PROGRAMRECOMMENDEDFORDISCONTINUANCE
COLLEGEOFSANMATEO
AcademicResponsetoProgramRecommendedforDiscontinuance
ThisreportrespondstotheTier1Fall2012ReportonProgramDiscontinuanceforHorticulture
submittedtotheAcademicSenateGoverningCouncilonJune24,2011.
Introduction
TheScienceandHorticulturefacultyopposethediscontinuanceoftheHorticultureprogram
andrespectfullyrequesttheAcademicSenateGoverningCouncil(ASGC)opposethe
discontinuanceoftheHorticultureProgramandrecommendsthattheBoardofTrusteestakes
noactiononthismatterduringsummer2011.Weopposethisactionbasedonthefollowing:
x
x
x
x
x
TheHorticultureProgramhasgoodretention(91%to92%)andLOAD(556to611
beforetheprogramwentonhiatusandafterconsolidatingasanightprogram)formost
oftheyearssince2006comparedtootherprograms.(Inspring2009whenthe
Administration’’sBudgetReductionProposal(thefall2009““list””)wasputtogetherthe
LOADwas577.)
TheHorticultureProgramhasacurriculumthatalignswiththeproposedTransferModel
Curriculum(TMC)forAgriculturalSciences.AllcorecoursesinHorticulturearepartof
thoseunderconsiderationfortheTMCforagriculturalsciences.
TheHorticultureProgramcurriculum,withapprovalofprofessionaldevelopmentfunds,
hasbeenrevisedusingadistancelearningmodelofhybridandonlinecourses,aunique
deliverymode,andthatwillincreaseenrollments.Enrollmentsinonlineandhybrid
classesinSciencesareverywellenrolledandhavefullwaitlists.
TheHorticultureProgram(includingfloristryandhorticulture)canbeputonhiatus
followingSpringSemesterof2012,whiletheopportunitiesfortheTMCareexplored,
anduntilthebudgetsituationimproves.TheTMCforAgriculturalSciencesisoneofthe
firstmodelsinresponsetoSB1440becauseoftheimportanceofagriculturalsciences
tothestateofCalifornia.
Californiaagriculture,ofwhichhorticultureandfloricultureisapart,isfarlarger,
measuredbysales,thanthatofanyotherstate.Californiaagricultureproducesmore
valuethanmostcountriesandislargerthan,forexample,suchmajoragricultural
producersasCanadaorAustralia.Horticulturepreparesstudentsforentryintothis
large,diverse,complex,anddynamicindustry.
(http://giannini.ucop.edu/CalAgBook/Chap3.pdf)
1
x
x
x
Thefacilitiesusedbyhorticulturearesharedwith43%ofsciencecourses,inadditionto
otherprogramsoncampus(includingart,photography,MiddleCollege,EOPS,music,
architecture,andothers).
Thedrivingforceforthediscontinuanceofhorticultureandfloristryhasbeenthe
constructionofaparkinglot,notdeficienciesintheprogram.Eliminationofaprogram
tobuildaparkinglotmaynotcomplywithsomeTitle5regulations.
TheHorticultureprogramhaswellestablishedpartnershipsandcollaborationswiththe
UniversityofCaliforniaMasterGardeners,theSanMateoCountyRecycleworksMaster
Composters;andpromotestheCollegeattheDeYoungMuseum,FiloliEstate,theSan
MateoCountyFair,thePlantscapeIndustryAlliance,andothercommunityandstate
venues.
Summary
AdetailedreportfollowsbelowthatanalyzestheCriteriaforProgramEvaluation.Asummaryof
ourconclusions:
I.CriteriaforRetention:
Ic. HorticultureisabroadͲbasedprogramthatprovidesbothtransfer,associatedegrees,
andcertificatesforitsstudents.Studentsinthetransferpathmaychoosenotto
completeacertificate,andtakechemistryandbiologyclassesinadditiontoother
generaleducationrequirements.
Id.HorticulturecoursescouldprovideabasisfortheSB1440TransferModelCurricula
foragriculturalsciences.CͲIDNumberSeriesAGͲEHoutlineacurriculum,whichincludes
corecoursesinthecurrentcurriculumatCollegeofSanMateo,includingboth
horticultureandfloristrycourses.
II.ProgramstoConsiderforSelectiveRetention:
IIa.Horticulturecoursesaverageretentionofcloseto90percent.(PRIEdata)
IIc.HorticultureisonlytaughtattheCollegeofSanMateocampus.Thecampusprovidesthe
onlycollegeͲleveltraininginhorticultureintheCountyofSanMateo.Thismakestheprogram
uniquetothecollegeandthedistrict.
IId.Infallof2010andspringof2011thehorticultureandfloristrycourseswererevisedto
includealongdistancelearningmodel.Thiswouldmakehorticultureeducationservicesunique
totheBayAreaandCalifornia,andenhancedeliveryofagriculture/horticultureeducationto
workingprofessionalsseekingtoadvanceinthefieldorenterthefield.Thislearningmodelis
uniquetohorticultureinthestateandcanservestudentsinsideandoutsidetheDistrict.
2
IIf.ThehorticultureprogramandtheBuilding20complexshouldbeconsideredas
““gem””fortheCollegeofSanMateoCampus.Thebotanicalcollectionincludesover300
speciesofplantsforteachingtrees,shrubs,ornamentals,cutflowers,uniquebotanical
specimens,livingfossils,andavarietyofgrowthforms,seedforms,andfruitforms.A
collectionofthistypeisnotfoundanywhereinthecounty.
IIg.TheHorticultureProgramatCSMhelpspreparestudentsforexaminationsina
numberofcertificateorlicensingprograms.
III.ProgramstoEliminate
IIIa.ThenumberspresentedintheDiscontinuancereporthavebeenfoundtobein
errorforvariousreasons.Correcteddatahasbeenpresentedthatincludeshoursby
arrangementandhasremovedloadaddedforISCduty.FTESandLOADfiguresare
higherthanshownintheDiscontinuanceReport.Forexample,ifafacultymemberis
paidtosupervisetheIntegratedScienceCenter(ISC),thosehoursareaddedtothe
courseLOAD.IftheclasshasHoursByArrangement(HBA),LOADgoesdownforthe
classthathasHBA,ifthosehoursarenotincludedinthecalculation.
