Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: H0451/Praktikum Jaringan Komputer
: 2006
: 1/0
Pertemuan 01
Kabel
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• Membuat kabel untuk jaringan komputer
2
Outline Materi
• Macam Kabel
• Kabel UTP
3
Cables
Twisted Pair
• The type depends on:
– no. of pairs
– no. of twists per unit length
– gauge of the wire
– type of insulation
• Shielded Twisted Pair (STP):
– expensive
– higher data rate
– easy to work with
4
Cables
• Un-shielded Twisted Pair (UTP):
– low cost
– lower data rate
– limited length
– easy installation
– flexible configuration (when star wired)
– supports many LANs and voice
communication in the same cable type
– easy fault isolation
5
Cables
• UTP Categories:
– Category 3
• Up to 16 Mbps
• used for 10baseT Ethernet & 4 Mbps
Token Ring
– Category 4
• Up to 20 Mbps
• used for 16 Mbps Token Ring
– Category 5
• Up to 100 Mbps
• 100baseT Ethernet
6
Media
Other LAN Media
• Infrared
• modulated infrared signals passed through
open space
• Laser beam
• modulated laser beams passed through
open space
• Microwave
• high frequency radio waves passed by line
of sight transceivers
• Radio
• earlier low speeds (9.6 - 230 kbps) - now 210 Mbps
• used for mobile LAN stations when cabling
is not possible
7
Connectors
• UTP:
– RJ-11 (6 pins)
– RJ-45 (8 pins)
• pin-outs will differ according to LAN type
• Thin Coaxial(10base2):
– BNC (BayoNet Connector)
– Terminator 50
• Thick Ethernet (10base5)
– Transceiver
– Attachment Unit Interface(AUI) < 50
8
Interfaces
• AUI – Attachment Unit Interface
Medium independent attachment for 10 Mbps
media systems
• MAU – Medium Attachment Unit
• MDI – Medium Dependent Interface
• MII – Medium Independent Interface
• GMII – Gigabit Medium Independent Interface
• TBI – Gigabit Ten-Bit Interface
To accommodate 8B/10B signal encoding in
Gigabit Ethernet if 1000 BASE X is used
• GBIC – Gigabit Interface Converter
Hot swappable
Media signaling components are contained
9
Baseband Cable Types
• UTP – 10 BASE T
– Voice grade cabling
– RJ-45 jack used
– 100m maximum
– 300mV signal squelch level (to eliminate cross
talk signals)
• but after 100m, due to attenuation, data
signals also will go below this
– 100  impedance (in some implementations 120
)
10
Baseband Cable Types
• 100 BASE T
– unshielded or shielded (for Token Ring)
twisted pair
– 100m, 100, RJ-45 jack
– 40 pin MII connector also may be used
with an external transceiver (not
commonly used)
– data is scrambled to eliminate electromagnetic effects
11
Baseband Cable Types
• 100 BASE FX
– 40 pin MII may be used
– if transceiver is built-in, fibre optic can be
directly connected
– Non-Return-to-Zero, Invert-on-Ones
(NRZI) encoding is used
– Peek optical transmission power is 200400 W for 62.5/125 m fibre
– No data scrambling needed
– Two strands of multi-mode fibre optics
are used for Tx and Rx
12
Baseband Cable Types
• 1000 BASE T
– Gigabit Ethernet twisted pair
– UTP all 4 pairs are used – requires CAT-5 or higher quality
cables
– Each pair has Tx and Rx wires (total of four Tx and four Rx
wires in a cable)
• hence total of 8bit at a time
• 125 Mbaud achieves 1000 Mbps
– A combination of signaling and encoding is used to achieve the
speed
– Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is used to handle cross talk
• echo cancellation
• near end cross talk (NEXT) cancellation
• far end cross talk (FEXT) cancellation
• signal equalization for distortion compensation
13
Baseband Cable Types
• 1000 BASE X
– Gigabit Ethernet for fibre optic
– SX – Short Wave Length
• Most widely used
• Less expensive
• Short distance
• Inside buildings
– LX – Long Wave Length
• 500 m
• long haul version – 10 km
• extended reach version – 70-100 km
– CX – Short Copper Jumper
• 25 m maximum
• used for linking equipment in computer rooms, racks
etc.
14