1. A human cell has
a. 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of
sex chromosomes.
b. 46 pairs of autosomes
c. 23 pairs of autosomes and a pair of X
or Y chromosomes.
d. 23 pairs of autosomes and one pair of
sex chromosomes.
2. Which of the following is not a
multifactorial trait?
a. eye color
b. breast cancer
c. height
d. cystic fibrosis
3. Which number below represents that
your relative risk is the same as that
of the population?
a. 0
b. 2
c. 1
d. none of the above
4. The gene that causes Osteogenesis
Imperfecta (OI) affects bones, inner
ear, and discolored sclera. What type
of inheritance does OI express?
a. variable expressivity
b. genetic heterogeneity
c. pleiotropy
d. phenocopy
5. During the cell cycle, replication of
the genetic material takes place
during
a. G1 phase.
b. S phase.
c. G2 phase.
d. prophase of mitosis.
6. Which sequence correctly describes
the order of events in the cell cycle?
a. S to G1 to G2 to mitosis
b. mitosis to G1 to G2 to S
c. G1 to G2 to S to mitosis
d. G1 to S to G2 to mitosis
7. Normal yeast cells have 4 chromosomes.
At the end of mitosis, each daughter cell
contains _____ chromosomes.
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
8. Most children with cystic fibrosis have
frequent lung infections. Some have mild
cases, some are more severe. What type
of inheritance is shown?
a. variable expressivity
b. phenocopy
c. incomplete penetrance
d. lethal alleles
9. Blindness can be caused by recessive
alleles in over 25 different genes in
humans. What type of inheritance is
shown?
a. Lethal alleles
b. pleiotropy
c. variable expressivity
d. genetic heterogeneity
10. A couple has two children, both with
severely decayed teeth. The parents are
sure it is genetic, but they are unaware
that their babysitter puts the children to
bed with juice bottles in their mouths.
What phenomenon is being described?
a. variable expressivity
b. phenocopy
c. incomplete penetrance
d. codominance
11. A centromere is
a. a double stranded chromosome.
b. a single stranded chromosome.
c. the point where two chromatids
attach.
d. found in the cytoplasm.
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12. Studies show that 3 out of 10 people
who carry a rare dominant allele for a
muscular defect do not express it. What
type of inheritance is shown?
a. phenocopy
b. incomplete penetrance
c. variable expressivity
d. lethal alleles
13. The following symbol indicates what
type of relationship?
a. Identical twin boys
b. Fraternal twin boys
c. Identical twin girls
d. Fraternal twin girls
14. Gametes, which contain only one set of
chromosomes are indicated by the term
a. diploid
b. haploid
c. triploid
d. polyploidy
15. The stage of mitosis when chromatin
begins to condense into visible
chromosomes is
a. anaphase
b. metaphase
c. telophase
d. prophase
16. A dalmatian may have 10, 100, or 1000
spots on its coat. What type of
inheritance is shown?
a. variable expressivity
b. pleiotropy
c. genetic heterogeneity
d. phenocopy
17. Whenever two achondroplastic dwarfs
conceive a child, there is a 25% chance
that the offspring will inherit 2 dominant
alleles and, therefore, not develop past
the embryo stage. What type of
inheritance is shown?
a. pleiotropy
b. incomplete penetrance
c. phenocopy
d. lethal alleles
18. In guinea pigs, coat colors are usually
black or white. However, when a black
and white guinea pig are mated, the
offspring are gray. What type of
inheritance explains this pattern?
a. codominance
b. Incomplete dominance
c. Multiple alleles
d. polygenic traits
19. The correct complimentary DNA
sequence to the sequence listed below
will be which of the following:
ATCGGGTTACAATCC
a.
b.
c.
d.
TUGCCCUUTGTTUGG
AUCGGGUUACAATGG
UAGCCCAAUGUUAGG
TAGCCCAATGTTAGG
20. A man who has type O blood has a child
with a woman who is type A. The
woman’s mother has AB and her father
has O. The child’s blood type has to be
either…?
a. A or B
b. A or AB
c. A or O
d. O or AB
21. Males of the human species contain
which set of sex chromosomes?
a. XZ
b. XX
c. YY
d. XY
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22. Which of the following cases would
guarantee that a female will be born
with colorblindness (a sex-linked trait)?
a. her mother is a carrier, her father is
colorblind
b. her mother is a carrier, her father is a
carrier
c. her mother is colorblind, her father’s
mother is colorblind
d. her mother is colorblind, her father’s
father is colorblind
23. Homologous chromosomes undergo
crossing over during which phase of
meiosis?
a. Prophase I
b. Prophase II
c. Interphase
d. Metaphase II
24. Y-linked disorders are passed from…?
a. father to daughter
b. father to son
c. mother to daughter
d. mother to son
25. Which of the following traits is NOT a
sex-linked disorder?
a. colorblindness
b. hemophilia
c. muscular dystrophy
d. Huntington’s disease
26. One parent with AB blood marries
another person with B blood. Which of
the following child CANNOT be theirs?
a. A
b. B
c. O
d. AB
28. An individual with a sex chromosome
combination of XXY is…?
a. both male and female
b. neither male nor female
c. male
d. female
29. A woman carries the allele for
hemophilia, but does not suffer from it.