IIb.Theprogrammetloadtargetsin2009,andwastrendingupwithnighttime
instruction,priortobudgetreductions.
IIIc.Theconclusionthathorticulturehaslowemploymentdemandreflectsonesetof
dataanddoesnotincludethewidevarietyofjobtitlesandbusinessopportunities
availabletohorticultureprofessionals.Thecostsofsustainability,webelieve,arehigh
estimates.RemodelingBuilding20fordualusebybiologicalsciencesandhorticulture
hasthepotentialtoincreaseservicetomanystudentssentawaybecauseBuilding36is
considerablysmallerthanthefacilitiesitreplaced.Withaminimallyrefurbishedlaband
lectureroomsinBuilding20wecouldserveimpactedbiologycourses,andatthesame
time,lowerthecostofbuildinganewhorticulture/floristrylab.
Background
ThecurrentproposaltodiscontinuetheHorticultureProgram(Horticulture)followsadecision
bythecollegepresidentandtheBoardofTrustees(Board)inNovemberof2009.Sometimein
earlyormidͲyear,2009,aparkinglot(referredtointhisreportastheEdisonParkingLot)was
plannedfortheBuilding20Complex(whichistheteachingfacilityforhorticulture,sciences,
andotherprograms).Math/Sciencefacultywerenotconsultedpriortothisdecisionregarding
theimpactoftheprojectonacademicprogramsandstudentsuccess.Alongwiththisdecision,
adecisionwasmadenottoprovideafacilityofequivalentcapabilityandqualityatanother
CollegeofSanMateolocation,effectivelyeliminatingtheabilitytodeliveraviablehorticulture
3
program.Theprocessofsharedgovernanceorcollegialconsultationwasnotfollowedas
requiredwithanycampusprocessthatnegativelyimpactsacademicprograms.
TheplansforEdisonParkingLotwerenevermentionedinanypublicvenue(BoardMeetingsor
AcademicSenate)inthemonthsleadinguptotheoriginalplannedconstructiondateof
Summer2010.Infact,thehorticulturefacultyfoundoutabouttheprojectbyaccidentin
Novemberof2009.Amonthbefore,Horticulturewasoriginallyplacedontheadministration’’s
BudgetReductionProposal(thefall2009““list””)withoutconsiderationofProgramImprovement
Viability(PIV).AtthetimeHorticulturewaslistedforelimination,theaverageloadwas577.1,
andnotacandidateforPIVaccordingtoestablishedcriteria.ThiswaspointedoutinResolution
20unanimouslyapprovedbytheAcademicSenateonJanuary26,2010.Sincethistime,there
havebeen““afterthefact””discussionsabouttheprogramandproposalsforalternatefacilities.
Theseproposalshaveneverequaledthequalityofinstructionalfacilitiesthatexistnow.
Negotiationswereconstrainedbybudgetsthatwereinsufficienttomeetprogramneeds.
Horticulturewasincludedasafundedfacilityprograminboththe2001and2006MasterPlans,
developedafterBondMeasuresCandA.Horticultureisspecificallynamedinbothplans.
SharedGovernanceisalsomentionedasafundamentalprocessintheintroductiontoboth
plans.InstatementstotheBoard(DistrictSenatePresidentPattyDilko,May13,2009)
concerningprogramstobeeliminatedanddespitethebudgetissuesfacingthecollege,all
programsweresupposedtobeaffordedaconsultationprocessandtransparencyindecisionͲ
making.HorticulturewasneverconsultedorproposedforPIVduringallofthistime.PIVwas
neverinitiatedduringyearlyProgramReviews.AFacilitiesPIVwasrequestedbyPresident
ClaireandChancellorGalatoloonFeb16,2011andtheFacilitiesPIVcommitteewasapproved
byAcademicSenateonMar8,2011.FacultybeganresearchingforthePIVstudy.President
MikeClaireagreedtoprovideScience/HorticulturefacultywithaconstructionscheduleonFeb
22,2011,butthefirstschedulehesharedwasonApril21,2011.Theconstructionschedulehe
sharedindicatedthedemolitionplans.OnApril21,Divisionstaffwasnotifiedofthe
discontinuanceoftheHorticultureProgramandgiveninstructionstoreadythefacilitiesfor
demolitionbyJuly1,2011.
ResponsetoDiscontinuanceCriteria
TheDiscontinuanceReportprovidesananalysisofthediscontinuancecriteriaonly.Webelieve
andprovidenotesbelowofreasonstoconsiderretainingHorticultureasaprogramatthe
CollegeofSanMateo.
Criteria(Basedon““CriteriaforProgramReduction,Compression,Elimination,and
ConsolidationandCoordination,””distributedbyeͲmailtoallCSMemployees)
4
I.ProgramsToRetain
a)NotApplicable
b)NotApplicable
c)Retainselectprogramsrequiredforthemostfrequentlypursuedassociatedegrees,
certificates,andtransferprograms.
HorticultureisabroadͲbasedprogramthatprovidesbothtransfer,associatedegrees,
andcertificatesforitsstudents.
d)RetainselectprogramstoreflectanadequatenumberofadditionalSB1440TransferModel
Curricula(TMC)acrosstheCollege.(Thismusttakeintoconsiderationtheneedtobeselectively
comprehensiveandrequiresusingprofessionaljudgmenttoapplymultiplemeasures.)
HorticulturecoursescouldprovideabasisfortheSB1440TransferModelCurriculafor
agriculturalsciences.CͲIDNumberSeriesAGͲEHoutlineacurriculum,whichincludes
similarcoursesinthecurrentcurriculumatCollegeofSanMateo,includingboth
horticultureandfloristrycourses.ThefirststepinthedevelopmentofaTMCisthe
developmentofCIͲDcoursesandcoursedescriptors.SeetheTMCforAgricultural
Sciencescourselistingsattheendofthisreport.Corecoursesinthehorticulture
programarepartoftheAgricultureTMC.
II.ProgramstoConsiderforSelectiveRetention(Reduction)
a)Considerretainingprogramswithastrongrecordofretention,persistence,andgoal
attainment.
Horticulturecoursesaverageretentionofcloseto90percent.
b)Notapplicable
c)Considerretainingprogramsthatareuniqueandhaveahighdemandforemployment.
