Hydrologic monitoring and trends in the Upper
Klamath Basin over the last decade
Jonathan La Marche, Hydrologist PE
Edward Gates, Hydrogeologist
Kenneth E. Lite Jr., Hydrogeologist RG
Upper Klamath Basin
Monitoring
Sites
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GW/SW
Connections
Modified from
Gannett et. al. 2007
Precipitation Trends
Note: WY 1943-1946 data
estimated from other sites
Crater Lake Precipitation and
Cumulative Departure from Average Precipitation
130
200
175
150
125
90
100
75
70
50
25
50
0
-25
30
-50
-75
2010
2010
2000
2000
1990
1990
1980
1980
1970
1970
1960
1960
1950
1950
-100
1940
1940
10
1930
1930
Water Year
Precipitation (Inches)
1930-present
Average Precipitation
Cumulative Departure from
Average Precipitation (Inches)
110
Water Year
Precipitation at Crater Lake
Cumulative Departure from Average Precipitation (CDAP)
Decadal
Decadal Average
Average
5-yr
5-yrmv
mvavg
avg
Hydrologic
Monitoring
Areas
Well # KLAM 2145
36S/14E-25BCB, near Bly Oregon
Depth = 708 feet
Area A
Crater Lake Precipitation
and Upper Sprague Streamflow and Groundwater Levels
100
130
400
350
350
300
Average
Precipitation
33
90
250
0
70
200
150
300
250
200
150
-33
50
100
Water Year Precipitation- Crater Lake
-67
30
100
5yr mv avg- Crater Lake
50
50
Static Water Level - KLAM 2145 (scaled for graphing)
September Streamflow -Sprague near Beatty
10 -100
Date
9/15/2010
9/14/2005
9/14/2000
9/15/1995
9/15/1990
9/14/1985
9/14/1980
9/15/1975
9/15/1970
9/14/1965
9/14/1960
9/15/1955
9/15/1950
9/14/1945
9/14/1940
9/15/1935
9/15/1930
9/15/1930
0
0
Mean Monthly Streamflow (cfs)
67
110
Precipitation (inches) or
Scaled Static Water Level (ft)
400
Well # KLAM 562, near Jack Creek
28S/10E-27DBD01, Depth = 407 feet
Area B
Crater Lake Precipitation (WY total and
and Upper Williamson Streamflow and Groundwater Levels
Well # KLAM 637, near Ball Dam
30S/10E-18CDA01, Depth = 136 feet
120
Water Year Precipitation-Crater Lake
100
100
45
CDAP- Crater Lake
Average
Precipitation
Static Water Level Trend- KLAM 637
35
80
60
60
40
September Streamflow (cfs)
80
40
25
15
5
-5
Date
9/15/2010
9/15/2006
9/15/2002
9/15/1998
9/15/1994
9/15/1990
9/15/1986
9/15/1982
9/15/1978
9/15/1974
-25
9/15/1970
0
9/15/1966
0
-15
9/15/1962
20
21443.00
20
9/15/1958
Precipitation (inches)
Static Water Level Trend- KLAM 562
Static Water Level Decline (ft)
120
Well # KLAM 588
30S/7E-06AAA01, near Bear
Creek
Depth = 205 feet
100
Crater Lake Preciptation
and Streamflow and Groundwater Levels near Klamath Marsh
Area C
Average
Precipitation
45
1000
30
70
600
60
15
50
400
40
0
30
200
20
7/6/2009
0
10/3/2010
10/3/2006
10/3/2002
10/3/1998
10/3/1994
10/3/1990
10/3/1986
10/3/1982
10/3/1978
10/3/1974
10/3/1970
10/3/1966
10/3/1962
10/3/1958
10/3/1954
10 -15
Date
Precip 5yr mv avg
WY Precipitation (in)
Static Water Leve Trend- KLAM 588
Annual Streamflow- Williamson blw KMarsh
Annual (WY) Streamflow (cfs)
800
80
10/3/1954
Precipitation (inches) or Static
Water Level Decline (ft )
90
6
80
4
Area D
Crater Lake Precipitation and
Lower Williamson Streamflow and Groundwater Levels
Average
Precipitation
1400
1200
1000
2
60
800
0
40
600
Date
CDAP- Crater Lake
Water Year Precip- Crater Lake
September Streamflow - Williamson blw Sprague
Static Water Level- KLAM 11796
9/15/2010
9/15/2006
9/15/2002
9/15/1998
9/15/1994
9/15/1990
9/15/1986
9/15/1982
9/15/1978
9/15/1974
