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Unit 4
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Civil War:
Northern States
→1850s…Moving in opposite directions…How?
1)
2)
First Battle of Bull Run (July 1861)
Southern States
3
Union Advantages
Confederate Advantages
1)
1)
2)
2)
3)
3)
4)
4)
5)
Union Strategies
Confederate Strategies
1)
1)
2)
2)
3)
Tactics and Technology
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Artillery: Napoleon Gun fired 3 types of projectiles:
1)
2)
3)
a.
b.
The Civil War was fought on 2 Fronts:
1)
2)
22
Many battles
1)
2)
War in the West


Battle of Shiloh (April 1862)
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Naval War in 1862
The South
ironclad –
March 9, 1862
Virginia
March 10, 1862
Problem with the Virginia:
Virginia
Battle
Effect?
April 1862:
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Peninsular Campaign (March-June 1862)
Second Battle of Bull Run (Aug. 1862)
Battle of Antietam (Sept. 1862)
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After Antietam
Battle of Fredericksburg (Dec. 1862)
Battle of Chancellorsville (May 1863)
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Battle of Gettysburg, PA (July 1-3, 1863)
turning
largest
-Union
-Confederacy
July 1
July 2
July 3
Union
Casualties:
Result:
Gettysburg Address:
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Siege at Vicksburg, MS (May-June 1863)
Grant
-siege –
Union
30,000
Result:
1)
2)
March 1864
After Gettysburg and Vicksburg
Grant decided to move towards __________ in early May 1864 with _____ men –
Lee had only _____ – Grant forced Lee to _________ Richmond and ___ battles
occurred:
Battle of the Wilderness
(May 5-6, 1864)
Battle of Spotsylvania
(May 8-19, 1864)
Battle of Cold Harbor
(June 3, 1864)
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Unable to take ___________, Grant moved around the city and attacked
_____________, a railroad center south of Richmond – wanted to cut off
shipments of _______ to Richmond – the attack _________
Siege at Petersburg (June 14, 1864-April 2, 1865) - cut off _________ to the city
and pounded it with __________ – trying to _________ them out
 ______ built up his defenses around Richmond and waited for the ___________
election in Nov. ____ - wanted __________ to lose and the North to give up – he
knew it was their ______ chance
Sherman’s March to the Sea:
-moved southward from ______________, TN towards __________, GA –
captured Atlanta on ______, 1864
-Nov. 1864 – _________ Atlanta and marched towards ____________, GA (on the
coast) – destroyed ____________ on their way
Election of 1864:
-Lincoln thought he would _______ – so, he chose a democrat, Andrew
___________, as the V.P. candidate
-the democrats nominated ____________
-Sherman’s capture of ___________ led to Lincoln’s ____________
____ Amendment (Feb. 1865) – abolished _________________
The End of the War:
-__________ began to move northward through ____ and ____ burning
everything
-______ arrived at the small VA town of _____________ Court House on Apr. 9,
1865 – met with _________ and surrendered because the Conf. were down to
_____ starving men
-___________ was assassinated by ___________________ on Apr. 14, 1865 at
_______ Theater in Wash.
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 The South was
 the __________ government’s controversial effort to _________ the damage
to the South and to __________ southern states to the ________ is known as
Reconstruction (carried out from ________ and involved 4 Presidents)
 War’s Aftermath:
-Physical Toll – destroyed 2/3rds of southern _________ and 9,000 miles of
__________ – also devoured __________, farm buildings, and farm
machinery; work animals and 1/3 of all __________; bridges, __________,
and levees; and thousands of miles of ________ – factories, ________, cities
burned – the value of __________ property dropped ____%
-Human Toll – destroyed a ____________ of young men, fathers, brothers,
and ___________ – North lost ______ soldiers – the South lost ______
soldiers, ____ of its adult white men – one out of every ______ southern men
were killed or ___________ – the North’s decision to _________ southern
homes and property resulted in countless __________ lives – children were
made _________ and brides became widows
Union
Conf.
Total
KIA
110,000
94,000
204,000
Civil War Casualties
Disease
POW Dead Wounded
224,000
30,000
275,000
164,000
31,000
194,000
388,000
61,000
469,000
Total
________
________
________
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Southerners’ Hardships:
-the __________ South was made up of _____ major groups of people – each group faced
its own __________ and fears:
1) Black Southerners – some 4 million _______ people were starting their new lives
in a _______ region with slow economic activity – as _________, they had
received food and __________ – now found themselves homeless, _________,
and hungry
2) Plantation Owners – planters lost ________ labor worth about $___ billion – the
federal government seized $____ million in southern plantations and _________
– with worthless Confederate _________, some farmers couldn’t afford to hire
workers and ________ had to sell their property to cover ________
3) Poor White Southerners – many white ___________ could not find work any
more because of the new _____ competition from __________ – poor white
families began migrating to __________ lands such as Mississippi and ________
to find new opportunities
Three Reconstruction Plans
 _______ southerners accepted the war’s outcome and focused on __________ their
lives – however, the _______ of the Confederacy and the end of _________ raised
some tough questions:
1) How and ________ should southern states be allowed to resume
their _______ in the Union?