HorticultureisonlytaughtattheCollegeofSanMateocampus.Thecampusprovides
theonlycollegeͲleveltraininginhorticultureintheCountyofSanMateo.Thismakesthe
programuniquetothecollegeandthedistrict.Horticulturewasoriginallyestablishedat
thecollege60yearsago.Thehorticultureprogramhasalonghistoryoftraining
horticultureprofessionalsinthecounty.Seecommentsonemploymentdemandin
CriteriaIIIbelow.
5
d)Considerretainingprogramsthatareinnovative/cuttingedge.
Wewouldliketopointoutthatinfallof2010andspringof2011thehorticultureand
floristrycourseswererevisedtoincludealongdistancelearningmodel.Thiswould
makehorticultureeducationservicesuniquetotheBayAreaandCalifornia,and
enhancedeliveryofhorticultureeducationtoworkingprofessionalsworkinginthefield
orseekingtoenterthefield.Thislearningmodelisuniquetohorticultureinthestate
andhasthepotentialtoservemanystudents.Bothfloristryandhorticulturecourses
havebeenreͲwrittenashybridcoursesforafterͲhoursoreveninginstruction.The
courseswillfeaturetechnical,designandtheorynormallytaughtaslecturetobe
deliveredonline.ThestudentswillcometocampusforhandsͲonlabsonly.
e)NotApplicable
f)Considerretainingprogramsthathavevaluetothecommunityatlarge.
ThehorticultureprogramandtheBuilding20complexshouldbeconsideredas““gem””
fortheCollegeofSanMateoCampus.Thebotanicalcollectionincludesover300species
ofplantsforteachingtrees,shrubs,ornamentals,cutflowers,uniquebotanical
specimens,livingfossils,andavarietyofgrowthforms,seedforms,andfruitforms.A
collectionofthistypeisnotfoundanywhereinthecounty,includingtheFiloliEstate
andtheSanMateoArboretum.Nocommunitycollegeintheregionhasaproduction
greenhousethesizeandcapabilityofCSM’’sgreenhouses.TheBuilding20complexisa
uniqueassemblageofareasdesignedforteachingthefullrangeofhorticultureand
floristryskills.Thelawnsandputtinggreenwereestablishedtotrainlandscape
professionalsonturfmanagement.Thegardenswiththeshrubs,vinesand
groundcoversallowteachingofplantidentificationwithapproximately75%ofthe
specimensinthecomplex.Thecomplexproducesavarietyofperennialcutflower
materials.Thelandscapeisalsomature,showingfullygrownfloweringandfruiting
specimens.
Theprogram,andthepartnershipsthathavebeenestablished,servethecommunityat
large.Thedepartmenthashostedanumberofcommunityeducationeventsand
partnerswithgreengrowing/greenindustryentitiesinthecounty.Samplesofthese
programsinclude:
1. MasterComposters.MasterCompostersisavolunteertrainingprogramthateducates
thepubliconcompostingandreducingwastesgoingtolandfill.Thisorganizationhas
trainedonourcampusformanyyears.MasterCompostersisoneoftheCountyofSan
MateoinitiativesinitsRecycleworksprogramandispartofthemandateforAB939,the
CaliforniaRecyclingLaw.
6
2. MasterGardeners:thisisavolunteereducationextensionprogram,whichispartofthe
UniversityofCaliforniaExtensionServiceorUCCE.UCCEisestablishedinCaliforniaand
otherstateswithLandGrantuniversitiestoextendagriculturalresearchcomingoutof
theuniversitysystemstothepublicatlarge.
3. DeYoungMuseumBouquetstoArt:thisisanannualeventthatinvitestopdesigners
fromaroundtheBayAreatocreateinterpretivefloraldesignsfortheartexhibitsatthe
museum.Onlyaccomplisheddesignersareinvitedtoparticipateintheevent.The
College’’sinstructorsareamongthisgroup.Annually,theinstructorscreateanexhibit,
callingattentiontothecollege.
4. FiloliEstate:thisisanannualeventthatinvitesdesignersfromthecountytocreatea
floraldesignshowinthemansioninMay.TheCollegeinstructors,andanumberof
formerandcurrentstudentsapplyandreceiveinvitationstoparticipateinthisevent.
5. SanMateoCountyFair:thedepartmenthasbeenrequestedinyearspasttoassistthe
CollegewithitsannualactivitiesattheSanMateoCountyFair.Floristryhascontributed
designsandconductedstageshowsformanyyearsatthefair.Manyofourstudents
competeandwinprizesatthefairingrowingandfloraldesign.
6. MonthlyGeneralMeetings:thefloristrystudentorganization,theStudentAmerican
InstituteofFloralDesignersAlexanderGrahamChapter,sponsorsmonthlydesignshows
aspartofitspartnershipwiththeAmericanInstituteofFloralDesigners(AIFD).AIFD
onlysponsorsaccredited2Ͳyearand4Ͳyearcolleges.TheCollegeisoneofonly15
collegesinthenationthatmeritAIFDChapters.Theshowsareopentoallstudentsand
thepublic.TheCollegeisabletodrawtoplocalandoutͲofͲtowndesignerstothese
shows,whicharewellͲattended.
7. PlantscapeIndustryAlliance:inthepasttheCollegehassponsorededucational
meetingsforthisorganizationwhichservestheinteriorplantscapeindustry.Meetings
havebeensuspendedsinceHort325wasputonhiatus.Horticulturefacultycontinueto
maintainarelationshipwithinteriorplantscapeorganizations.
8. Floristryandhorticulturehaveprepareddesignsandplantsformanycampusevents:
TheannualmulticulturalawardseventsponsoredbyEOPSandtheCalifornia
CommunityCollegeAssociation,aresomeexamples.
9. TheHolidaySale.TheannualHolidaySalewasapopularcommunityeventthatwasheld
formanyyears.Horticultureandfloristrystudentsgrewpoinsettiasandpreparedfresh
plantsandholidaydesignsforthisevent.Theeventwassuspendedin2009becauseof
constructionandtheprogrambeingputonhiatus.Wereceivedmanycallsfromthe
publicregardingthelossofthesale.Thesalewasreinstatedin2010.Thissalewasalso
animportantfundraiserfortheprograms.Proceedsfromsalesandshowssupport
improvementstofacilities.
