Broadband in Disaster Relief and in the ITU
ITU-T Workshop on Disaster Relief & Network Resiliency
Amy L. Sanders (Alcatel-Lucent) and Sergio Buonomo (ITU-R)
25 June 2012
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AGENDA
Item A | Broadband for Disaster Relief
Item B | ITU-R Focus on Disaster Relief
Item C | Activities in ITU-R Working Party 5A and Study
Group 4
Item D | ITU-D Focus on Disaster Relief
Item E | Activities in ITU-D Study Group 2
Item F | Conclusion
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Major incidents and crisis require
automatic, immediate and coordinated response
September 11, 2001 analysis:
“From the first moments to the last … their efforts were plagued by failures of
communication, command, and control.”
Military & Aerospace Electronics, August 2002, quoting New York Times article.
Voice
Situational
Awareness
Requirements:
+
+
Video
Officer and
Public Safety
Data
Operational
Effectiveness
New Dynamic Information Flows Drive
Communication & Processes Transformation
Eliminate
jurisdictional barriers
to communication
and add collaborative
applications
TETRA/P25 digital
conversion and
coverage expansion
Remote video
surveillance,
sensors and new
first responder
tools
Communications’ impact
 New communications functionality to interconnect
cooperating agencies
 Transition from support of TDM traffic to a mix,
with increasing Ethernet/IP and QoS for critical
traffic  packet dominates
 Bandwidth and network-footprint growth
 Increase in secure remote access
 Automation and acceleration of information flows
 High availability following a catastrophic event
“Several major incidents over the past four decades have demonstrated that traditional narrowband emergency communications
infrastructure that supports only local emergencies is quickly overloaded by regional or national catastrophes.
”Frost & Sullivan, 2009
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Migration Path for Communication Continuum
Value Impact
IP Transformation
Broadband Migration
Digital Conversion
Create a solid digital
LMR/PMR foundation
 Network Design & Planning
 Converged backhaul
supporting packet and legacy
traffic using licensed and
unlicensed frequencies
 Integrated network
management platform to
reduce operational expenses,
increase reliability and
efficiency of operations
Introduce broadband
mobile access
 Complement TETRA/P25
with broadband radio access
data overlay: LTE
 Enable new streaming video
surveillance, digital imaging
to enhance first responder
mission effectiveness &
Command Control
 Integrate collaborative
approaches and advanced IP
applications into Public
Safety solution sets
Now
Develop
multimedia services
 Introduce new IP-based
mobile services, such as
video collaboration, data
exchange, white boarding
 Optimize systems
interoperability
 Extend usable information
 Evolve toward NextGen
Emergencies System and
Next Gen Command &
Control (C2)
2012+
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Which Broadband Technology? LTE!
Compelling Performance
• LTE Provides:
Latency Reduction
65 ms
Low latency ( 10 to 20ms) for very
fast access
60 ms
50 ms
50 ms
10 ms
HSPA
RevA/RevB
HSPA+
WiMAX
LTE
326 Mbps
Higher Peak throughput
173 Mbps
86 Mbps
LTE ensures real-time transfer
of data and video
55 Mbps
36 Mbps
42 Mbps
14 Mbps
5 Mbps
11 Mbps
5 Mbps
HSPA 5MHz
HSPA+ 5MHz
WiMAX
LTE 20MHz
MIMO2x2
High throughput for very fast
transfer
LTE 20MHz
MIMO4x4
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Broadband Wireless (LTE): Incident, Day-to-Day
and Planned Operations
Real-Time
Situational Awareness
Remote Office
Evidence Collection
Enhanced
Officer & Public
Safety
Video
Images
Increased
Street Time
Remote Form Entry
Access to Databases
Messaging
Next-Gen 112/911
Images, Text
Videos
Multi-Agency,
Multi-Jurisdiction Response
Team
Coordination
Full
Interoperability
Medical Telemetry
Streaming Data
LTE: An Essential Tool for Public Safety
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Life-saving
Information
Engineering Principles for Mission Critical Backhaul
Networks
• Reliable Network: no single point of failure
• At Nodal level
• At Network level
• Sub 50 msec reroute for ALL applications
• Secure Network: Multiple applications
• Optimize bandwidth: Intelligent Bandwidth Management.
