Matakuliah : J0084 / Introduction to Management
and Business
Tahun
: 2007
Versi
:1/3
Pertemuan 2 (Second Meeting)
Management Yesterday
and Today
Halaman 1
Learning Outcome
Student should be able to explain the
development Of management, and also
understand current trends and management
issues -> C3
Halaman 2
Learning Outline
• Historical Background of Management
• Scientific Management
• General Administrative Theory
• Quantitative Approach
• Toward Understanding Organizational
Behavior
• The System Approach
• The Contingency Approach
• Currents Trends and Issues
Halaman 3
1. Historical Background of Management
Management Theories
Historical
Back
Ground
Scientific
Management
Early Example
Of
Management
Adam Smith
Industrial
Revolution
Quantitative
Approach
System
Approach
General
Organizational Contingency
Administrative
Behavior
Approach
Theory
Early
Advocates
Hawthorne
Studies
Halaman 4
2. Scientific Management
a. Frederick W.Taylor
a) Develop a science for each element of an
individual’s work, which will replace the old
rule of thumb method
b) Scientifically select and then train, teach,
and develop the worker
c) Heartily cooperate with the workers so as
to ensure that all work is done in
accordance with the principles
of the
science that has been developed
d) Divide work and responsibility almost
equally between management and workers.
Halaman 5
b. Frank Gilbreth
c. Lilian Gilbreth
Studied work to eliminate inefficient hand-and
-body motions.
Invented a device called a microchronometer.
Halaman 6
2. General Administrative Theory
a. Henry Fayol
Fayol’s Principle of Management:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Division of work
Authority
Discipline
Unity of command
Unity of direction
Subordination of
individual interests to
the general interest
Remuneration
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
Centralization
Scalar chain
Order
Equity
Stability of tenure
of personnel
m) Initiative
n) Esprit de corps
Halaman 7
b. Max Weber
Weber’s Ideal Bureaucracy:
a) Division of labor
b) Authority hierarchy
c) Formal Selection
d) Formal rules and
regulation
e) Impersonality
f) Career orientation
Halaman 8
3. Quantitative Approach to Management
a) Robert Mc.Namara
b) Charles “Tex” Thornton
Involves the use of quantitative techniques
to improve decision making.
This approach has been called:
Operation research or Management science
1)Using statistical method & quantitative models
2)Linear programming - to improve resource
allocation decisions
3) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
Halaman 9
4. Toward Understanding Organizational Behavior
a. Early Advocates:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Robert Owen
Hugo Munsterberg
Mary Parker Follert
Chester Barnard
b. The Hawthorne Studies
Halaman 10
5. The Systems Approach
Environment
System
Transformation
Input
Process
Raw Materials Employees’ work
Human
activities
resources
Management
Capital
activities
Technology
Technology and
Information
operation methods
Feedback
Environment
Output
Products and
services
Financial
results
Information
Human
results
Halaman 11
6. The Contingency Approach
1)
2)
3)
4)
Organization Size
Routineness of Task Technology
Environmental Uncertainty
Individual Differences
Halaman 12
7. Current Trends and Issues
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Globalization
Ethics
Workforce Diversity
Entrepreneurship
Managing In an E-Business World
Knowledge Management and Learning
Organization
7) Quality Management
Halaman 13