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10. ThecurrentgreenhouseisalsosharedwithGroundsstaff.Groundsstaffpropagate
manyoftheplantsusedoncampusfromcuttings,savingthepurchaseofnurserystock.
g)Considerretainingprogramsthatleadtolicensure
TheHorticultureProgramatCSMhelpspreparestudentsforexaminationsinthe
followingcertificateorlicensingprograms:
x
x
x
x
x
x
CaliforniaDepartmentofPesticideRegulation’’sQualifiedApplicator
CaliforniaCertifiedNurserymanCertificate
CaliforniaLandscapeContractor’’sLicense
PLANETLandscapeIndustryCertifiedTechnicians
CaliforniaCertifiedFlorist
AmericanInstituteofFloralDesignersAccreditationasCertifiedFloralDesigneror
AccreditedDesigner
III.ProgramstoEliminate
a)Considerfordiscontinuanceprogramsandtransferpathwaysthatservefewstudents
Wedisputethisconclusion.A““smallprogram””needstobeputintocontextwithother
programsatthecampusthatarebeingretained.
Thefollowingdatawaspresentedinthe““ProgramRecommendedforDiscontinuance””
forHorticulturedistributedbytheadministrationonJune29,2011.
Term
Fall2006
Fall2007
Fall2008
Fall2009
Fall2010
Fill
HORT HORT
Rate
FTEF FTES
50.20% 1.48 18.16
60.40% 1.51 20.04
81.00% 1.07 14.48
85.00% 0.58 10.13
71.70% 0.59
4.5
%of
College
Total
HORT HORT College
FTES
WSCH LOAD LOAD
0.46%
544
373
500
0.50%
601
399
506
0.36%
434
405
522
0.20%
303
519
579
0.10%
135
277
589
Thehighlightednumbershavebeenfoundtobeinerrorforvariousreasons.Infact,4
outofthe5semestersprovidedshowHORTFTEFdifferentthaninrawdataprovidedby
PRIE.Asprogramreviewevolvesweneedanequalizingmechanismtomakeafair
8
comparisontootherprograms.Productivitydataneedtoreflecttheactualrevenues
beingbroughtintothecollegebyaparticularprogram.
AcommonerrorpresentintheHORTWSCHisthathoursͲbyͲarrangementwerenot
includedinthedataprovidedbyPRIEsoestimatesofcontacthoursareartificiallylow.
ItmayinfactbethecasethatthehoursͲbyͲarrangementlistedbothinCSM’’sCollege
CatalogandthescheduleofclasseswereoverlookedandnotenteredintoBanner.
SinceLOADandFTESaredirectlyproportionaltoWSCH,HORTLOADandHORTFTES
wereundercounted.
ForFall2009andFall2010,thePRIEdataadditionallyincludesfacultyLOADintheISC,
thoughthefacultybeingpaidtobeintheISCwasservingallofthesciencesstudents(a
secondFSAofthefacultymember).
BelowisarevisedtablewithcorrecteddatacountinghoursͲbyͲarrangement(HBA)(as
currentlyreportedtothestate).Ascomparedtothetableabove,theseerrorscan
significantlyaffecttheresults.1
Term
Fall2006
Fall2007
Fall2008
Fall2009
Fall2010
Fill
HORT
Rate
FTEF
50.20% 1.46
60.40% 1.50
81.00% 1.00
85.00% 0.55
71.70% 0.35
%of
College
HORT HORT College
HORT Total
WSCH LOAD LOAD
FTES FTES
19.53
586
401
500
21.01
630
420
506
17.86
536
536
522
10.13 0.20%
303
556
579
5.42
162.6
469
589
Horticulturereduceditsofferingsfrom9sectionsinFall2006andFall2007to7sections
inFall2008anditsLOADrosefromabout100pointsbelowthecollegeaverage,to
slightlyabovethecollegeaverage.HORTLOADinFall2009wascomparableto,though
slightlylessthan,thecollegeaverage.(Althoughforthe2009Ͳ2010academicyear,
HORTLOADwas611.).HORTLOADinFall2010wasbelow500,butwiththegrowth
showntheprevious3years,doesnotindicateadownwardtrend.
[Springandacademicyearfollow.]
1
Forexample,Case1)acoursewith35studentsand3hoursoflecturewith/without1hourofHBAperweekwouldproduceWSCHvaluesof:
35x3=105comparedto35x4=140.AsimilarcoursewithonefacultymemberwouldproduceanFTEvalueof0.2.Case2)Thesamecourse
withanotherpersontiedtobeingpaidtosupervisetheISCfor2hoursperweekwouldproduceanFTEvalueof1.4.LOADwouldbecalculated
asfollows:1)LOADis525withoutHBAand700withHBA.2)LOADwithISCdutyincludedinerroris105/3.3=30.8or140/3.3=40.1.
9
Fill
HORT
Term
Rate
FTEF
Spring2007
1.97
Spring2008
2.04
Spring2009
0.95
Spring2010
0.75
Spring2011
0.35
%of
College
HORT HORT
HORT Total
WSCH LOAD
FTES FTES
29.52
886
449
25.74
772
379
18.21
546
577
16.23
487
652
5.3
159
458
Previous
Fall
College
LOAD
500
506
522
579
589
HORTLOADinSpringof2009wasinthetophalfofdepartmentslistedbyLOAD(PRIE
Data,Dated10/18/2009).
AY
2006Ͳ7
2007Ͳ8
2008Ͳ9
2009Ͳ10
2010Ͳ11
Fill
Rate
HORT
FTEF
3.43
3.54
1.95
1.29
0.69
%of
College
Fall
HORT HORT College
HORT Total
WSCH LOAD LOAD
FTES FTES
49.05
1471
428
500
46.76
1403
396
506
36.07
1082
556
522
26.36
791
611
579
10.72
322
464
589
Thenumberofstudentsintheprogrampersemesterperyearisasfollows:
Year(FalltoSpring)
2006Ͳ7(9HortCourses)
2007Ͳ8(9HortCourses)
2008Ͳ9(7and5HortCourses)
2009Ͳ10(3Ͳ4HortCourses)
2010Ͳ11(2HortCoursesinbudget
reduction)
Enrollmentsat
Census
296
346
282
181
96
TherevisedtableaboveshowsandcorrespondswithareportissuedfortheASGC
processin2009thatpreparedthebudgetreductionlistissuedinOctober(dated2009
report10/18/09).ThislistshowedanFTEFof.9;FTESof18.2;andaLOADof577.1.
