Lesson Plan
Course Title: Architectural Design
Session Title: Residential Roof Designs
Performance Objective:
After completing this lesson, the students will be able to sketch 10 different types of basic roof
designs, describe the construction of a typical frame roof, and draw roof using a typical roof
slope or pitch. In addition the students will be able to interpret information found on a rafter
span chart and explain the importance of proper ventilation and flashing, plus being able to
compile the appropriate information to order roof trusses for a specific dwelling by meeting the
guidelines that must be met in the textbook Architecture – Residential Drawing and Design by
Clois E. Kicklighter.
Specific Objectives:
The students will be able to:
• Identify the following types/styles of roofs: Gable, Hip, Flat, Shed, Mansard, Gambrel,
Butterfly, A-Frame, Folded Plate, and Curved Panel
• Determine the functionality of each specific roof
• Identify and define the following: Rafter, Slope or Pitch, Inside Width or Clear Span,
Rise, Run, Cornice, Rake, Roof Truss, Gussets, Ventilation, Flashing
• Identify the various truss configurations: Fink, Double W, Howe, Double Howe, King
Post, Modified Queen Post, Step Truss, Dual Pitch, Hip Truss, Mono Pitch, Scissors,
Modified Scissors, Inverted, Stub End, Piggy Back, Flat, Floor Truss- Bottom Chord
Bearing, and Floor Truss – Top Chord Bearing
• Establish when and where gutters and down spouts are used
• Determine the types of roofing and sheathing material used
• Dimension and label the drawing
Preparation
TEKS Correlations:
This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS. Any changes/alterations to the
activities may result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed.
Architectural Design:
•
130.46 (c)(3)(A)(B)(C)
...demonstrate knowledge of architectural design principles;
...determine building code and zoning requirements for building types in a selected area;
...demonstrate knowledge of the various grades and types of construction materials.
•
130.46 (c)(4)(A)(B)(C)
...safely use the tools, materials, and equipment commonly employed in the field of
architectural computer-aided drafting;
...properly handle and dispose of environmentally hazardous materials;
...demonstrate knowledge of new and emerging technologies that may affect the field of
architecture.
•
130.46 (c)(5)(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)(F)(G)(H)(J)(N)(Q)(R)(S)
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...use problem-solving skills to analyze a situation to identify a problem to be solved;
...break a complex problem into component parts that can be analyzed and solved
separately;
...strive for accuracy and precision;
...work independently;
...work collaboratively;
...research an architectural project;
...design and present an effective architectural product;
...present a final architectural product for critique;
...develop preliminary sketches of a commercial or residential architectural design;
...develop building designs to ensure compatibility between interior and exterior to
enhance overall appearance;
...develop details of floor and wall sections as required;
...demonstrate knowledge of the Americans with Disabilities Act; and
...assemble an architectural design in three dimensions.
•
130.46 (c)(13)(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)(F)
...identify the nature of energy;
...relate potential energy, kinetic energy, and heat energy to conservation;
...create an energy model;
...evaluate different methods of energy transfer;
...recognize sustainable design as it relates to architectural design;
...define green architecture as related to the field of architecture.
Interdisciplinary Correlations:
English:
•
•
110.42 (b)(6)(A)(B)
…expand vocabulary through wide reading, listening, and discussing;
…rely on context to determine meanings of words and phrases such as figurative
language, idioms, multiple meaning words, and technical vocabulary;
110.42 (b)(7)(A)(I)(J)
…establish a purpose for reading such as to discover, interpret, and enjoy;
…use study strategies such as skimming and scanning, note taking, outlining, and using
study-guide questions to better understand texts;
…read silently with comprehension for a sustained period of time;
Teacher Preparation:
Teacher should have on hand several complete sets of residential blueprints for the students to
view. It is also very beneficial to have several scale models of the various homes for the
students to view. This will help them understand and visualize spatial relationships as used in
the construction trades.
References:
Kicklighter, C. E. (2003). Architecture residential drawing and design. Roof Designs
(pp. 409-430). Tinley Park, IL: The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc.
Instructional Aids:
1. CADD program
2. various illustrations of floor plans found in magazines, books, and professional
journals
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3. residential blueprints
4. scale models of homes
5. PowerPoints provided with this lesson and found in the teacher editions of many
textbooks
6. textbook – Architecture –Residential Drawing and Design by Clois E. Kicklighter
Materials Needed:
1. paper and pencil (pens are not acceptable for drafting and sketching)
2. sketch pad (optional)
3. notebook/folder to keep sketches, drawings, examples, hand-outs, and other class
related materials
4. architect’s scale
Equipment Needed:
1. computer with appropriate CADD software
2. computer projection unit if available
Learner Preparation:
Have a working understanding of Roof Designs and why it is one of the most important portions
of a set of blueprints.
