NUTRIENTS AND LIVING SYSTEMS
Body fluids in the adult human are distributed amongst three main fluid compartments:
1) Inside Cells -->____________________________
2) Space between cells
(Interstitial Space) -->____________________________
3) Inside Blood Vessels -->___________________________
These compartments contain several different kinds of molecules
and ions...______________________________________________
Fig. 10.1 p. 402
Nutrients - are the _____________________ in the food you eat that help your body perform all its
functions
- they are the raw materials your body uses for _____________________________________
There are 6 types of nutrients in food:
1. _____________________________
2. _____________________________
3. _____________________________
4. _____________________________
5. _____________________________
6. _____________________________
MACRONUTRIENTS: body needs them in large
quantity daily
MICRONUTRIENTS: body needs them in lesser
amount daily
Macromolecules:
- Organic molecules
- Large molecules made up of ___________________________ (subunits) that are linked together
- Must be broken down into smaller subunits before being _________________________________ by
the body
4 major categories of macromolecules:
1) ____________________ 2) ____________________ 3) ___________________ 4) ___________________
Essential nutrients: nutrients that cannot be made by the body, and must therefore be ___________
___________________________________________.
Carbohydrates:
Proteins:
Lipids:
Nucleic Acid:
BREAKING DOWN MACROMOLECULES: ENZYMES
Hydrolysis:
Chemical reaction in which _______________ breaks
macromolecules into smaller molecules (into their subunits).
Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids all need to be broken down by
hydrolysis
_______________________________________________.
Enzymes:
Proteins that ___________________________________________ chemical reactions such as hydrolysis.
Large macromolecules must be broken down to into their smallest subunits in order to pass through
___________________________ in the body (eg. small intestines), and be ______________________into the blood so
that they can be used by the entire body.
VITAMINS
- Organic nutrients that regulate your body processes (such as ___________________________,
_________________ and ________________________) and enable chemical reactions to occur.
- They are found naturally in _____________________________________.
Two types of vitamins: __________________________ and ______________________________.
- Water-soluble (eg. Vits _____ and _____) cannot be stored in your body and thus, should
be included in your diet.
- Fat-soluble (eg. vits _____, ______, ______, and _____) can be stored in the fatty tissue of
your
body for future use.
MINERALS
Vitamin
Key Functions in the Body
- Inorganic nutrients that perform many different tasks (eg. ________________ and
______________)
and enable _________________________________ to occur. They are found naturally in many
foods.
Mineral
Key Functions in the Body
WATER
- One, if not the, most important nutrient
- An average adult produces ______________ of urine per day and loses 1 litre of water through normal
cellular
and body activities (eg.________________, _______________, ____________ and
_________________________).
- In the human body, water:
· transports dissolved nutrients into the intestinal cells
· flushes toxins from cells
· lubricates tissues and joints
· makes up the bulk of essential body fluids (eg. blood)
·
·
·
regulates body temperature (sweat)
eliminates waste materials (urine and
sweat)
it makes up the bulk of blood