February 2016
Schroders
Talking Point
What do equity and credit markets say about
global growth in 2016?
Schroders Multi-Asset Investment Team
The latest figures from our Economics team signal a slight easing in growth momentum with inflation
unchanged.
Likewise, our cyclical model continues to show a slowdown in the business cycle in the US and Japan. This is
primarily because consumer-oriented indicators have slowed whilst macroeconomic and credit indicators have
worsened. Overall, we have been in mild slowdown in the US for six months, Japan for 21 months but in
expansion in Europe for the majority of 2015 where France, Italy and Spain have been compensating for
weakness in Germany. Nevertheless, we have seen a modest improvement in global manufacturing PMI,
consumer confidence, credit and inflation over the last three months, though this is concentrated in Europe.
Generally speaking, the outlook remains uncertain. In particular, the trend in the credit markets is not
supportive. A widening credit spread (the difference between the yield on a corporate bond and government
bond of the same maturity) is not a healthy sign for the equity market or the economy as a whole.
What is happening in credit markets?
Since last year, spreads on US high yield bonds have widened on the back of energy related and idiosyncratic
risks. These wider spreads imply a negative outlook; therefore investors expect to be compensated for taking
on this extra risk.
Over the last few months we have continued to see a divergence between equity and credit markets. Widening
spreads are also a warning sign for equity investors though this has not been reflected in equity markets as
they have not fallen to the same extent as high yield markets.
What does this mean for growth?
This divergence essentially shows that the two assets are pricing different economic outcomes. Credit markets
are pricing in a recession while equities are reflecting a slow pace of growth.
Historically, this divergence corrects either through robust earnings growth or a recession. We feel neither is
likely in the near term. During the tech bubble of the late 1990s, credit spreads increased before equity prices
reached their peak in 2000, and in 2007, credit spreads grew again, given their relation to the bubble in the US
housing market.
What does this mean for equities?
Today, apart from a tightening in credit conditions, equity investors also need to contend with tighter monetary
SchrodersTalking Point
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policy in the US. The Federal Reserve (Fed) raised interest rates in December, and the start of previous Fed
hiking cycles have often coincided with a contraction in multiples.
The concern is that we have transitioned from a cyclical backdrop that used to provide a tailwind to equity
markets to one that acts as a headwind. With markets at the top end of the cyclical range, we have to rely on
earnings to do the heavy lifting. Therefore, a strong earnings cycle is critical for equity markets. Admittedly, our
outlook for earnings is quite subdued.
How should investors react?
Under the surface, the tightening in credit conditions is influencing investor sentiment within equities. Leverage
is being shunned as investors have started to avoid companies using debt to buy back equity. Indeed, balance
sheet strength is back on the agenda, suggesting that the trend towards companies with strong balance sheets
should persist.
The mixed reading on economic and financial conditions means that equity investors need to prepare for
higher volatility. Yet we believe that it is premature to get overly bearish. Our interpretation is that the current
economic and market environment represents a late cycle expansion where cracks and market excesses
emerge.To summarise, global activity is soft but the overall level is consistent with the global economy growing
by a modest 2%. In this scenario we believe equities can deliver positive returns in such a benign
environment.
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