Unit 4 Revolutions
Enlightenment
•Enlightened thinkers sought to apply methods of the ________________ Revolution to
the study of _________________ Society—social studies
Enlightened Thinkers
•______________________
–Argued ____________________ were created to _______________ people
–Emphasized importance of ____________ rights
•____________________________
–Argued the _________ of the people was ______________
•__________________
–Argued ____________ could be agents of _____________--not a radical or
revolutionary per se
Some nobility _________________ enlightened thinkers
–Catherine the Great (___________) & Frederick the Great (____________) used
Enlightened ideas to reform ___________________, legal systems, tax systems, &
economies BUT, suppressed ideas that promoted _____________________ or attacked
__________________
Enlightened Communication
•Enlightened _______________________ communicated with political ______________
–_________________ were instrumental through ____________________, purchase and
discussion of writings, and making homes a _________________ for gathering of the
minds
•Enlightened ideas became popular with the growing _________________ in Europe and
the ____________________ Hemisphere
•Many saw the ____________________ as a new, ___________________ place where
the ideas would have a ______________
•____________________________
–Came to _________________ natural genius and vast __________________ of the
Americas
–His success in ______________, scientific and intellectual accomplishments, and
________________ career offered proof that in a ____________ society without chains,
such as America, that ______________ could thrive
Folk Culture and Popular Protest
•Most Westerners did not share _________________ ideas
•Most _______________ people were remaining ______________ to pre-industrial
tradition
•As monarchs tried to _______________ tradition with increases in authority and
power—such as through tax collection—common people began to _______________
•Protests were aimed to _____________ custom and _________________, not bring
about ____________________
•When combined with _______________ within the ____________, potential for
revolution grew
American Revolution
Middle 1700’s
•Drains on government _______________
–____________ and _____________ War—1756-1763
–_____________ Years War—1756-1763
•13 colonies existed for the benefit of the ______________ Country—_______________
•England/Britain provided __________________ for the colonies.
•Mercantilism
•*(______________ had been through it’s own __________________ in the 1600’s—
______________ Revolution/English ___________________ 1640’s & 1650’s and the
__________________ Revolution 1688-1689—confirmed ___________________, rule
by written law, and wrote the English _________________________)
British policies in the ____________
•British policies undermined the ____________________ economy provoking Indian
raids in _________________ and _____________________
•The raids were ____________________ within a year
•Fear of more __________________ forced Britain to:
–Proclamation of 1763—placed limits on westward __________________
–Quebec Act of 1774—slowed settlement east of the _________________ River and
north of the ____________ River
American Revolution 1775-1800
•______________ and ______________
–British government faced __________ problems in North American after 1763
•The danger of ____________ with the Indians as Colonists pushed west of the
Appalachians and a rivalry with ____________
•The need to raise taxes from the ______________ to help pay for the increasing cost of
__________—both administration and defense
–British attempt to tax or _________________ westward expansion provoked the
Colonists to _________________
British Attempts to Raise ________________
•British tried to raise money through ____________ and _________________
regulations
–___________ Act
–___________ Act—tax on __________________________, paper, cards, deeds, wills
•Colonists
______________ and Parliament ________________________ the tax
–_________________ Act—tax on all _______________ and ______________, glass,
metal, etc.
–_________
Act—Colonists ____________ violently, Boston Tea Party, monopoly on
tea for British East India Co.
•Boston
________________—5 American _______________ killed
–________________
Acts—series of acts, closed the port of _______________, required
Colonists to ___________________ British soldiers, etc.—______________ would get
one sent to England for _____________
British Advantages
•________________—more soldiers
•Manufactured ________________
–________________, ammo, clothing
•More _____________--large treasury
•_________________, well-trained _____________
Colonial Advantages
•Fighting at _________________—knew the lay of the land
•Fighting for a _______________—motivated & determined
–________________________
–Protecting homes and ______________________
•Aided by the ________________
•Strong leaders—________________________, had previously fought with
_____________
Course of Revolution 1775-1783
•____________________ governing bodies established a
_________________________________that printed _______________ and organized an
_______
•Ideological _____________ for ______________
–Thousands of street-corner __________________
–Thomas ___________—Common Sense
–Declaration of ________________________
________________________ were sent to colonies
–British forces __________ most battles, but were unable to control
____________________
–British forces also unable to achieve a political _________________ to the solution of
the colonial ______________
•Native Americans served ______________ sides—British and Colonies
–_____________ leader fled to ______________ when war was over
_______________ entered the war in ___________
•Assisted _________________ forces including __________ Warfare that helped
General Washington defeat General ___________________
•Treaty of ______________ in 1783 ______________ the war granting unconditional
___________________ to the _________________
Prelude to Revolutions
•______________ among European powers __________________ in the 1600 and
1700’s—growing __________________
•________________ was growing on the seas
•____________ attacked Spanish and Portuguese _____________
•_____________ placed the ______________ in check
•British defeated the French in the ___________________ War 1756-1763 taking over
French _________________ possessions in the _______________ and _____________
•Competition and war led to _________________ costs
–European __________________________ were being forced to seek new sources of
_________________ while at the same time, the ___________________ was inspiring
people to question the _______________________