Horticulturewasmeetingtheloadtargetof570atthattime.Trendsshowthatas
10
horticulturemovedtonighttimeinstruction,trendswereimproving,untilbudget
reductionswereputinplace.Thesamereportshows13programsbelowHorticulturein
FTES;and33programswithlowerLOAD.TheDiscontinuanceReportconcludesthat
Horticultureisbelowcollegeaverages,ratherthantargetloads.Therearelikelymany
programs,particularlyCTEprogramsthatcannotmatchthesizeoftransferprograms.
TheDiscontinuanceReportmakesthiscomment:““Thefaculty[is]tobecommendedfor
makingadjustmentstotheprogramoverthepasttwoyears.””However,recent
historicaldataclearlyindicatethatfullHorticulture/Floristryprogramservesfew
studentsrelativetocollegeFTESandenrollmentanddepartmentLOADissubstantially
belowcollegeaverages.Iftheprogramisbeingcomparedtocollegeaverages,rather
thanloadtargetsbyprogram,thentheanalysisshouldcompareotherprogramsto
providesomeperspective.Theadjustmentsintheprogramthatweremadestartingin
2008indicateahealthyenrollmentinhorticulturecoursesthatconvertedtonight
instruction.
TheDiscontinuanceReportmakesthecomment:““Fewcertificatesanddegreeshave
beenawardedintheseprogramsoverthepastseveralyears.””ThePRIEdatadonot
reflectthetransferstudentswhomaytransferintohorticultureprogramswithout
earninganASdegreeinhorticulture.Afterthebudgetreductionstookplace,
horticultureandfloristrydidnothavetheabilitytoprovideenoughunitsforcertificates
inhorticultureorfloristry.Infloristry,manyofthecourseswereremovedfromthe
schedule.Somestudentschosetorepeatcoursesoffered,butsomedidnot,andchose
towaituntilthecourseswerereinstated.Currently,wehave52studentsintheprogram
pipelinewhodesiretogettheircertificates.
ProvidingonlytwocoursesinaprogramtheFTESisgoingtogodown.Mostofthe
decisionͲmakingregardinghorticulturehasbeenbasedonthepostͲreductionnumbers
oftheprogram,notafullprogramthatisbeingheldatnight.Wecanprojectthatwith
mostlyonlineandhybridcoursesclasseswillfillastheydowithotheronlineofferings.
Outof97students47obtaincertificates.Thisisapercentageof48.5percentof
students.Thisdatashouldbecomparedtootherprogramsbasedonapercentagebasis
notbasedontotalsforthecollege.
ItshouldbenotedthatHORT/FLORfacultystatethatmanystudents““jobout””before
receivingadegreeorcertificate.Facultydoesnotrecallthispoint.Notethepercentage
showaboveindicateahealthynumberofstudentsgoontogetcertificates.Students
don’’tnecessarilyjobout,butentertheindustryandcontinueworkingtowarda
certificate.Theonlineandhybridcurriculumwillmaketheprogrammoreefficientfor
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obtainingcertificates.Thenumberofcertificateshasnotbeenanissuediscussedin
programreviews.Ifithad,wewouldhavesetupaninitiativetoencouragestudentsto
earntheircertificates.
TheDiscontinuanceReportmakesseveralstatementsagainandagainhowtheprogram
issmallandlowenrolled.However,theissuewasneverformallyaddressedinProgram
ReviewsoraddressedunderProgramImprovementViability.Enrollmenttargetswere
sufficientbasedonpriorcommunications,andcomparativecollegedatauntiltheissue
oftheEdisonParkingLotwasbroughtupbytheConstructionPlanningDepartment.
TheCollege,webelieve,recognizedthefactthatthefacilitieswerelongoverduefor
upgradingandthiswaslikelyhurtingenrollments.ThisisillustratedundertheIPP
statementasfollows(December2007):
This Initial Project Proposal will renovate Building 20 (13,126 GSF), which is in poor condition, but
because of the concrete construction maintains structural integrity. It is a 40-year building that has
not been modernized since it was built. The focus of this project will be to improve the classroom
space and support CSM’s important Horticulture and Floristry programs, which feed into San Mateo
County's critical agricultural industry. Modernizing the adjacent greenhouses and improving the
outdoor classroom spaces is integral to this project with the goal of providing modern, controlled
plant growth facilities and instructional laboratories. Bringing green technological solutions to an old
building will allow the program to use such solutions as part of the educational mission, and use the
building as a marketing tool to future students. Another important aspect of this project is to activate
a portion of the campus that is isolated and remote. In addition, other vocational programs will need
classroom and office space after the demolition of the seismically unsafe buildings that currently
house these programs. Included as part of this project are safety and security enhancements,
improvements to the indoor air quality with substantive changes to the building’s ventilation system.
The building has numerous safety problems including required asbestos abatement, insufficient
wiring for standard information technology and other electronic systems. The project will upgrade
the electrical system, renovate restrooms, as well modernize digital building controls and address
ADA accessibility issues.
SeediscussionunderIIIc.below.
b)ConsiderforeliminationprogramswithlowLOAD,FillRate,WSCH,and/orenrollment(LOAD
targetis570assetbytheBudgetPlanningCommittee[BPC]andapprovedbytheInstitutional
PlanningCommittee[IPC].)
Asnotedabove,Horticulturehasmetitstargetloadthe2yearsoutofthe6analyzedafter
nighttimeinstructionwasestablishedandwastrendingup,untilbudgetreductionwas
implemented.Fillratesarehigh.
c)Considerforeliminationprogramswithhighcostsofsustainabilityandlowemployerdemand
andhighcostsofsustainability
WewouldliketoseeareportofotherprogramstomakeafaircomparisonwithotherCTE
programs.Horticultureonlyreceivesanannualbudgetof$4,000peryearthatgoesmostlyto
horticulturecourses.Floristrytraditionallyhasraiseditsownfundsforfacilityimprovements
12
andsupplies.Notethatthespecialequipmentinthelab,includingthecooler,specialsinks,
mats,allwerepurchasedbythestudentsthroughfundraising.Anupgradeofthegreenhouse
tookplacein1993,withfundsfromstudentplantsales,theCollegeHorticultureClub
purchasedaPrivacomputertomonitorandcontrolthegreenhouseenvironment.In1998,the
nurseryindustry,communitymembers,andtheCollegeHorticultureClubpaidforthe
installationofamodernpolycarbonaterooftoreplacetheglassroof.Someofthesponsors
includedPacificGasandElectricCompany,HalfMoonBayNursery,HankSciaroni(UCCE),Bay
CityFlowerCompany,andBrownFerrisIndustries.Since2001,horticulturewasanamed
programinboththe2001and2006FacilitiesMasterPlans.Horticulturefacultydidnotembark
onanymajorfundraisingforanyupgrades,believingthatbondmoneywasapproved.IFstaff
hadknownthatbondmoneywasgoingtobewithdrawn,wewouldhavemovedtoupgradeour
facilityasbefore.Infact,anticipatingbondfunds,butnotforsomeyears,horticulturestaff
wrotetwograntsinearly2009forgardenbedupgrades,thatwerenotsubmittedbecauseof
beingnotifiedoftheEdisonParkingLotProject.Further,horticulturestaffwillraisefundsfor
thehorticultureprogramifnecessary.