• Ease of management: Single Network Management Interface.
• Support advanced IP applications and continue to support existing TDM
applications. Provide a platform to migrate to IP.
• Ubiquitous Traffic Flows
• Pt to Multipoint, Full Mesh, Spoke
• Multicast
• Compliant with Latency Requirements
• Deployable over multiple physical technologies
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LTE Generic Network Implementation
• Highly scalable to meet current and future needs
• Building on existing infrastructure
• Open interfaces developed within the 3GPP standards
• Proven interoperability
Network Administration
Multiple Jurisdiction
networks
HSS
Fire Truck
Data
Center
IP Router
fiber,
mwave
Agency N
MME
eNB
PCRF
Data
Center
IP Router
Government
Agency 2
Use Backhaul
aggregation for
collocated LMR
IP Router
and LTE
Ambulance
Police
SGW
PGW
Network
IP Router
Agency 1
Data
Center
eNB
Bearer Traffic
Signaling/Control
OA&M
eNB Base Station
EPC Evolved Packet Core (MME+S/PGW)
HSS Home Subscriber Server
MME Mobility Management Entity
PGW Packet Data Gateway
SGW Serving Gateway
Migration to Single, Multifunction, and MultiAgency Network
• Legacy P25 network
• Evolving from a separate network
to a multi-function (Data, Video,
Voice) environment
• Evolving to a multi-agency,
multi-functional environment
Converged backhaul with TETRA/P25 collaboration as a first step to unify interoperability
amongst agencies to increase their effectiveness and provide a foundation for broadband
wireless capabilities
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Benefits of Backhaul Transformation to a MultiAgency Network Environment
• New relationships between agencies  gives greater collaboration
- Multiple agencies working together to determine what was needed
- State/ Regional planning and Rehearsal for Team building to foster cooperation.
• Improved reliability / interoperability to complement the TETRA/P25
- Sharing data for CAD  backup center for smaller towns now economically feasible
- New network architecture protects against disruptions, e.g. cable cuts
• Eliminates jurisdictional boundaries and expanded cross-jurisdictional
interoperability
• Managing public safety network and IT business applications on a single open
platform to increase efficiency (OSS/BSS)
• Network convergence (Fixed, Wireless, Data and Video) providing virtual
networks to Police, EMS, and municipal administration welfare services (meeting
legal requirements) Reduced cost and increased operational efficiency.
• Provides a coordinated response to events that is: scalable, efficient, effective
and responsive to the needs and resources of the agencies.
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Multi-Mode Core Transport: A Strategic Asset
MPLS-based
Consolidated
Multi-Mode Network
Connectivity
Microwave
IP/MPLS
Leased/Private
Lines
Flexible Bandwidth
on Demand
Support of
Legacy (T1) and
New (IP) Services
Bandwidth
Management
Fiber
Scalable VPN
Mechanisms
Data
Services Hitless Restoration
T1
Land Mobile Public
Radio
Safety LTE
Voice,
Video
Services
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Cost-effective Service
Take–Away Trends
• Broadband: Will be the key change agent for Pubic Safety / Public Sector
Communications and Government services. Dominant application will be video.
• Network Transformation: Digital Communications will allow the convergence of Data,
Video and voice communications, as well as Advanced IP based applications such as Video
Collaboration, Image Transfers and Information Sharing, giving new levels of functionality.
• Interoperability: Is not just communications; it will enhance interagency cooperation
and eliminate jurisdictional boundaries to improve incident management and effectiveness.
Interoperability is not just for special events, 97% of interoperability is day-to-day use.
