Chapter 2: Chemical
Compounds and Bonding
2.1: Ionic Compounds
Ionic Compounds
• Metal + Non-Metal
• Made up of ions held together by an ionic bond
• Electron transfer from metal to non-metal
• Eg: aluminum nitride (AlN)
Ionic Compounds
Bonding diagrams
• Use Lewis dot diagrams to show e- transfer and
formation of ions
• Follow the octet rule!
• Steps: 1) Draw the Lewis-Dot diagram of each atom
2) Show electron transfer using arrows
3) Add atoms and continue transferring until
everything is stable
4) Draw the ions that have formed
The Formation of Ionic Compounds
Example One: Potassium + Chlorine
Example Two: Calcium + Oxygen
Example Three: Sodium + Sulfur
Ionic Compounds
Structure
• Form a crystalline lattice – ions arrange themselves
into a 3D grid of repeating units
Ionic Compounds
Properties
Property
Reason
Hard
Bonds resist being stretched
Ionic Compounds
Properties
Property
Reason
Hard
Bonds resist being stretched
Brittle
Due to breaking of crystal lattice structure
Ionic Compounds
Properties
Property
Reason
Hard
Bonds resist being stretched
Brittle
Due to breaking of crystal lattice structure
High melting and boiling
points
Ionic bonds are extremely strong and hard to break
(changing states involves breaking these bonds)
Ionic Compounds
Properties
Property
Reason
Hard
Bonds resist being stretched
Brittle
Due to breaking of crystal lattice structure
High melting and boiling
points
Ionic bonds are extremely strong and hard to break
(changing states involves breaking these bonds)
Conduct electricity as
molten liquids, not as solids
Ions are free to move when molten
Ionic Compounds
Properties
Property
Reason
Hard
Bonds resist being stretched
Brittle
Due to breaking of crystal lattice structure
High melting and boiling
points
Ionic bonds are extremely strong and hard to break
(changing states involves breaking these bonds)
Conduct electricity as
molten liquids, not as solids
Ions are free to move when molten
Are electrolytes (Conduct
electricity when dissolved in
water)
Water separates the crystal lattice into individual
ions. When an ionic solid dissolves, it breaks apart
into positive and negative ions that are free to move
creating a current
Read Page 59 & complete #1 on
page 58 & #1-8 on page 60