CostofGreenhouses
SanJoseCityCollegegreenhouseisnotafairestimate.Thisgreenhouseispartofabuildingand
thereforehashighercostsofconstruction,andisnotdesignedasateachinggreenhouse.The
otherestimatesaremoreinlinewiththetypeofgreenhousethatcouldreplacetheexisting
greenhouse.ThestorageshedsareprobablysoundandwellͲconstructed.Thelathhouseneeds
toberebuiltbutisrelativelycostͲeffectivetobuildneedingonlylathandreͲinstallationofweed
clothflooring.InformaldiscussionshavetakenplacewithMasterGardenersaboutrebuilding
thelathhouse.
TheDiscontinuanceReportmakesthisstatement:““Thefloristrycoursesrequirealaboratory
roomwithspecialequipment.””Thisisnottrue.Theexistinglabisamultipurposelabwhere
floristryspecialtyequipmentwasadded,mostlypurchasedbythestudents.The““specialty
equipment””includesaceilingmountedmirror(thatcanbereused),asmallwalkͲincooler(not
awalkͲincoldroom),deepsinks(offͲtheshelfstainlesssinks),andaccesstothelab(nota
loadingdock).TheoperatingnumberforaclassroomgiventotheVolunteerCommittee(Task
Force)in2010was1millionforaclassroom.Webelievefullconsiderationofreasonable
optionshasnotbeenfullystudiedbytheCollege.Includedintheestimateshouldbethecostof
amodestremodelofBuilding20,notbuildinganewlab(the2.5to3milliondollarestimate
quotedintheDiscontinuanceReport).Wewouldalsoliketoknowhowthesecostscompareto
otherprogramsthathavereceivedbondfunds,suchascosmetology,nursing,art,sciences,
digitalmedia,andphysicaleducation,etc.
13
NotethattheIPPproposedminimalimprovementstoBuilding20:asbestosabatement,wiring
upgradeforsmartclassrooms,renovationofrestrooms.Theprojectwillupgradetheelectrical
system,renovaterestrooms,aswellmodernizedigitalbuildingcontrolsandaddressADA
accessibilityissues.Wereceivedonewiringestimatefor$2500;asbestosabatementisonly
requiredforthewindowsaccordingtheAsbestosandLeadSurveyReport;ADAmayrequire
remodelingthebathrooms.
FacilitiescostshavenotbeenanissueatProgramReviews.Weagainbelievethesediscussions
areafterthefactjustificationsdrivenbytheEdisonParkingLotProjectandthefactthatthe
horticulturefacilityimprovementsweredeferredtotheendoftheCapitalImprovement
Program(CIP2).
EmployerDemand
WerequesttoseetheemployerdemanddatacitedintheDiscontinuanceReport.Thesedata
arelikelydependentonwhatjobtitlesareusedtobasethenumberson.Thedataresearched
byscienceandhorticulturefacultyindicatehorticultureandfloristryarediversefieldsofferinga
widevarietyofjobandbusinessownershipmodels.Horticultureisclassedasastablefield,with
abaselineofemploymentopportunitiesregardlessoftheeconomy(TritonCollege
http://www.triton.edu).PIVwouldhavebeenthevenuetolookataligninghorticultureand
floristryeducationtoservethefutureemploymentoutlookinthisfield.Anexaminationof
differentsourcesindicatesthattheemploymentpicturevariesdependingonwhatyou
examineasa““job””inthisfield.
Horticulture/EnvironmentalHorticulture/Agriculture
TheU.S.DepartmentofLaborStatisticsshowsomesectorsofthefieldareshrinking,butsome
areexpanding.Overallagriculturalmanagementservices,ofwhichhorticultureisapart,
expectsmodestgrowth.Largergrowthisexpectedintechnicalserviceareasrelatedto
agriculture.Horticulturemajorshaveawidevarietyofoccupationstochoosefrom.These
include:operatingagreenhouse,landscapingservice,vegetablefarm,ororchard,landscape
designandmaintenance,marketingofhorticulturalproducts,appliedresearchinplants,crops
andpests,cropinspection,andmanyotherfields.Facilitiesorlandmanagementorganizations
thathirehorticulturalprofessionalsincludethemeparks,athleticfieldsandgolfcourses,and
nurseries,privatefarms,botanicalgardens.Thestatisticsprovidedlikelydonotinclude
businessownershipopportunities.Manyhorticulturestudentshavetheopportunitytoopen
privatelandscapeservicesbusinessesordesignstudios.Thedemandforenvironmental
horticultureisagrowingfield.Theneedforenvironmentalrestorationerosionpreventionwill
requiremoreexpertsinenvironmentalhorticulture.Theincreaseindevelopingmore
14
sustainablecroppingsystemsandplantmaterialsisincreasing.Thedesiretogrowmorefood
locallyisleadingtoanincreaseinurbanfarmingservices.Seetablesattachedattheendofthis
report.Asurveyofhorticulturebusinessesinthecountyproducedover350companies.
(Source:U.S.DepartmentofLaborStatistics:http://stats.bls.gov/oco/ocos176.htm#outlook)
Floristry
TheU.S.DepartmentofLabordoesshowtheemploymentdecliningforfloraldesigners,butthe
jobopportunitiesasgoodbecauseofturnoverintheindustry.Thefloristryprogramspecifically
addressespreparingstudentsforthehighͲendopportunitiesoftheprofession.Entrylevelfloral
designershavetoadvanceinalargerenterpriseoropentheirownshops.Arecentemailsurvey
ofourowngraduatesshowedoverfiftypercentwasworkinginthebusiness,manyofthem
withtheirownfloralenterprises.
