Hyydrog
gen
Production
Progress
Update
November 9
9, 2011
22.033 Fall
Rebecca Krentz-Wee
Derek Sutherland
Ben Nield
au e C
Chilton
to
Lauren
1
Presentation Outline
e
• review of UT-3 process
• bl
block
k diagram
di
& ititeratitions
• components
o hydrogen separator memb
brane
b
rane
o oxygen separator membra
ane
o calcium reagent structure
o hydrogen storage system
• next steps
2
UT-3 Process Overvview
• The UT-3 process consists of four reactions proceeding
g at
the indicated desired temperratures.1
1H.
Kameyama and K. Yoshida. Br-ca-fe
Br ca fe water deccomposition cycles for hydrogen production.
Proc. 2nd, WHEC., pages 829–850, 1978.
3
Block Diagram - Forrward
760 oC
560 oC
574 oC
220 oC
Image adapted from: Sakurai, M. et al. "Adiabatic UT-3 The
e4 rmochemical Process for Hydrogen Production". International
Journal of Hydrogen Ene
ergy. 2(10), 865-870 (1996).
Block Diagram - Bacckwards
574 oC
220 oC
760 oC
560 oC
Image adapted from: Sakurai, M. et al. "Adiabatic UT-3 The
e5 rmochemical Process for Hydrogen Production". International
Journal of Hydrogen Ene
ergy. 2(10), 865-870 (1996).
6
Forward Mass Flow (Realistic)
574 oC
7
Forward Mass Flow (Idealized)
Mass Flow - Iteration
n 1
8
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9
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Oxygen Separator Membrane
• Electrons create negatively
charged oxygen-ions.
oxygen ions.
Steam +
• Electrodes, temperature and
the diff
th
differentitiall parti
tiall pressurre off
O2 can be used for transport
• Combination of oxygen-ion
conducting
material and electronic
conducting material
• Doped CeO2
o 0.1 S/cm
Materials for separation membranes in hydrogen and oxygen productio
on and future power generation
<http://iopscience.iop.org/1468-6996/7/8/A06>
10
Calcium Reagent Sttructure
• 76% volumetric
l
t i difference
diff
be
between
t
CaO
C O and
dC
CaBr
B 2.1
• Fines can form which mayy lea
ad to product sintering
g after
substantial cycling.
• C
CaTiO
TiO3 is
i used
d as a bi
binder
d to maiintain
t i th
the overallll struct
t turall
integrity of the calcium pellet..
• CaO is distributed as to allow
w room for expansion and
contraction.
1Michele
A. Lewis, Manuela Serban, and John K
K.. Basco, Hydrogen Production at
at
<550°C Using a Low Temperature Thermoche
emical Cycle, Argonne National
Laboratory.
11
Calcium Reagent Sttructure
T
Courtesy of Elsevier, Inc., http://www.sciencedirect.com. Used with permission.
12
Hydrogen Storage
• want to store 1 day's worth = 9000 kg
• 130 m3 of liquid hydrogen
Courtesy of Elsevier, Inc., http://www.sciencedirect.com. Used with permission.
13
Refueling/Bio Fuelss Down/Power Down
Down
• if something goes wrong within hydrogen
hydrogen
o use stored hydrogen fo
or 1 day
o shut down if needed fo
or longer
• if biofuels shuts down
o hydrogen also shuts d
down
own
14
Next Steps
• Anallysiis usiing EES
EES, ASPEN
• Individual components
o heat exchangers
o compressors
• Timing of flow switch
• Chemical reactors
o physical
y
size
o solid reactants consumptio
on rate
• Recovery of Br2 and HBr
HBr
15
Questions?
Questions?
16
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22.033 / 22.33 Nuclear Systems Design Project
Fall 2011
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