Introduction
Introduction (LSI Quadrant I):
• SAY: Today we are going to learn about the various types of roofs.
• ASK: What specific features in a roof would you like in your home?
• ASK: Why do you want …….in your home?
• SHOW: I have some examples of roof designs for you to see today.
• ASK: What appears to be the strengths of each design?
Outline
Outline (LSI Quadrant II):
Instructors can use the PowerPoint presentation, slides, handouts, and note pages in
conjunction with the following outline.
MI
I.
.
Outline
Residential Roof Design
A. Describe the construction of a typical frame
roof.
B. Describe and identify the features of each style
of roof.
1. Gable
2. Hip
3. Flat
4. Shed
5. Mansard
6. Gambrel
7. Butterfly
8. A-Frame
9. Folded Plate
Notes to Instructor
The teacher will show
examples of roof
designs, blueprints,
and scale models of
homes to introduce the
residential roof design
lesson.
Students can refer to
textbook for examples
of roof designs and
“Roof Designs”
handout provided with
this lesson.
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10. Curved Panel
C. Determine the functionality of each specific
roof.
Teacher will begin
PowerPoint
presentation and
discuss the features
and symbols used,
and functionality of
each specific roof.
II. Identify the various trusses used in the
construction of a residential roof.
1. Fink
2. Double W
3. Howe
4. Double Howe
5. King Post
6. Modified Queen Post
7. Step Truss
8. Dual Pitch
9. Hip Truss
10. Mono Pitch
11. Scissors
12. Modified Scissors
13. Inverted
14. Stub End
15. Piggy Back
16. Flat
17. Floor Truss - Bottom Chord Bearing
18. Floor Truss - Top Chord Bearing
Teacher will distribute
the “Trusses used with
Residential Roof
Designs” handout and
discuss with students.
III. Identify and define the following terms used in roof
designs
A. Rafter
B. Pitch
C. Clear Span
D. Rise
E. Run
F. Cornice
G. Rake
H. Roof Truss
I. Gussets
J. Ventilation
K. Flashing
Teacher will distribute
“Terms used in Roof
Designs” handout and
discuss with students.
IV. Interpret information found on a rafter span chart
and understand the importance of proper
ventilation and flashing to compile the appropriate
information to order roof trusses for a specific
dwelling by meeting guidelines that must be met
in the textbook.
Teacher will discuss
rafter span chart and
how to use one, and
the importance of
ventilation and
flashing.
V. Determine the style and the shape of your house.
A. Determine why certain styles are used
more in certain areas of the country and
others are not.
Based on the
illustrations from
magazines, textbook,
and discussion about
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B. Consider your personal likes.
C. Determine the style and shape of roof that
will be most aesthetically appropriate for
your home.
D. Establish when and where gutters and
down spouts are used.
E. Determine the types of roofing and
sheathing material used.
VI. Students will make several sketches of the roof
design for the house they want to build.
A. Sketch the 10 different types of basic roof
designs.
B. Complete the roof design for your style of
house showing size, spacing, and location
of the rafters, trusses, joist, and other roof
components by meeting guidelines in
textbook.
Teacher will say: Explain why parts of each roof
design structure are located where they are based on
the guidelines listed in the textbook.
reasons why certain
styles are acceptable
in certain areas of the
country and not in
others, students can
determine the
appropriate style.
PowerPoint slides from
lesson and textbook
can be used to help
with understanding.
Teacher shows
blueprints and
PowerPoint slides and
discusses each style
of roof.
Students will use
pencil and paper to
make sketches and
refine their work into
detailed sketch as the
teacher will be
checking with each to
question aspects of
the design.
Teacher will say: Explain why certain roof designs are
used based on the guidelines listed in the textbook.
VII. Students will use CADD program to draw the roof
design they sketched and will:
A. draw roof using a typical roof slope or pitch
B. dimension the drawing
C. label the drawing
Teacher will refer to
PowerPoint for
symbols used to draw
roof design for the
style house they
choose to build.
Students take the final
sketch and use CADD
program to dimension
and label drawing.
A Notebook or folder is
maintained to keep
sketches, drawings,
examples, and
handouts.
VIII. Justify the plan
A. Explain why parts of the roof design are
located where they are based on the
guidelines listed in the textbook.
B. Explain why certain roof designs are used
based on the guidelines listed in the textbook.
