PHYS 1110
Lecture 19
Professor Stephen Thornton
November 8, 2012
Reading Quiz
Which of the following represents prowind power?
A) Countries are likely to fight over
wind sources.
B) Job creation in the short run.
C) Good source of urban energy.
D) Can do away with nuclear power.
E) Can do away with fossil fuels.
Reading Quiz
Which of the following represents prowind power?
A) Countries are likely to fight over
wind sources.
B) Job creation in the short run.
C) Good source of urban energy.
D) Can do away with nuclear power.
E) Can do away with fossil fuels.
Homework 4 due Tuesday, November
13, 2012.
Divide into groups and study
Control mechanisms
Wind farms
Offshore wind farms
Environmental concerns
Safety
Economics
Look at Example 8-6. Only 127,000 wind
turbines could provide all USA electricity.
Wind energy pros and cons
The scenario for having 20% Wind Energy in
the United States by 2030.
Cumulative installed capacity of wind power
capacity projected by 2030. The gradual increase
of offshore capacity is indicated.
Which of the following is not a problem
for wind power (that is a con)?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Flicker
Noise
Property values
Need wind farms
Loss of income from cattle grazing.
Which of the following is not a problem
for wind power (that is a con)?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Flicker
Noise
Property values
Need wind farms
Loss of income from cattle grazing.
Which of the following is a good size for
a wind turbine for a utility scale wind
farm?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
4 kW
40 kW
400 kW
4 MW
40 MW
Which of the following is a good size for
a wind turbine for a utility scale wind
farm?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
4 kW
40 kW
400 kW
4 MW
40 MW
Who invented windmills?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Americans
Dutch or Persians
Danes or Germans
Perhaps the Egyptians
Almost certainly the Chinese did after
the time of the Roman empire.
Who invented windmills?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Americans
Dutch or Persians
Danes or Germans
Perhaps the Egyptians
Almost certainly the Chinese did after
the time of the Roman empire.
What is the SI unit of pressure?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Atmosphere
Bar
Lbs/in2
mm Hg
Pascal
What is the SI unit of pressure?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Atmosphere
Bar
Lbs/in2
mm Hg
Pascal
Which of the following is the best place
for a wind turbine to produce energy on
shore?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Germany
Spain
Brazil
Australia
Midwestern United States
Which of the following is the best place
for a wind turbine to produce energy on
shore?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Germany
Spain
Brazil
Australia
Midwestern United States
Which of the following is the best wind
speed to produce energy with a wind
turbine?
A)
B)
C)
D)
4 m/s
7 m/s
10 m/s
15 m/s
Which of the following is the best wind
speed to produce energy with a wind
turbine?
A)
B)
C)
D)
4 m/s
7 m/s
10 m/s
15 m/s – probably too high
What does a controller do in a wind
turbine?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Starts up the turbine
Measures wind direction
Keeps the turbine facing the wind
Powers the yaw drive
Stops the rotor in an emergency
What does a controller do in a wind
turbine?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Starts up the turbine
Measures wind direction
Keeps the turbine facing the wind
Powers the yaw drive
Stops the rotor in an emergency
Which countries have the most offshore
wind turbines?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Germany and Spain
Germany and the United Kingdom
The USA and the United Kingdom
Australia and Denmark
Denmark and France
Which countries have the most offshore
wind turbines?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Germany and Spain
Germany and the United Kingdom
The USA and the United Kingdom
Australia and Denmark
Denmark and France
Chapter 9
of Energy.
Other Renewable Sources
Geothermal
Bioenergy (biomass, biofuel, biodiesel)
Tidal
Water/ocean:
Hydrokinetic
Ocean waves
Ocean thermal
Osmotic (seawater salinity)
Geothermal energy is a major supplier
of electricity in Iceland, the Philippines, and El
Salvador. Even the United States utilizes
geothermal energy with major sources in
California. The first geothermal electricity was
produced in Italy in 1904. As we will see,
however, the future of geothermal energy is not
clear. It is renewable and sustainable, but there are
not enough sources near urban areas, and the cost
is still not competitive with fossil fuels.
Bioenergy has a promising future, both in
burning biomass to produce electricity and
in producing biofuel. The economics of
bioenergy continue to improve. The issues
are the competition between food, animal
feed, electricity generation, and biofuels.
The availability of water is significant.
Energy from our water, especially the
ocean, may be significant and is under significant research
and development. We will investigate the production of
electricity utilizing oceans tides, called tidal energy, which
has been available commercially since 1966 in France. We
will discuss a variety of techniques that have been proposed
and tested using ocean tides. It may be possible to produce
energy from our rivers, called hydrokinetic energy, using
water turbines that are similar to wind turbines. Energy
from ocean waves is also under current investigation. We
will learn there are several techniques to take advantage of
ocean waves to produce electricity that have already been
tested in pilot plants. There are even commercial wave
energy plants in the UK and Spain.
Scientists and engineers also have
proposed ocean thermal energy, which uses a heat engine
between the warm surface ocean water and deeper cooler
water to produce electricity. A number of pilot plants
have been constructed as proof of concept, but we shall
see that the cost of producing electricity is still too high.
Finally, we will study the possibility of using the interface
between fresh water from rivers flowing into the oceans
containing salt to produce electricity by taking advantage
of the salinity differences and osmosis. A couple of pilot
plants have shown that osmotic energy is possible if the
cost of producing better semi-permeable membranes can
be reduced.