• Operational Support Systems: Mission
Critical System Networks will require up to 5-9‘s
reliability, this will be absolutely critical the
networks must operate in some of the most
extreme environments. Hurricanes, floods,
earthquakes and other natural or man-made
disasters.
• Open Systems: Increased use of standards-
based systems to insure interoperability between
different systems, different agencies and different
vendors.
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ITU-R Focus on Disaster Relief
• Radiocommunications Assembly 2007 (RA-07) approved Resolutions
ITU-R 53 and ITU-R 55 instructing all ITU-R Study Groups to carry out
studies on the use of radiocommunications in disaster prediction,
detection, mitigation and relief.
• Nearly every Study Group within the ITU-R has a role to play in Disaster
Relief. (More detail on next slide).
• The ITU-R Departments and Regional Offices also are engaged in
Disaster Relief efforts
- Implementation of Resolution 647 (Rev.WRC-12). See Activities on Resolution
647 (WRC-07) - "Emergency and disaster relief radiocommunication"
- Publications, such as the ITU-R Special Supplement on “Emergency and
Disaster Relief”
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Disaster
phases
Major radiocommunication
services involved
Major tasks of
radiocommunication services
Studies carried
out by
Radiocommunica
tion
Prediction & Detection
•Meteorological services (meteorological aids Weather and climate prediction. Detection and
and meteorological-satellite service)
tracking of earthquakes, tsunamis hurricanes,
•Earth exploration-satellite service
typhoons, forest fires, oil leaks etc. Providing warning
information
Study Group 7
•Amateur services
Receiving and distributing alert messages
Study Group 5
•Broadcasting services terrestrial and
satellite (radio, television, etc.)
Disseminating alert messages and advice to large
sections of the public
Study Group 6
•Fixed services terrestrial and satellite
Delivering alert messages and instructions to
telecommunication centres for further dissemination
to public
Study Group 5
Study Group 4
•Mobile services (land, satellite, maritime
services, etc.)
Distributing alert messages and advice to individuals
Study Group 5
Study Group 4
•Amateur services
Assisting in organizing relief operations in areas
(especially when other services are still not
operational)
Study Group 5
•Broadcasting services terrestrial and
satellite (radio, television, etc.)
Coordination of relief activities by disseminating
information from relief planning teams to population
Study Group 6
•Earth exploration-satellite service
Assessment of damage and providing information for
planning relief activities
Study Group 7
•Fixed services terrestrial and satellite
Exchange of information between different
teams/groups for planning and coordination relief
activities
Study Group 5
Study Group 4
•Mobile services (land, satellite, maritime
services, etc.)
Exchange of information between individuals and/or
groups of people involved in relief activities
Study Group 5
Study Group 4
Alerting
Relief
Activities in Working Party 5A
Land Mobile Systems above 30 MHz*(excluding IMT); wireless
access in the fixed service; amateur and amateur-satellite svcs.
• The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly assigned WP 5A Question 2094/5, “Use of the mobile, amateur and amateur satellite services
in support of disaster radiocommunications”.
• Disaster-related Recommendations & Reports under the purview of WP
5A:
- Recommendation ITU-R M.1042,”Disaster communications in the amateur
and amateur-satellite services”, provides guidance on the roles of the amateur
and amateur satellite services in providing communications during disaster
situations.
- Report ITU-R M.2085,”Role of the amateur and amateur-satellite services
in support of disaster mitigation and relief”, is intended to document the role
of the amateur and amateur-satellite services in provision of
radiocommunications in support of disaster mitigation and relief. It includes
information developed after the South-East Asia tsunami in December 2004.
16
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Activities in Working Party 5A continued
- Report ITU-R M.2033, “Radiocommunication objectives and requirements for
Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR)”, defines the PPDR objectives and
requirements for the implementation of future advanced solutions to satisfy the
operational needs of PPDR organizations around the year 2010. Specifically, it
identifies objectives, applications, requirements, a methodology for spectrum
calculations, spectrum requirements and solutions for interoperability.