Teacher has students
refer to textbook and
then justify their plan
through discussion.
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IX. Students will review in one of the following ways:
A. by taking the Roof Design Pop Quiz
B. by answering questions at the end of the textbook chapter on “Roof Design”
The teacher may
choose which method
for informal review to
use.
Copy and paste Multiple Intelligences Graphic in appropriate place in left column.
Verbal
Linguistic
Logical
Mathematical
Visual
Spatial
Musical
Rhythmic
Bodily
Kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Naturalist
Existentialist
Application
Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
The students are to make a rough sketch of the roof they want to build using pencil and paper.
As students are sketching, the teacher will be checking with each to question the various
aspects of design. This is a very good place where critical thinking comes in to play. The
“WHY” is discussed and examined to make sure that all aspects of the drawing/design are
functional.
Teacher will say: Explain why certain structural features are located where they are based on
the guidelines listed in the textbook.
Teacher will say: Explain why certain roof designs are used based on the guidelines listed in the
textbook.
Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
The student is to refine his/her work into a detailed sketch showing the location of major
structural components. Several trial and error sketches may be needed before one has a
completed acceptable design. Next the student will use CADD program to draw the roof design
as sketched, then dimension and label the drawing.
Summary
Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV):
The students will review by answering the questions at the end of the chapter on “Roof Designs”
from the textbook.
Evaluation
Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III):
The students will be given a pop quiz on the elements that constitute each of the roof designs.
Pop Quiz:
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1. Name and sketch the various roof designs in detail: Gable, Hip, Flat, Shed, Mansard,
Gambrel, Butterfly, A-Frame, Folded Plate, and Curved Panel.
2. List the information necessary to have on a roof design drawing.
3. Name and sketch the various styles of trusses used in a roof: Fink, Double W, Howe,
Double Howe, King Post, Modified Queen Post, Step Truss, Dual Pitch, Hip Truss,
Mono Pitch, Scissors, Modified Scissors, Inverted, Stub End, Piggy Back, Flat,
Floor Truss - Bottom Chord Bearing, and Floor Truss - Top Chord Bearing.
Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV):
The students will complete the “roof design” for the house they have been working on showing
the size, spacing and location of the rafters, trusses, joist and other roof components by meeting
the guidelines in their textbook.
Extension
Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV):
A. Have contractors/architects come and visit your class to explain and answer questions
the students might have about roof design and construction in general. This is a good
place for you to introduce your students to the construction trades as a profession.
B. Field trips to construction sites are invaluable when it comes to actually showing real life
applications for this area of employment.
C. Once all guidelines are met and the plan is complete, the student may take roof design
to any architect or contractor who will be able to use their design to build a home from
their set of blueprints. They can go to the various contractors and receive bids as to what
the cost of their home should be, all based on their plan.
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Terms used with Roof Designs
A. Rafter – One of a series of structural members of a roof designed to support roof loads.
B. Pitch – The slope of a roof usually expressed as a ratio.
C. Clear Span – The horizontal distance from the inside of one exterior stud wall to the inside of the
opposite exterior stud wall.
D. Cornice – The part of a roof that projects out from the wall.
E. Roof Truss – Structural member arranged and fastened in triangular units to form a rigid framework
for support of loads over a long span.
F. Gussets – A plywood or metal plate used to strengthen the joints of a truss.
G. Ventilation – Areas of the roof that allows for the circulation of air.
H. Flashing – Sheet metal or other material used in roof and wall construction to protect a building from
water seepage.
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Trusses used with Residential Roof Designs
Fink
Double W
Howe
Double Howe
King Post
Modified Queen Post
Step Truss
Dual Pitch
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Trusses
Page 2
Hip Truss
Mono Pitch
Scissors
Modified Scissors
Inverted
Stub End
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Trusses
Page 3
Piggy Back
Flat
Floor Truss- Bottom Chord Bearing
Floor Truss – Top Chord Bearing
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Roof Designs
Gable Roof
Hip Roof
Flat Roof
Shed Roof
Mansard Roof
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Roof Designs
Page 2
Gambrel Roof
Butterfly Roof
A-Frame Roof
Folded Plate Roof
Curved Panel Roof
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Roof Design Pop Quiz
1. Sketch the various roof designs.
A. Gable Roof
B. Hip Roof
C. Flat Roof
D. Shed Roof
E. Mansard Roof
F. Gambrel Roof
G. Butterfly Roof
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Roof Designs Pop Quiz
Page 2
H. A-Frame Roof
I.