She just found out she is pregnant, and
she is having a boy. What are the
chances her son will have hemophilia?
a. 0%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 100%
30. What is the correlation coefficient
between a grandparent and grandchild
relationship?
a. 100%
b. 12.5%
c. 50%
d. 25%
31. The stage in which tetrads line up along
the equator of a cell would be
characteristic of which stage in meiosis?
a. Prophase I
b. Prophase II
c. Metaphase I
d. Metaphase II
32. During which checkpoint in the cell
cycle would a cell be concerned if
spindle fibers has attached to the
chromosomes?
a. G1 phase checkpoint
b. G2 phase checkpoint
c. Anaphase checkpoint
d. Telophase checkpoint
27. Spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in
a. size of the final cells produced
b. crossing over frequency
c. the number of chromosomes in each
cell
d. there are no differences between the
processes
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33. The concordance value for monozygotic
twins for a particular trait is .62 and for
dizygotic twins is .45. According to this
information, what is the heritability for
this trait?
a. 34
b. 72
c. 17
d. 1.37
34. Monica is furious with her parents for
what she believes is their fault in passing
on rickets to her. Genetics has
determined that the heritability for
rickets is around .73. Is she justified in
her anger?
a. No, according this data Rickets is
more environmentally caused.
b. Yes, according to this data Rickets is
more genetically caused.
c. Rickets is not a disease caused by
genes so there is no justification.
d. Not enough data is given to be
determined.
Using the pedigree chart below, answer the following questions.
35. Given that the affected individuals have inherited a sex-linked recessive disorder, what
would the genotype be of the mother in the first generation?
a. XAXa
b. XaY
c. XAXA
d. XAY
36. How many individuals in the third generation MUST be carriers for the
disorder?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
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Use the following diagram to answer the next two questions:
37. The name of the above image is known as a(n):
a. pedigree
c. chromosome picture
b. karyotype
d. punnett square
38. What gender is the above individual?
a. male
b. female
c. not enough information is given
d. none of the above
39. A behavior in which males or females feel that they do not have the muscular physique that
they are hoping to achieve.
a. Bulimia
c. Anorexia
b. Bigorexia
d. Hugeorexia
40. The average individual has an I.Q of around
a. 100
c. 70
b. 130
d. 1100
41. At the end of which of these processes does a cell contain a haploid number of
chromosomes?
a. Meiosis
c. Both Mitosis and Meiosis
b. Mitosis
d. Neither Mitosis nor Meiosis
42. Short episodes of muscle weakness is known as ________________.
a. Cataplexy
c. Insomnia
b. Hyperplasia
d. Hypoplasia
43. FASPS is a condition that has been following a specific Utah family which may be evidence
that _______________ is controlled by genes.
a. IQ
c. dreaming
b. circadian rhythm
d. sleep walking
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44. In a cross of AaBb x AaBb, how many of the offspring will show both dominant
phenotypes for gene A and gene B?
a. 16
b. 12
c. 9
d. 3
45. Sometimes individuals, who have the dominant allele for six fingers, do not always show the
phenotype for six fingers. This is due to the fact that polydactyl is
___________________________.
a. pleiotropic
c. a phenocopy
b. completely penetrant
d. incompletely penetrant
46. Many individuals who go to the doctors are told they have a genetic disorder, but later
realize it is actually a virus that has invaded their body. This is an example of a(n)
_________________________.
a. pleiotropy
c. expressivity
b. phenocopy
d. incompletely penetrant
47. Behavioral disorders can best be described as
a. common and multifactorial
b. limited occurrence and genetically determined
c. common and environmental caused
d. more common than what is documented, controlled by
environment
REFER TO THE DIAGRAM ON THE RIGHT FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
48. Which roman numeral represents LATE anaphase?
a. I
b. IV
c. VI
d VIII
49. During which of the phases to the right do the
chromosomes replicate?
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
50. If a diploid cells starts with 48 chromosomes,
how many chromosomes will be present at the
end of mitosis?
a. 96
b. 48
c. 24
d. 12
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51. Which of the following disorders is most closely related to autism?
a. FASPS
c. Klinefelter Syndrome
b. Parkinson Disease
d. Asperger Syndrome
52. If Sarah is suffering from cystic fibrosis, which is an autosomal recessive disorder, what
must be true about her parents?
a. Both need to be at least a carrier.
b. Either the father or the mother must suffer also from cystic fibrosis.
c. One parent needed to be a carrier.
d. Sarah’s mother passed on her two recessive alleles.
53. A man who has attached earlobes was the son of two individuals that both had
unattached earlobes. A woman with unattached earlobes had a mother who had attached
and a father who had unattached. The cross between the man and the woman would look
like which of the following?
a. AA x aa
b. Aa x aa
c. Aa x Aa
d. Not enough information to tell
Use the following chart to answer the following questions: Serum contains red blood
cells along with antibodies.
Serum from
individual
Ralph
What happens when the individuals serum is exposed to the
following blood cells. No antibodies are present, only red blood cells.
O
A
B
AB
Type
of
blood
No clumping
Clumping
No clumping
clumping
Heather
No clumping
No clumping
Clumping
clumping
Jamal
No clumping
No clumping
No clumping
Hector
No clumping
Clumping
Clumping
No
clumping
Clumping
54. What type of blood does Ralph have?
a. A blood
b. B blood
c. AB blood
d. O blood
55. What type of blood does Jamal have?
a. A blood
b. B blood
c. AB blood
d. O blood
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56. On the Y chromosome there is a gene that controls, “being male”. What is the name of
the specific gene?
a. SRY
c. XY
b. pseudoautosomal
d. HIS
57. During the mitosis checkpoint, which occurs between metaphase and anaphase, what is
the cell checking for prior to finishing the cycle?
a. The cell is large enough to split into two.
b. The chromosomes are lined up in the correct order at the equator.
c. The nuclear membrane has completely disappeared.
d. Spindles are attached to each kinetochore
58. The region on the Y chromosome that is homologous to a region on the X chromosome
is termed
a. autosomal region
c. pseudoautosomal region
b. the recombinant region d. X-Y homolog region
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