2) Should the South be ___________ for its actions, or be ___________
and allowed to recover ___________?
3) Now that black southerners were _______, would the races have
_________ rights?
4) If so, how might those rights be ___________?
5) What __________ of government would be responsible for
Reconstruction? (executive, judicial, or legislative)
the _____________ didn’t answer these questions
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Lincoln’s Plan:
Lincoln’s plan did _____ require the new (state) constitutions to give _______
rights to African Americans – nor did it “_________” southern states to the
Union, since in Lincoln’s _______, their secession had _____ been
constitutional
Much of Lincoln’s ____________ came from a group of congressmen from
his own party – the group, known as _________ Republicans, believed
that the Civil War had been fought over the _________ issue of slavery
the Radicals viewed Lincoln’s plan as too _________ (easy) on the South –
they presented their _____ plan which Lincoln then _________
Before a ____________ could be reached between Lincoln and the
Radicals, he was ______________ – Now what?
Johnson’s Plan:
when __________ took office in April 1865, Congress was in ________
until December – during those ____ months, Johnson pursued his own
________ for the South – his plan, known as _____________
Reconstruction, was even more ___________ to the South
Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction:
__________ in the war had not changed the fact that _________ people still
dominated southern society
one by one, ___________ states met Johnson’s Reconstruction demands
and were ___________ to the Union – the first order of business in these
new, ________-run governments was to enact _________ codes, or laws
that restricted freedmen’s _________ – the black codes established
___________ (near) slavery with provisions such as these:
-curfews – generally, African-Americans could not gather after sunset
-vagrancy laws – freedmen convicted of vagrancy (not working) could be fined, whipped, or sold for a
year’s labor
-labor contracts – freedmen had to sign agreements in January for a year of work (those that quit in the
middle of the year lost all the wages they had earned)
-limits on women’s rights – mothers who wanted to stay home and care for their families were forced
instead to do farm labor
-land restrictions – freed people could rent land or homes only in rural areas – forced them to live on
plantations
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in early 1866 Congress passed a __________ Rights Act that outlawed the black
codes – Johnson __________ it – Congress overrode the veto
____ Amendment – guaranteed all citizens equal protection of the laws –
ultimately granted African Americans _______________ rights
Radicals in Congress passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867– these are the key
provisions: This is the plan actually used during Reconstruction for every southern
state except TN (readmitted under Johnson’s plan)
1) It put the South under _____________ rule, dividing it into 5 districts, each governed
by a northern general
2) It ordered southern states to hold _______ elections for delegates to create a new state
Constitution
3) It required states to allow all qualified ________ voters, including African Americans,
to vote in elections
4) It temporarily _________ southerners who had supported the Confederacy from voting
5) It required southern states to guarantee equal rights to ______ citizens
6) It required the states to ratify the _____ Amendment
on Feb. 24, 1868 House members voted to _____________ Johnson (to accuse him
with wrongdoing in office) – Johnson became the first President to be impeached
(Who was the second?)
If _____ of the Senate were to vote for conviction, Johnson would become the first
and only President ever removed from office – Johnson was able to escape conviction
by 1 vote
____ Amendment – guaranteed African American males the right to vote
(suffrage)
northern _____________ who moved to the postwar South became known as
carpetbaggers – southerners gave them this nickname, which referred to a type of
cheap suitcase made from carpet scraps – they were depicted as ____________ men
seeking to grab power or make some fast cash
in the postwar South, to be white and a southerner and a Republican was to be
seen as a ____________ - southerners had a nickname for those people as well,
scalawag (Scottish word meaning scrawny cattle) – many had opposed secession –
most were ________ small farmers who hated the rich planters
in March _____ the last southern states were restored to the Union – however, the
U.S. was far from united - from 1868 through 1871, groups of white southerners
launched a violent counterattack against Radical Reconstruction
Ku Klux Klan (KKK) – started in 1866 as a social club in ____________, TN quickly evolved into a terrorist organization – membership consisted largely of exConfederate officers and plantation owners - most professions were eventually
represented in the Klan - the Klan’s long-term goal was to keep African Americans
in the role of submissive ______________