- Recommendation ITU-R M.2015, “Frequency arrangements for public
protection and disaster relief radiocommunication systems in UHF bands in
accordance with Resolution 646 (Rev.WRC-12)”, provides guidance on frequency
arrangements for public protection and disaster relief radiocommunications in
certain regions in some of the bands below 1 GHz identified in Resolution 646
(Rev.WRC-12).
- Recommendation ITU-R M.2009, “Radio interface standards for use by
public protection and disaster relief operations in some parts of the UHF band in
accordance with Resolution 646 (WRC-03)”, identifies radio interface standards
applicable for public protection and disaster relief (PPDR) operations in some
parts of the UHF band.
17
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Activities in Working Party 5A continued
• Recommendation ITU-R M.1826, “Harmonized frequency channel plan for
broadband public protection and disaster relief operations at 4 940-4 990 MHz in
Regions 2 and 3”, addresses the title subject.
• Recommendation ITU-R M.1637, “Global cross-border circulation of
radiocommunication equipment in emergency and disaster relief situations”, offers
guidance to facilitate the global circulation of radiocommunication equipment in
emergency and disaster relief situations including the need for plans and
procedures to be in place before a possible disaster event in order to facilitate the
speedy authorization of the use of such equipment.
• Working Party 5A also has a Disaster Relief Rapporteur who is tasked with
reporting to each meeting on activities in the ITU, regional bodies, and national
programs associated with disaster relief and recovery. The most recent report can
be found here: http://www.itu.int/md/R12-WP5A-C-0046/en . Contributions to the
report are welcome.
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Activities in Study Group 4
• The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly assigned Study Group 4 the
following Questions associated with disaster relief:
- Question 227, “Technical and operational characteristics of emergency
communications in the mobile-satellite service” (WP 4B and 4C)
- Question 286, “Contributions of the mobile and amateur services and
associated satellite services to the improvement of disaster
communications” (WP 4C),
- Question 290, “Broadcasting-satellite means for public warning,
disaster mitigation and relief” (WP 4B)
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Activities in Study Group 4continued
• Disaster-related Recommendations & Reports under the purview of Study
Group 4:
- Recommendation ITU-R M.1854, “Use of mobile-satellite service (MSS) in
disaster response and relief”, which provides information about the range of
frequencies used by mobile-satellite service (MSS) systems that could be
identified by Member States for early warning and disaster relief
telecommunications in accordance with various ITU-R and WRC Resolutions,
was recently revised in cooperation with ITU-D Study Group 2 to include
information on a new geostationary-satellite system that has been brought into
use at the orbital position 10 °E by the satellite operator Solaris Mobile Limited
in the bands 1 980-2 010 MHz (Earth-to-space) and 2 170-2 200 MHz (space-toEarth).
- Report ITU-R M.2149, “Use and examples of mobile-satellite service systems
for relief operation in the event of natural disasters and similar emergencies”
was revised in order to include information on above new geostationary-satellite
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Activities in Study Group 4 continued
- Recommendation ITU-R S.1001, "Use of systems in the fixed-satellite
service in the event of natural disasters and similar emergencies for warning
and relief operations" (http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-S.1001-2-201001-I/en).
- Report ITU-R M.2151, “Use and examples of systems in the fixed-satellite
service in the event of natural disasters and similar emergencies for warning
and relief operations" (http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REP-S.2151-2009/en).
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ITU-D Focus on Disaster Relief
• Tampere Convention on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources
for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations came into force 8 January
2005.
• The Tampere Convention calls on States to facilitate the provision of
prompt telecommunication assistance to mitigate the impact of a
disaster, and covers both the installation and operation of reliable,
flexible telecommunication services. Regulatory barriers that impede the
use of telecommunication resources for disasters are waived.
• The ITU assists in fulfilling the objectives of the Tampere Convention.
Dr Cosmas Zavazava of the ITU-D is the contact point.
