PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS (Summary #1)
Crystal Type
Property
Hardness and
malleability
Melting and
boiling points
Electrical and
thermal
conductivity
Solubility
Examples
Metallic
_____________
hardness,
malleable rather
than __________
Very __________,
dependent on # of
__________
electrons
_______ in all
states
___________
except in other
__________ to
form ________
Ionic
Covalent Network
(Giant Covalent)
Simple
Molecular
Covalent
Usually ______
and malleable
unless _________
bonded
_______ m.p 
usually under
_______ ºC
Hard, but
_____________
__________ hard, but
brittle
________m.p. 
usually over
______ ºC
_______ high m.p. 
usually over _______
ºC
Do _____ conduct
as __________,
but do conduct
when __________
or in
___________
More soluble in
water than other
solvents
Do not conduct in any
state (___________
and ______________
are exceptions).
Do _____ conduct
in any state
___________ in all
solvents
More soluble in
non-aqueous
solvents [e.g.
NH3(l)], unless
they can hydrogen
bond to water
SUMMARY #2
IONIC
COMPOUNDS
POLAR
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
NON-POLAR
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
GIANT
COVALENT
Volatility
Solubility in polar
solvent, e.g. water
Solubility increases
as polarity
______________
Solubility in nonpolar solvent, e.g.
hexane
Solubility increases
as polarity
_______________
Electrical
Conductivity
Conduct when
___________(l) or
dissolved in
____________(aq)
Non-conductors
except _________,
___________ and
semi-conductivity
of _________ and
(molecular)
____________ (C60)
Definitions:
(i) VOLATILE  A substance is volatile if it evaporates at a low temperature (under 100°C). [*e.g. Acetone (CH3COCH3) and gasoline are
volatile liquids.]
(ii) SEMICONDUCTOR  A solid substance that has a conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals, either due to the
addition of an impurity or because of temperature effects.