Folded Plate Roof
J. Curved Panel Roof
2. List the information necessary to have on a roof design drawing.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3. Sketch the various styles of trusses used in a roof.
A. Fink
B. Double W
C. Howe
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Roof Designs Pop Quiz
Page 3
D. Double Howe
E. King Post
F. Modified Queen Post
G. Step Truss
H. Dual Pitch
I.
Hip Truss
J. Mono Pitch
K. Scissors
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Roof Designs Pop Quiz
Page 4
L. Modified Scissors
M. Inverted
N. Stub End
O. Piggy Back
P. Flat
Q. Floor Truss- Bottom Chord Bearing
R. Floor Truss – Top Chord Bearing
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Roof Design Pop Quiz Answers
1. Sketch the various roof designs.
A. Gable Roof
B. Hip Roof
C. Flat Roof
D. Shed Roof
E. Mansard Roof
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Roof Designs Pop Quiz Answers
Page 2
F. Gambrel Roof
G. Butterfly Roof
H. A-Frame Roof
I.
Folded Plate Roof
J. Curved Panel Roof
2. List the information necessary to have on a roof design drawing.
A. Pitch
B. Slope
C. Size of lumber to be used
D. Span
E. Basic style that is being used in the construction
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Roof Designs Pop Quiz Answers
Page 3
3. Sketch the various styles of trusses used in a roof.
A. Fink
B. Double W
C. Howe
D. Double Howe
E. King Post
F. Modified Queen Post
G. Step Truss
H. Dual Pitch
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Roof Designs Pop Quiz Answers
Page 4
I.
Hip Truss
J. Mono Pitch
K. Scissors
L. Modified Scissors
M. Inverted
N. Stub End
O. Piggy Back
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Roof Designs Pop Quiz Answers
Page 5
P. Flat
Q. Floor Truss- Bottom Chord Bearing
R. Floor Truss – Top Chord Bearing
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Roof Design Rubric
Task Statement: Design and draw a roof for a residential structure.
Task Assignment: Design and draw using a typical roof slope or pitch for the style and shape of the house selected, meeting required guidelines.
Criteria Categories
Concepts/Skills to be Assessed:
(Novice to Exemplary)
Novice
Developing
Accomplished
Exemplary
1
2
3
4
Determining style and shape of roof
Little regard has been
Some regard has
Style and shape of roof
Style and shape of roof
best suited for the area of the country given to the style and
been given to the roof
selected works the best
selected works the best
and most aesthetically pleasing for
shape of the roof for the style that works best in for the area of country but for the area of country
your home style
area of country
the area of country
could be more
and is the most
aesthetically pleasing
aesthetically pleasing
(20 Possible Points)
(1-5 points)
(5-10 points)
(10-15 points)
(15-20 points)
Completing roof design showing size, 70% of the components 80% of the
90% of the components
All components are
spacing, and location of the rafters,
are present with little
components are
are present with
present with
trusses, joist, and other components
consideration given to
present with
consideration given to
consideration given to
by meeting guidelines that must be
size, spacing, location
consideration given to
size, spacing, location
size, spacing, location
met
and guidelines
size, spacing, location and meeting all
and meeting all
and guidelines
guidelines
guidelines
(20 Possible Points)
Using typical roof slope or pitch
(1-5 points)
No evidence that typical
roof slope or pitch has
been used in drawing
(20 Possible Points)
Dimensioning and labeling the
drawing
(1-5 points)
Evidence of
understanding of
dimensioning is present
with some labeling
(1-5 points)
Little to no evidence
shown for the ability to
justify aspects of the
design
(5-10 points)
Evidence is seen that
typical roof slope or
pitch has been used in
drawing
(5-10 points)
Some dimensioning is
evident and a few
components are
labeled
(5-10 points)
(20 Possible Points)
Justifying plan
Emerging ability to
justify why parts of
roof are located
where; and why
design was used
(20 Possible Points)
(1-5 points)
(5-10 points)
A = 75-100 Points; B = 50-75 Points; C = 25-50 Points; D = 5-25 Points
(10-15 points)
Effective use of
typical roof slope or pitch
is seen in drawing
(15-20 points)
Excellent use of typical
roof slope or pitch
is seen in drawing
(10-15 points)
Drawing has effective
dimensioning with most
components labeled
correctly
(10-15 points)
Ability to justify why parts
of roof are located where;
and why design was used
(15-20 points)
Drawing has accurate
dimensioning with all
components labeled
correctly
(15-20 points)
Excellent ability to
justify parts of roof are
located where; and why
design was used
(10-15 points)
(15-20 points)
Total Points:
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Points
Earned
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