WHAT IS A
SENTENCE?
A SENTENCE IS A GROUP
OF WORDS THAT
EXPRESSES A
COMPLETE THOUGHT.
IT IS MADE OF TWO
PARTS.
WHAT ARE THE
TWO PARTS OF
A SENTENCE?
PARTS OF
SENTENCE
• SUBJECT – WHOM OR WHAT
A SENTENCE IS ABOUT.
• PREDICATE – TELLS
SOMETHING ABOUT THE
SUBJECT AND CONTAINS
THE VERB.
A __________________________ is…
a group of words that express a complete ____________.
It has two parts; a _______________ and a _______________.
A ___________________ tells whom or what the sentence is about.
The ____________________ tells something about the _______________.
Hmmmm…. A THOUGHT….
TO THINK…
to have a conscious mind, to
some extent of reasoning,
remembering experiences,
making rational decisions, etc.
to employ one's mind
rationally and objectively in
evaluating or dealing with a
given situation: Think
THINK OF A SENTENCE….
IS IT A COMPLETE
THOUGHT?
COMPLETE VS. SIMPLE
SUBJECTS
• SIMPLE SUBJECT – THE MAIN WORD OR
GROUP OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE.
• EXAMPLE: THE BOY WITH THE RED SHOES
WAS LATE FOR CLASS.
• COMPLETE SUBJECT – THE SIMPLE
SUBJECT, PLUS ITS MODIFIERS.
EXAMPLE: THE BOY WITH THE RED SHOES
WAS LATE FOR CLASS.
COMPLETE VS. SIMPLE
PREDICATES
• Simple Predicate
The simple predicate is the VERB in the complete
predicate.
• The Complete Predicate
The complete predicate is easy to locate once you
know what the complete subject is. It's everything in
the sentence that the complete subject isn't.
Example: My best friend in my class walked to my
house after school.
Walked to my house after school is the complete
predicate. WALKED is the simple predicate.
COMPLETE
SENTENCES
KINDS OF
SENTENCES…DO YOU
KNOW THEM???
1.DECLARATIVE
2.INTERROGATIVE
3.EXCLAMATORY
4.IMPERATIVE
DECLARATIVE
SENTENCES
A DECLARATIVE
SENTENCE MAKES
A STATEMENT. A
DECLARATIVE
SENTENCE ENDS
WITH A PERIOD.
INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCE
AN INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCE ASKS A
QUESTION. AN
INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCE ENDS
WITH A QUESTION
MARK.
EXCLAMATORY
SENTENCE
A EXCLAMATORY
SENTENCE SHOWS
STRONG FEELING. AN
EXCLAMATORY
SENTENCE ENDS WITH
AN EXCLAMATION
POINT.
IMPERATIVE
SENTENCE
AN IMPERATIVE
SENTENCE
GIVES A
COMMAND.
THE FOUR
TYPES OF SENTENCES
CLAUSES!!!
WHAT’S A CLAUSE?
A clause is a group of
words that contains a
subject and a verb. There
are two major types:
independent clauses and
dependent clauses.
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
An independent clause
expresses a complete thought
and can stand alone as a
sentence. It begins with a
capital letter and ends with
punctuation such as a period.
Example:
Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his
chemistry quiz.
DEPENDENT CLAUSES
(ALSO CALLED SUBORDINATE CLAUSES)
A dependent clause is a group of
words that may contain a subject
and verb, but does not express a
complete thought. A dependent
clause cannot be a sentence.
Example:
When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz .
(What happened when he studied?
The thought is incomplete.)
DEPENDENT CLAUSES
(ALSO CALLED SUBORDINATE CLAUSES)
A dependent clauses are usually
introduced with one of the
following words…
because
until
when
while
so
that
if
after
although
since
who
A dependent clause can be joined
to an independent clause to make
a complete thought.
PHRASES
• A PHRASE IS A GROUP OF WORDS
WHICH ACTS AS A SINGLE PART OF
SPEECH. IT DOES NOT CONTAIN A
SUBJECT OR A PREDICATE.
Examples:
• between ignorance and intelligence
• into thousands of pieces
• on a wire
SIMPLE,
COMPOUND &
COMPLEX
SENTENCES!!!
SENTENCES VIDEO
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWrn8
WlrpQs
SIMPLE SENTENCES
A SIMPLE SENTENCE CONTAINS ONE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE AND NO
DEPENDENT CLAUSES.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
SENTENCES HAS ONLY A SINGLE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE?
A. Shawn tutors.
DEPENDENT
CLAUSES
B. Barb teaches young children acrobatics after school.
ANSWER: BOTH A & B ARE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES!!!
COMPOUND SENTENCES
A COMPOUND SENTENCE CONTAINS TWO OR
MORE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES AND NO
DEPENDENT CLAUSE. The clauses must be
closely related in thought. Independent
clauses can be joined by a comma and a
coordinating conjunction or by a semicolon.
DEPENDENT
CLAUSES
CD = IC + IC (OR MORE +IC)
COMPOUND SENTENCE
EXAMPLES
• Some students like to study in the morning, and some
students like to study at night.)
• Marvin waited for the train, but the train was late.
• I do not like apples, nor do I enjoy bananas.
