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Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
Skeletal System: Appendicular Skeleton
• Consists of scapula and
clavicle
• Clavicle articulates with
sternum (Sternoclavicular
joint)
• Clavicle articulates with
scapula
(Acromioclavicular joint)
• Scapula held in place by
muscle only
• Upper limb attached to
pectoral girdle at
shoulder (Glenohumeral
joint)
• Pectoral girdle
• Pelvic girdle
• Upper limbs
• Lower limbs
8-1
Clavicle (collarbone)
8-2
Anterior Surface of Scapula
• S-shaped bone with two curves
• Extends from sternum to scapula above 1st rib
• Subscapular fossa – muscle attachment
• Coracoid process for muscle attachment
8-3
8-4
Upper Extremity
Posterior Surface of Scapula
• Scapular spine ends as acromion process
• Glenoid cavity forms shoulder joint with head of
humerus (Glenohumaeral joint)
• Supraspinous & infraspinous fossa for muscular
attachments
8-5
• Each upper limb = 30 bones
– humerus within the arm
– ulna & radius within the
forearm
– carpal bones within the wrist
– metacarpal bones within the
palm
– phalanges in the fingers
• Joints: shoulder
(glenohumeral), elbow, wrist,
metacarpophalangeal,
interphalangeal
8-6
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Humerus --- Distal End
Humerus --- Proximal End
• Part of shoulder
joint
• Head & anatomical
neck
• Greater & lesser
tubercles for
muscle
attachments
• Intertubercular
sulcus or bicipital
groove
• Deltoid tuberosity
• Body (Shaft)
• Forms elbow joint w/
ulna and radius
• Capitulum
– articulates with
head of radius
• Trochlea
- articulates with
the ulna
• Medial epicondyle
• Lateral epidcondyle
8-7
Ulna & Radius --- Proximal End
8-8
Ulna & Radius --- Proximal end
•Ulna (on little finger
side)
– trochlear notch
articulates with
humerus & radial
notch with radius
– olecranon
process = point
of elbow
• Radius (on thumb side)
– head articulates
with capitulum of
humerus & radial
notch of ulna
8-9
Elbow Joint - Review
8-10
Ulna and Radius – Distal end
Radioulnar joint
•
•
•
•
Articulation of humerus with ulna and radius
Ulna articulates with trochlea of humerus
Radius articulates with capitulum of humerus
Interosseous membrane between ulna & radius
provides site for muscle attachment
8-11
• Ulna - head separated from wrist joint by
fibrocartilage disc
• Radius: forms wrist joint with scaphoid, lunate &
triquetrum (3 carpal bones)
8-12
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8 Carpal Bones (wrist)
• Proximal row - lat
to med
1. scaphoid boat shaped
2. lunate - moon
shaped
3. triquetrum - 3
corners
4. pisiform - pea
shaped
8-13
8-14
Metacarpals and Phalanges
8 Carpal Bones (wrist)
• Distal row - lateral
to medial
5. trapezium - four
sided
6. trapezoid - four
sided
7. capitate - large
head
8. hamate - hooked
process
Pollex
• Metacarpals
– 5 total----#1 proximal
to thumb
– base, shaft, head
– knuckles
(metacarpophalangeal
joints)
• Phalanges
– 14 total: each is called
phalanx
– proximal, middle,
distal on each finger,
except thumb
– base, shaft, head
8-15
Ilium
Pelvic Girdle and Hip Bones
• Pelvic girdle = two hipbones united at pubic
symphysis
– articulate posteriorly with sacrum at sacroiliac joints
-
8-16
Each hip bone = ilium, pubis, and ischium
• Iliac crest, spines, & Iliac fossa for muscle
attachment
• Sacroiliac joint (sacrum articulates with ilium)
• Greater sciatic notch for sciatic nerve
• Pelvis = 2 hip bones, sacrum and coccyx
8-17
8-18
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Pubis and Ischium
Female and Male Skeletons
• Male skeleton
• Pubis
– larger & heavier
– larger articular
surfaces
– larger muscle
attachments
– pubic arch < 900
pubic symphysis is
pad of fibrocartilage
• Ischium
• Female pelvis
– wider & shallower
– larger pelvic inlet &
outlet
– pubic arch >900
8-19
Female
8-20
Lower Extremity
Male
• Each lower limb = 30 bones
– femur and patella within the
thigh
– tibia & fibula within the leg
– tarsal bones in the foot
– metatarsals within the
forefoot
– phalanges in the toes
• Joints
– hip, knee, ankle
– proximal & distal tibiofibular
– metatarsophalangeal
8-21
Femur and Patella
• Femur (thighbone)
– head articulates
with acetabulum
(attached by
ligament)
– greater & lesser
trochanters,
– medial & lateral
condyles
articulate with
tibia
– patellar surface
anteriorly
between
condyles
8-22
Patella
- triangular sesamoid
8-23
8-24
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Tibia and Fibula
• Tibia
– medial & larger bone
of leg
– lateral & medial
condyles
– tibial tuberosity for
patellar ligament
– proximal tibiofibular
joint
– medial malleolus at
ankle
Fibula – is not part of knee joint
- It provides muscle attachment only
- Lateral Maleolus articulates with Talus
(that lateral bulge on your ankle)
8-25
8-26
Tarsus
• Proximal region of
foot (contains 7
tarsal bones)
• Talus = ankle bone
(articulates with
tibia & fibula)
• Calcaneus - heel
bone
• Cuboid, navicular &
3 cuneiforms
8-27
Metatarsus and Phalanges
• Metatarsus
– midregion of the foot
– 5 metatarsals (1 is
most medial)
– each with base, shaft
and head
• Phalanges
– distal portion of the
foot
– similar in number and
arrangement to the
hand
– big toe is hallux
8-28
Arches of the Foot
• Function:
– distribute body weight over foot
– yield & spring back when weight is lifted
• Longitudinal arches along each side of foot
• Transverse arch across midfoot region
– navicular, cuneiforms & bases of metatarsals
8-29
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