Classification of Bones
Notes
Name _____________________________
3rd Period
Classification of Bones By internal Tissues:
A. Compact Bone – Dense, able to bear large amounts of weight
B. Spongy Bone – Light, less dense
Classification of Bones by Shape:
Long Bones – Longer than they are wide
Mostly compact bone
Examples:
Flat Bones - thin, flattened and usually curved
Compact bone on the outside, spongy on the inside
Examples:
Sutural Bones - Are small, irregular bones
Mostly spongy bone
Examples:
Irregular Bones - Have complex shapes
Mostly compact bone
Examples:
Short Bones - Are small and thick
Cube-shaped and mostly spongy bone
Examples:
Seasmoid Bone - Special type of short bone
Mostly spongy bone
Example:
Directions: Name and classify (by shape) the below bones.
Name:
Name:
Classification:
Classification:
Name:
Name:
Classification:
Classification:
Name:
Name:
Classification:
Classification:
Axial Skeleton
Notes
Name _____________________________
3rd Period
Axial Sekelton
80 Bones Segregated into three Regions
1.
2.
3.
Verterbral Column
Formed from _______________ irregular bones

Cervical vertebrae
7 bones of the neck

Thoracic vertebrae
12 bones of the torso

Lumbar vertebrae
5 bones of the lower back

Sacrum
bone inferior to the lumbar vertebrae that
articulates with the hip bones
The first cervical vertebrae (C1) is called the
____________________________.
The second cervical vertebrae (C2) is called the _________________________.
The sacrum Consists of _____________fused vertebrae (S1-S5).
The Coccyx is made up of four (in some cases three to five) fused vertebrae that articulate
superiorly with the sacrum
Bony Thorax (Rib Cage)
•
The thoracic cage is composed of:
1. thoracic vertebrae
2. ribs
Functions
– Forms a protective cage around the heart and lungs
– Supports the shoulder girdles and upper limbs
– Provides attachment for many neck, back, chest, and shoulder muscles
Sternum
A dagger-shaped, flat bone that lies in the anterior
midline of the thorax
Ribs
•
•
There are ______________ pair of ribs forming the flaring sides of the thoracic cage
All ribs attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae
Ribs 1-7 (true ribs) attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilages
Ribs 8-10 (false ribs) attach indirectly to the sternum via costal cartilage
Ribs 11-12 (floating) have no anterior attachment
Terms to know:
Anterior –
Posterior -
Appendicular Skeleton
Notes
Name _____________________________
3rd Period
Pectoral Girdle
The pectoral girdles consist of the anterior clavicles and the posterior scapulae
They attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton in a manner that allows for maximum movement.
Clavicle
Are attachment points for numerous muscles
Act as braces to hold the scapulae and arms out laterally away from the body