9/15/1970
9/15/1966
9/15/1962
9/15/1958
9/15/1954
9/15/1950
9/15/1946
200
9/15/1942
-4
9/15/1938
0
400
9/15/1934
-2
9/15/1930
20
Mean Monthly Streamflow (cfs)
100
9/15/1930
Precipitation (inches) or
Static Water Level (ft)
Well # KLAM 11796, near
Collier Park 34S/07E-09ADB
Depth = 206 feet
Date
9/15/2010
9/15/2006
9/15/2002
9/15/1998
9/15/1994
9/15/1990
9/15/1986
9/15/1982
9/15/1978
9/15/1974
9/15/1970
9/15/1966
9/15/1962
9/15/1958
9/15/1954
9/15/1950
9/15/1946
9/15/1942
9/15/1938
Average
Precipitation
80
450
60
300
40
150
CDAP- Crater Lake
Water Year Precip- Crater Lake
September Streamflow- Sprague near Chiloquin
0
0
Mean Monthly Streamflow (cfs)
20
9/15/1934
100
9/15/1930
9/15/1926
9/15/1922
Precipitation (inches)
Crater Lake Precipitation and
Lower Sprague Streamflow
Area D
600
Area E
Precipitation at Crater Lake
Streamflow at Wood River Springs (at Dixon Road)
100
75
400
50
300
200
25
100
0
Date
Water Year Precipitation- Crater Lake
Precip 5 yr mv-avg
September Streamflow - Synthetic Wood R
September Streamflow- Wood River
Stream Measurement- Wood River
9/15/2010
9/15/2006
9/15/2002
9/15/1998
9/15/1994
9/15/1990
9/15/1986
9/15/1982
9/15/1978
9/15/1974
9/15/1970
9/15/1966
9/15/1962
9/15/1958
9/15/1954
9/15/1950
9/15/1946
9/15/1942
0
9/15/1938
Precipitation (inches)
500
Monthly Mean Streamflow or
Streamflow Measurement (cfs)
600
Precipitation Trends
Note: WY 1943-1946 data
estimated from other sites
Crater Lake Precipitation and
Cumulative Departure from Average Precipitation
130
200
175
150
125
90
100
75
70
50
25
50
0
-25
30
-50
-75
2010
2010
2000
2000
1990
1990
1980
1980
1970
1970
1960
1960
1950
1950
-100
1940
1940
10
1930
1930
Water Year
Precipitation (Inches)
1930-present
Average Precipitation
Cumulative Departure from
Average Precipitation (Inches)
110
Water Year
Precipitation at Crater Lake
Cumulative Departure from Average Precipitation (CDAP)
Decadal
Decadal Average
Average
5-yr
5-yrmv
mvavg
avg
Estimated Total* Annual Pumping
in the Klamath Project Area
140,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
Year
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
0
2001
Annual Pumping (acre-feet)
120,000
Area F
Observation Well - KLAM 52194
3/15/2000 through 5/17/2011
Depth = 447 feet
Volcanic
165
170
175
4015
4005
4000
180
3995
185
190
1/1/2000
4020
4010
Large Pumping Reduction
WY 2008 and 2009
160
Onset of Rapid Groundwater
Development and Pumping
Water Level (feet below land surface)
155
4025
3990
1/1/2002
1/1/2004
1/1/2006
DATE
1/1/2008
1/1/2010
1/1/2012
Elevation (feet above mean sea level)
Large Increase in
Groundwater Pumping due to
reduced surface supplies
150
Area F
215
State Observation Well #1162
40S/12E - 30cda Depth = 575 feet
4025
220
Water Level (feet below land surface)
4015
230
4010
235
4005
240
4000
245
3995
250
3990
255
1/1/1992 1/1/1994 1/1/1996 1/1/1998 1/1/2000 1/1/2002 1/1/2004 1/1/2006 1/1/2008 1/1/2010 1/1/2012
DATE
Elevation (feet abaove mean sea level)
4020
225
CONCLUSIONS
• OWRD has expanded the hydrologic monitoring in
the UKB to examine anthropogenic and climate
related stresses, and assist in hydrologic studies.
• GW discharge is a significant component of the water
supply to UKL. (Gannett et. al., 2007)
• Above UKL, the effects of the 2000 through 2005 dry
climate conditions linger, as reflected by stream
baseflows and groundwater levels.
