%
5%
Sub-total: $5 000 000
$150 000
$1 250
$5 151 250
Sub-total: Other costs
Training
Interest
Unexpected costs
$17 500
$15 000
$25 000
$7 500
$78 000
$143 000
Sub-total: Allied infrastructures
Wind power tower foundation
Wind power tower erection
Approaches
Network and transformer
Maintenance building
Transport
2 000 $
$36 000
$2 500
$6 000
$6 000
$4 500
$3 000
$10 000
$1 800
Total Investment Cost:
$650
$6 212 550
$6 212 550
$11 700
$236 077
$310 628
$558 404
$6 770 954