• English is a gruesome language, yet a toddler can speak
it.
• I couldn't find a hammer, so I banged the nail in with my
head.
• Study hard for the test, for Dr. Turner will torture you if
you don't.
• You can play squash, or you can sign up for fitness.
WHAT’S A COORDINATING
CONJUNCTION???
Independent clauses can be joined by a
comma and a coordinating conjunction
or by a semicolon.
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
CONNECT WORDS OR GROUPS OF
WORDS – REMEMBER FANBOYS!!!
FOR AND NOR BUT OR YET SO
Insects and crustaceans have eyes with many lenses.
and - connects ideas
COMPLEX SENTENCES
A COMPLEX SENTENCE CONTAINS ONE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE AND ONE OR
MORE DEPENDENT CLAUSES.
CS = IC +DC + DC (OR MORE +DC)
DO YOU REMEMBER WHAT WORDS BEGIN DEPENDENT CLAUSES???
because
until
when
while
so
that
if
after
although
since
who
THE DEPENDENT CLAUSES MIGHT TELL WHEN SOMETHING HAPPENED,
WHICH PERSON WAS INVOLVEDOR WHERE THE EVENT TOOK PLACE.
COMPLEX SENTENCE
EXAMPLES
• After Mio eats breakfast, she goes to work.
• While Mio reads a book, she listens to the
music.
• Because the bridge wasn't properly
maintained by the government, it fell down
• He'll be able to maintain a healthy weight if
he keeps exercising.
COMPOUND -COMPLEX
SENTENCE EXAMPLES
• Example: The first and only president of
the Congress of the Confederation,
which managed the first U.S. government,
was John Hanson, and he was elected
by the Congress in 1781.
Bold = INDEPENDENT
Italicized= DEPENDENT/SUBORDINATE
COMPOUND - COMPLEX
SENTENCES
A COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE
CONTAINS TWO OR MORE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES AND ONE
OR MORE DEPENDENT CLAUSES.
CCS = IC + IC + (OR MORE +IC
+
DC + DC (OR MORE +DC)
EXAMPLES OF COMPOUNDCOMPLEX SENTENCES
• Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the time to
go lately, and I haven't found anyone to go with.
• independent clause: "I haven't had the time to go lately"
• independent clause: "I haven't found anyone to go with"
• dependent clause: "Although I like to go camping... "
• We decided that the movie was too violent, but our
children, who like to watch scary movies, thought that we
were wrong.
• independent clause: "We decided that the movie was too
violent"
• independent clause: "(but) our children thought that we
were wrong"
• dependent clause: who like to watch scary movies
READ THIS!!!
WHAT’S WRONG HERE????
I went to sleep with gum in my mouth and now there’s gum
in my hair and when I got out of bed this morning I tripped
on the skateboard and by mistake I dropped by sweater in
the sink while the water was running and I could tell it was
going to be a terrible horrible no good very bad day at
breakfast Anthony found a Corvette Sting Ray car kit in his
breakfast cereal box and Nick found a Junior Undercover
Agent code ring in his breakfast cereal box but in my
breakfast cereal box all I found was breakfast cereal I
think I’ll move to Australia in the car pool Mrs. Gibson let
Becky have a seat by the window Audrey and Elliot got
seats by the window too I said I was being scrunched I said
I was being smushed I said if I don’t get a seat by the
window I am going to be carsick no one even answered I
could tell it was going to be a terrible horrible no good very
bad day.
From Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day by Judith Viorst
RUN-ONS
AND
FRAGMENTS!!!
THE RUN-ON SENTENCE
A RUN-ON SENTENCE IS
TWO OR MORE
SENTENCES WRITTEN AS
IF THEY WERE A SINGLE
SENTENCE.
WHEN YOU COMBINE TWO
SENTENCES WITH A
CONJUNCTION, USE A
COMMA BEFORE THE
CONJUNCTION.
DIFFICULTY FINDING A
RUN-ON???
LOOK FOR THE
SUBJECT AND
PREDICATE. ARE THERE
TOO MANY? MAYBE IT’S
A RUN-ON!
READ YOUR WORK OUT
LOUD. PAY ATTENTION
WHERE YOU NEED TO
TAKE A BREATH. YOU
MIGHT NEED
PUNCTUATION THERE!!
SENTENCE FRAGMENTS
• A SENTENCE FRAGMENT IS PART OF A
SENTENCE THAT IS WRITTEN AS IF IT WERE
A COMPLETE SENTENCE. A SENTENCE
FRAGMENT IS MISSING A SUBJECT,
PREDICATE OR BOTH.
• EXAMPLE:
– Fish in the sea. (missing a predicate)
– Love to eat fish. (missing a subject)
– Without much food (missing both)
_________ FRAGMENTS
• A ___________________ IS PART OF A
SENTENCE THAT IS WRITTEN AS IF IT
WERE A __________________. A
SENTENCE _____________IS MISSING
A ______________________ OR BOTH.
• EXAMPLE:
– Fish in the sea. (missing a ___________)
– Love to eat fish. (missing a ___________)
– Without much food (missing ________)
THE END OF SENTENCES
NOW IT’S TIME TO CREATE STRONG PARAGRAPHS!!!!