• The WTDC assigned Question 22 a key role in implementing Resolution
34 (Rev. Hyderabad, 2010), “The role of
telecommunications/information and communication
technology in early warning and mitigation of disasters and
humanitarian assistance”
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Activities in ITU-D Study Group 2
Rapporteur Group for Question 22-1/2: Utilization of telecommunications/
ICTs for disaster preparedness, mitigation and response
• Publishes reports and handbooks on disaster relief for developing
countries
- “Utilization of ICT for disaster management, resources, and active and passive
space-based sensing systems as they apply to disaster and emergency relief
situations”
- “Compendium of ITU'S Work on Emergency Telecommunications 2007”
- “Best Practice on Emergency Telecommunications”
- “Handbook on Emergency Telecommunications - Edition 2005”
- “Handbook on Disaster Communications - Edition 2001”
• Currently working on:
- On-line Toolkit
- ITU Handbook “Telecommunication outside plant in areas frequently exposed
to natural disasters”
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Key Messages
• The ITU-R and the ITU-D already have well-established groups focused on
disaster relief and recovery.
• Efforts must be made not to duplicate the work of the existing groups.
• Cooperative and collaborative work between the three sectors will reduce
duplication of effort and create synergies.
• Liaison activity by the ITU-T Focus Group with ITU-R Study
Groups/Working Parties and ITU-D Questions will ensure the most
efficient use of time and resources.
• “Compendium of ITU'S Work on Emergency Telecommunications 2007”
could be a model in three-sector cooperation for us to follow.
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CONCLUSION
Let's Work Together for the Good of All
ITU-D
Needs of Developing Countries for Disaster Relief
Study Group 2 Q.22
•
•
Captures the unique needs of developing countries
Promulgates and promotes disaster relief solutions
Radiocommunications for Disaster Relief
Study Groups 4, 5, 6, and 7
Develop Recommendations and Reports on
Radiocommunications for Disaster Relief
Incorporate cutting-edge radiocommunications
technologies from SDOs
•
Disaster Relief
ITU-R
•
Core Network for Disaster Relief
Focus Group on Disaster Relief Systems,
Network Resiliency and Recovery
ITU-T
•
Collects and documents information and
concepts helpful to the work on disaster relief
systems/ applications, network resilience and
recovery from a telecommunication network
perspective
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Back-up Slides
Public Safety Networks Transformation
Why Change?
 The network needs to quickly adapt to new services
 Need to enable “Ethernet Backhaul” by creating a native transport network
Moving from…
To…
• Voice over TDM circuits
• Voice over IP with rich features and
functionalities
• Limited video, voice and data
collaboration
• Full and instantaneous video, voice and
data collaboration tools
• Low speed data collection and LMR
over TDM circuits.
• Data collections and LMR circuits using
IP/Ethernet
• Limited VPN services
• Rich and scalable VPN services
• Limited QoS implementation.
• IP/MPLS network with sophisticated QoS
implementation supporting multiple
services
• Best Effort IP, Reliable TDM.
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What Would Happen If?
Command
& Control
interfaces
Radio
Collaboration
Situation
Rooms
Mobile
Collaboration
Data
center
Central HQ
Video
Collaboration
Public
Containment
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LTE Main Features
• High-Speed Data
in High Mobility
Environments
• Optimized for Interactive
IP applications
- Always-on Connection
- Fast Call Setup
- Low Data Delay
• Enhancements for
Public Safety
- Pre-emption, Prioritization, Network Control
Lowest Delays & Highest Data Rates
LTE Main Features
• Advanced antenna
support
• Open Standards
• Commercial Scale
Economies
• Being Deployed
in the US 700 MHz Band
• Seamless Roaming onto
Commercial Networks
Lowest Delays & Highest Data Rates
LTE Offers Bandwidth to Enable Multi-Agency
Networks
~100 kbps
Land Mobile
Radio
~100 Mbps
LTE
~1,000-fold Increase in
Required Backhaul Capacity
Backhaul Drives Move to Multi-Agency,
Multi-Party Networks