• Since 2001, pumping stresses have largely masked
climate trends below UKL. These stresses have
locally produced 10-25 feet of groundwater decline.
WY 2011
HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE?
Questions?
Note: WY 1943-1946 data
estimated from other sites
Crater Lake Precipitation and
Cumulative Departure from Average Precipitation
130
200
175
150
125
90
100
75
70
50
25
50
0
-25
30
-50
-75
2010
2000
1990
1980
1970
1960
1950
-100
1940
10
1930
Water Year
Precipitation (Inches)
1930-present
Average Precipitation
Cumulative Departure from
Average Precipitation (Inches)
110
Water Year
Precipitation at Crater Lake
Cumulative Departure from Average Precipitation (CDAP)
Decadal Average
5-yr mv avg
Area E
200
Average
Precipitation
175
500
150
125
400
100
75
300
50
25
200
CDAP- Crater Lake
0
Water Year Precipitation- Crater Lake
September Streamflow - Synthetic Wood R
-25
100
September Streamflow- Wood River
-50
Stream Measurement- Wood River
-75
Date
9/15/2010
9/15/2006
9/15/2002
9/15/1998
9/15/1994
9/15/1990
9/15/1986
9/15/1982
9/15/1978
9/15/1974
9/15/1970
9/15/1966
9/15/1962
9/15/1958
9/15/1954
9/15/1950
9/15/1946
9/15/1942
0
9/15/1938
Precipitation (inches)
600
Monthly Mean Streamflow or Streamflow
Measurement (cfs)
Precipitation at Crater Lake
Streamflow at Wood River Springs (at Dixon Road)
Area E
Precipitation at Crater Lake
Streamflow at Wood River Springs (at Dixon Road)
CDAP- Crater Lake
Water Year Precipitation- Crater Lake
mv-avg
September Streamflow - Synthetic Wood R
September Streamflow- Wood River
Stream Measurement- Wood River
100
600
Average
Precipitation
500
400
80
300
70
200
60
Date
9/15/2010
9/15/2006
9/15/2002
9/15/1998
9/15/1994
9/15/1990
9/15/1986
9/15/1982
9/15/1978
9/15/1974
9/15/1970
9/15/1966
9/15/1962
9/15/1958
9/15/1954
0
9/15/1950
40
9/15/1946
100
9/15/1942
50
9/15/1938
Precipitation (inches)
90
Monthly Mean Streamflow or Streamflow
Measurement (cfs)
8 yr mv avg
Precip
Well # KLAM 11796, near
Collier Park 34S/07E-09ADB
Depth = 206 feet
Area D
Crater Lake Precipitation and
Lower Williamson Streamflow and Groundwater Levels
CDA
Precip
200
1200
175
900
100
75
50
600
25
0
-25
300
CDAP- Crater Lake
-50
Water Year Precip- Crater Lake
Static Water Level- KLAM 11796 (scaled for graphing)
-75
September Streamflow - Williamson blw Sprague
Date
9/15/2010
9/15/2006
9/15/2002
9/15/1998
9/15/1994
9/15/1990
9/15/1986
9/15/1982
9/15/1978
9/15/1974
9/15/1970
9/15/1966
9/15/1962
9/15/1958
9/15/1954
9/15/1950
9/15/1946
9/15/1942
9/15/1938
0
9/15/1934
-100
9/15/1930
Precipitation (inches) or
Static Water Level (ft)
125
Mean Monthly Streamflow (cfs)
Average
Precipitation
150
Well # KLAM 11796, near
Collier Park 34S/07E-09ADB
Depth = 206 feet
8 mv avg
Precip
CDAP- Crater Lake
95
1200
Water Year Precip- Crater Lake
Static Water Level- KLAM 11796 (scaled for graphing)
September Streamflow - Williamson blw Sprague
Average
Precipitation
85
900
80
75
70
600
65
60
55
300
50
45
Date
9/15/2010
9/15/2006
9/15/2002
9/15/1998
9/15/1994
9/15/1990
9/15/1986
9/15/1982
9/15/1978
9/15/1974
9/15/1970
9/15/1966
9/15/1962
9/15/1958
9/15/1954
9/15/1950
9/15/1946
9/15/1942
9/15/1938
9/15/1934
0
9/15/1930
40
Mean Monthly Streamflow (cfs)
90
Precipitation (inches) or
Static Water Level (ft)
Area D
Crater Lake Precipitation and
Lower Williamson Streamflow and Groundwater Levels