ResearchcompletedbyDr.DennisH.Tootelian,DirectoroftheCenterforSmallBusiness
atCaliforniaStateUniversity,Sacramentostatesthattheexpendituresbygrowers,
wholesalers,retailersandaffiliatedbusinessescreatearippleeffectthatgenerates
121,950fulltimeequivalentjobsinCalifornia.Thismeansthattherearealargevarietyof
jobsthatarerelatedtothefloralindustry.Asurveyoffloralbusinessesinthecounty
producedover180companies(notesomemayoverlapwithhorticulture).
TheGreenIndustry
ItwouldbeunfortunateiftheCollegeeliminateditsopportunitytoparticipateintheGreen
Industrygoingforward.Anyconsiderationofthepermanenteliminationofhorticulture
educationinthecountyshouldbeevaluatedinthecontextofthegrowthandpotentialofthe
greenindustry.Theindustryhasbeenchallengedbytherecession,asmanyprogramshave
been.TheIPPforBuilding20hadthebeginningofa21stCenturyVisionwhenitstated:““.
Bringinggreentechnologicalsolutionstoanoldbuildingwillallowtheprogramtousesuch
solutionsaspartoftheeducationalmission,andusethebuildingasamarketingtooltofuture
students.””Greenjobscouldincludehorticulturebutextendintoothergreentechnologies.For
example,somegreenbuildingconceptsarestartingtofeatureplantsin,outside,oron
rooftops,aspartoftheirdesigns.SeveralinnovativecompaniesthatoperateintheBayArea
aredeployingverticalgardensandfarmsconcepts.Thescienceandhorticulturestaffbelieves
theBuilding20complexcangrowovertimeasapotentialsiteforavarietyofeducation
missionsforourstudents.InformaldiscussionshavetakenplacewithotherCollegeprograms
aboutthepossibilitiesofinterdisciplinarycollaborationandfundraisingforgreenindustry
demonstrations.
15
Areport,publishedin2007andupdatedin2010calledtheEconomicContributionsofthe
GreenIndustryintheUnitedStates.Thisreportcites257,885greenjobsinCaliforniawithan
economicimpactof16milliondollars(2010data).(Source:
http://www.fred.ifas.ufl.edu/economicͲimpactͲanalysis/pdf/USͲgreenͲindustryͲinͲ2007.pdf).
Savings
Thereportstateshorticulturefacultyistobecommendedforeffortstomakeadjustmentsto
theprogram.Facultyhasdonethisrecentlyandinthepast.Thefloristryprogramwas
revampedoveraperiodof2000Ͳ2001toreͲwritetheprogramFROM3unitcoursesto1.5unit
coursesinresponsetomodularlearningatthetimeandtoallowforallnightͲtimeteachingof
thefloristrycurriculum.Theorganizationoftheunitsandnumberofcourseswasonly
addressedin2010andwasnotanissueinpreviousprogramreviews.Whenthisissuewas
broughttoourattention,weimmediatelyresponded.Thecurrentfloristryprogramconsistsof
12unitstotal,43ͲunitcourseswiththebreadthrequirementsintegratedintootherCSM
programsincludingart,biology,andbusiness.
CostAvoidance
Webelieveasstatedabovetheestimatedcostsforsustainingahorticultureorgreenindustry
facilityistoohigh.TheBuilding20Complexwascarriedinallplansasa““funded””program.The
3.5Ͳ4millionestimateisequivalenttotheIPPproposalsubmittedin2007forCapitalOutlay
Funds.Thecollegehasfound$3Minbondfundstobuildaparkinglot.Webelievethatsomeof
thesefundscouldbeemployedineducationalfacilities,ratherthanparking.Wecanassume
thattheoriginal““funded””amountintheIPPreportof$1Mshouldbeusedforscienceand
horticulture.
Thecurrentfloristrystudentsinthepipelinetotal52students,includingreturningstudentswho
needtocompleteunits.Floristrystaffisworkingwiththeadministrationtocompletefloristry
instructionandstudentsinthepipelinebySpringof2012.
OtherConsiderations
ConstructionofthenewCollegeCenter’’sneedsforparkinghavenotbeenfullyanalyzedor
justified.The““need””asdescribedrequiresremovalofanacademicfacilitywithoutgoing
throughthefullconsultationprocessinapropersequenceforeliminationofanacademic
program,asrequiredbyTitleV.Building20isstrategicallysuitedtoserveasadditional
classroomsforsciences.Building36doesnothavethecapacitytoserveallofthestudentswho
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wanttotakeclasses(4fewerlecturerooms,2fewerbiologylabs,and3fewerchemistrylabs).
WithmodestimprovementsBuilding20couldaddressimpactedprograms.
Belowaretheproposedcourses,withtheirdescriptors(CͲIDorcourseidentificationnumbersystem),
fortheTransferModelCurriculum(TMC)forAgriculturalSciences.CoreHorticulturecoursesarepartof
thosemostlikelytobeincludedintheTMCandarehighlighted.
