Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: J0324/Sistem e-Bisnis
: 2005
: 02/02
Pertemuan 19
Understanding e-SCM
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• menunjukkan strategi penerapan e-SCM
2
Outline Materi
•
•
•
•
The Basics of e-SCM
Internet-Enabled e-SCM
Management Issues in e-SCM
Evolution of e-SCM
3
Supply Chain Definitions
• Flow of materials, information,
payments, and services, from suppliers
through factories and warehouses, to
end customers
• Includes all organizations and
processes that create and deliver
products, information, and services to
the end customers
• Supply chain management - planning,
organizing, coordinating, and controlling
all activities in the supply chain
4
Simplified Supply Chain
Internal
Upstream
material
Suppliers
information
money
Organization’s
production
processes, including
materials handling,
inventory
management,
manufacturing,
quality control
Downstream
Distributors
Retailers
Customers
5
Types of Supply Chains
•
Integrated Make-to-Stock
– Real-time demand tracking triggers production to
restock finished goods
•
Continuous Replenishment
– Constant inventory replenishment based on
expected stable demand
•
Build-to-Order
– Customer order triggers production of specific
item(s) requested
•
Channel Assembly
– Build-to-order with some assembly performed
within the distribution channel
6
Global Supply Chains
• Many economic factors promote
extending the supply chain globally
• E-commerce enables global supply
chains
• Global supply chains are longer and
more complex
• Use of information technology essential
7
Problems in the Supply Chain
• How much are we going to sell?
(demand forecasts)
• How long will it take? (for supplies to
arrive; shipments to be received)
• What if the supplies are defective?
(quality control)
• What if my order gets lost or
miscommunicated?
8
More Problems in the Supply Chain
• Bullwhip Effect
– Wild swings in orders due to lack of
coordination and trust among supply chain
members
– Information sharing is essential
• Phantom Stockouts
– Inventory is reportedly not available, when
in fact it is on hand
9
Overcoming Supply Chain Problems
• Vertical Integration
– Own everything upstream and downstream
• Stockpile Inventory
– Eliminate risk and uncertainty by hoarding
massive inventories; very expensive
• Improve Supply Chain Management
– Build trust and coordination through IT
enabled supply chain support
10
How IT Supports the Supply Chain
• Material Requirements Planning (MRP)
– Early model that integrated production,
purchasing, and inventory management
• Manufacturing Resource Planning
(MRP II)
– MRP plus financial and labor planning
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
– Extension to entire enterprise, plus
external business partners
• In short, Integration is the key
11
How IT Supports the Supply Chain
• Integrated Value Chain
– Multiple enterprises within a shared market
channel collaborate throughout the entire
shared chain to enhance perceived
customer value
– Chain members act as an extended
enterprise
– Benefits to each chain member occur as
entire chain is optimised
– Idealized goal only achieved in a few
cases at present
12
How IT Supports the Supply Chain
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Systems
– Initially focused on integrating all
departments and functions within an
organization
– Recently have extended to suppliers and
customers
– Focus was on transaction processing, not
decision support and continuous planning
13
How IT Supports the Supply Chain
• Supply Chain Management (SCM)
Software
– Standalone software targeting the planning
and decision making needed for supply
chain management
• Integrated ERP and SCM
– Build linkages between ERP package and
SCM package
– Extend ERP to incorporate needed SCM
functions
– Addition of business intelligence (analysis)
14
Extending Supply Chain through eCommerce
• Upstream
– Change procurement methods
• Internal
– Use of intranet to enhance internal
processes
• Downstream
– Alter (streamline) selling practices through
direct Web selling, auctions, or exchanges
15
•
Source
: Turban, Efraim, R. Kelly
Rainer and Richard E. Potter (2003).
Introduction to Information
Technology. Second Edition. John Wiley
& Sons, Inc. PPT for Chapter : 10
16