22–5 Angiosperms—Flowering
Plants
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22–5 Angiosperms—Flowering
Plants
Flowers and Fruits
The majority of living plant species are flowering
plants, or angiosperms.
Angiosperms are members of the phylum Anthophyta.
Flowers and Fruits
Angiosperms develop unique reproductive organs
known as flowers.
Flowers are an evolutionary advantage because they
attract animals, which then transport pollen from
flower to flower.
This is much more efficient than wind pollination.
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22–5 Angiosperms—Flowering
Plants
Flowers and Fruits
Flowers contain ovaries, which surround and protect
the seeds.
The presence of an ovary gives angiosperms their
name; it means “enclosed seed.”
After pollination, the ovary develops into a fruit.
A fruit is a wall of tissue that surrounds a seed.
A fruit protects the seed and aids in its dispersal.
Animals that may eat the fruit, and its seeds, can
carry the seeds many kilometers and increase the
range of the angiosperm.
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22–5 Angiosperms—Flowering
Plants
Diversity of Angiosperms
Diversity of Angiosperms
Angiosperms are categorized in many ways:
• monocots and dicots
• woody and herbaceous plants
• annuals, biennials, and perennials
An angiosperm can belong to more than one category.
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22–5 Angiosperms—Flowering
Plants
Diversity of Angiosperms
Monocots and Dicots
Monocots and dicots are named for the number of
seed leaves, or cotyledons, in the plant embryo.
Monocots have one seed leaf, and dicots have two.
A cotyledon is the first leaf or the first pair of leaves
produced by the embryo of a seed plant.
Other differences include the distribution of vascular
tissue in stems, roots, and leaves, and the number of
petals per flower.
• Monocots: corn, wheat, lilies, orchids, palms
• Dicots: roses, clover, tomatoes, oaks, daisies
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22–5 Angiosperms—Flowering
Plants
Diversity of Angiosperms
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22–5 Angiosperms—Flowering
Plants
Diversity of Angiosperms
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22–5 Angiosperms—Flowering
Plants
Diversity of Angiosperms
Woody and Herbaceous Plants
Woody plants are made primarily of cells with thick
cell walls that support the plant body.
Woody plants include trees, shrubs, and vines.
Plant stems that are smooth and nonwoody are
characteristic of herbaceous plants.
Herbaceous plants do not produce wood as they
grow.
Herbaceous plants include dandelions, zinnias,
sunflowers, and petunias.
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22–5 Angiosperms—Flowering
Plants
Diversity of Angiosperms
Annuals, Biennials, and Perennials
Plant life span is determined by genetic and
environmental factors.
There are three categories of plant life spans: annual,
biennial, and perennial.
Annuals are plants that complete a life cycle in one
growing season. They grow from seed to maturity,
flower, produce seeds, and die all in the course of one
growing season. (marigolds, petunias, zinnias, etc)
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22–5 Angiosperms—Flowering
Plants
Diversity of Angiosperms
Biennials complete their life cycle in two years.
In the first year, they germinate and grow roots, short
stems, and sometimes leaves.
In the second year, they grow new stems and leaves,
produce flowers and seeds, and die. (evening
primrose, parsley, celery, foxglove)
Perennials live for more than two years. Many have
herbaceous stems that die each winter and are
replaced in the spring like peonies, asparagus, and
many grasses. Most have woody stems like palm
trees, sagebrush, maple trees, and honeysuckle.
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