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C-ID #
AG-AB 104
Agricultural Business Course Name
Introduction to Agricultural Business
AG- AB 108L
Agricultural Computer Applications
AG- AB 112L
Agricultural Sales and Communication
AG- AB 116L
Agricultural Marketing
AG- AB 120L
Farm Management
AG- AB 124L
Agriculture Economics
AG- AB 128L
Agricultural Accounting
C-ID #
AG-AS 104/106L
Animal Science Course Name
Introduction to Animal Science
AG-AS 108L
Beef Cattle Science
AG-AS 112L
Dairy Cattle Science
AG-AS 116L
Equine Science
AG-AS 120L
Poultry Science
AG-AS 124L
Sheep Science
AG-AS 128L
Swine Science
AG-AS 132L
Livestock Feeds and Nutrition
AG-AS 136L
Animal Health and Sanitation
AG-AS 140L
Milk Production and Technology
AG-AS 144L
Dairy Cattle Selection and Evaluation
AG-AS 148L
Livestock Selection and Evaluation
AG-AS 152L
Introduction to Meat Science
AG-AS 156L
Animal Breeding and Reproduction
C-ID #
Environmental Horticulture Course Name
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AG-EH 104L
Introduction to Environmental Horticulture
AG-EH 108L
Plant Materials and Usage I
AG-EH 112L
Plant Materials and Usage II
AG-EH 116L
Plant Propagation and Production
AG-EH 120L
Pest Management in Environmental Horticulture
AG-EH 124L
Floriculture Crop Production
AG-EH 128L
Landscape Maintenance
AG-EH 132L
Landscape Construction and Installation
AG-EH 136L
Landscape Design
AG-EH 140L
Turfgrass Management
AG-EH 144L
Landscape Irrigation
AG-EH 148L
Beginning Floral Design
AG-EH 152L
Advanced Floral Design
AG-EH 156L
Horticulture Business Management
AG-EH 160L
Landscape Business Management
C-ID #
Mechanized Agriculture Course Name
AG-MA 104L
Introduction to Mechanized Agriculture
AG-MA 108L
Tractor Operation
AG-MA 112L
Farm Machinery
AG-MA 116L
Agricultural Welding
AG-MA 120L
Small Engines
AG-MA 124L
Agricultural Safety
AG-MA 128L
Equipment Fabrication
AG-MA 132L
Advanced Agricultural Welding
AG-MA 136L
Farm Structures
AG-MA 140L
Diesel Engines
AG-MA 144L
Power Equipment Electrical Systems
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AG-MA 148L
Hydraulics
AG-MA 152L
Power Trains
AG-MA 156L
Power Equipment Air Conditioning
AG-MA 160L
Surveying
AG-MA 164L
Small Power Equipment
C-ID #
Forestry/Natural Resources Course Name
AG-FNR 104L
Introduction to Forestry Science
AG-FNR 108L
Environmental Science
AG-FNR 112L
Dendrology/Native Plant Identification
AG-FNR 116L
Principles of Wildlife Management
AG-FNR 120L
Outdoor Recreation
AG-FNR 124L
Silviculture
AG-FNR 128L
Wildland Fire Technology
AG-FNR 132L
Forest Measurement
AG-FNR 136L
Introduction to Forest Surveying
AG-FNR 140L
Watershed Ecology and Restoration
AG-FNR 144L
Forest Hydrology and Watershed Management
AG-FNR 148L
Forest Ecology
AG-FNR 152L
Forest Remote Sensing and Geographic Information
Systems
AG-FNR 156L
Forest Protection
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C-ID #
AG-PS 104/106L
Plant Science Course Name
Introduction to Plant Science
AG-PS 108L
Agronomy/Field Crops
AG-PS 112L
Vegetable Crops
AG-PS 116L
Forage Crops
AG-PS 120L
Orchard Production and Management
AG-PS 124L
Vineyard Production and Management
AG-PS 128L
Soil Science
AG-PS 132L
Weeds and Poisonous Plants
AG- PS 136L
Fertilizers and Soil Amendments
AG-PS 140L
Irrigation
AG-PS 144L
Economic Entomology
AG-PS 148L
Plant Diseases
AG-PS 152L
Introduction to Fruit Science
AG-PS 156L
Plant Protection/IPM
AG-PS 160
Introduction to Viticulture
AG-PS 164
Topics in Agricultural Pest Control License Updating
AG-PS 168
Plant Science: Problems
C-ID #
Viticulture Course Name
AG-VIT 100
Introduction to Viticulture
AG-VIT 104L
Viticultural Practices Fall
AG-VIT 108L
Viticultural Practices Spring
AG-VIT 112
World Viticulture
AG-VIT 116
Vineyard Management
AG-VIT 120L
Vineyard Pest and Disease Management
AG-VIT 124L
Vineyard Soils, Fertilizers and Irrigation
AG-VIT 128
Grapevine Canopy Management and Trellising
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AG-VIT 132L
Grapevine Pruning
AG-VIT 136
Vineyard Propagation
22
C-ID #
Wine Education and Enology Course Name
AG-WE 104
World Viticulture and Wine Styles
AG-WE 108
Wine Regions of California
AG-WE 112
Wines of the Local Region (Sonoma Example)
AG-WE 116
Wine and Food Pairing
AG-WE 120
Fundamentals of Enology
AG-WE 124L
Fall Winery Operations
AG-WE 128L
Spring Winery Operations
AG-WE 132L
Summer Winery Operations
AG-WE 136L
Advanced Winemaking
AG-WE 140L
Winery Management
AG-WE 144
Sensory Analysis of Wines
AG-WE 148L
Laboratory Analysis of Wines
AG-WE 152L
Fundamentals of Chemistry and Microbiology
AG-WE 156
Wine Marketing and Sales
AG-WE 160
Wine Sales and Distribution
AG-WE 164
Retail Wine Sales
AG-WE 168
Wine Tasting Room Staff Development
C-ID #
Equine Science Course Name
AG-AS 116L
Equine Science
AG-EQ 104L
Equine Reproduction
AG-EQ 108
Equine Business Management
AG-EQ 112
Equine Nutrition
AG-EQ 116
Equine Health
AG-EQ 120L
Basic Equine Handling
AG-EQ 124
Farrier Science
AG-EQ 128L
Western Riding & Horsemanship
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AG-EQ 132L
English Riding & Horsemanship
AG-EQ 136L
Equine Fitting & Showing
AG-EQ 140
Introduction to Therapeutic Riding Principles
AG-EQ 144
Equine Facilities
AG-EQ 148
Introduction to Equine Acupressure & Massage
AG-EQ 152L
Introduction to Horse Training
AG-EQ 156
Equine First Aid
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C-ID #
Sustainable Agriculture Course Name
AG-SA 104
Introduction to Sustainable Agriculture
AG-SA 108L
Exploring Sustainability in Agriculture
AG-SA 112
An Introduction to Sustainable Food Systems
AG-SA 116
Basic Integrated Pest Management Concepts
AG-SA 120L
Agricultural Composting
C-ID #
Veterinary Technician
AG-VET 104
Introduction to Veterinary Technology
AG-VET 108
Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology
AG-VET 112
Veterinary Animal Nursing
AG-VET 116
Small Animal Health and Disease
AG-VET 120
Veterinary Laboratory and Pharmacy Procedures
AG-VET 124
Veterinary Equipment, Operation, Instrumentation & Safety
AG-VET 128
Veterinary Dental and Surgical Assistance
AG-VET 132
Veterinary Medical Office Procedures
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