Proceedings of European Business Research Conference
Sheraton Roma, Rome, Italy, 5 - 6 September 2013, ISBN: 978-1-922069-29-0
Some Facts and Figures on Corruption: A Perception of
Economic Financial Crimes Commission’s Performance in
Maiduguri Metropolitant Council of Borno State
Baba Gana Kolo
“Some facts and figures on corruption: A perception of the
performance of EFCC in curbing corruption” talked about theoretical
and empirical issues on corruption and its control. It was established
that Nigeria has been corrupt. With slightest political will Ribadu the
pioneer chairman of EFCC showed possibility of enforcing anticorruption laws at all levels and situations. From Balogun the former
Inspector General of Police, the sum of #17billion was discovered as
stolen money by EFCC. It was also revealed that 75% of respondents
maintained that EFCC’s performance was poor. Only 0.4% believed
that it has performed excellently. While 50% said only a governor was
arrested by the commission, to the best of their knowledge. 50% said
only a commissioner was arrested, 38% (and majority) said between
2-10 local government chairmen were arrested by the commission.
And 50% said only a traditional ruler or none was arrested, to the best
of their knowledge by the commission. Basically a recommendation to
legislate capital punishment for corruption was made, to enable realise
the zero tolerance objective of the commission. That all agencies must
annually forward reports of their activities particularly in relations to
possessions of assets and financial transactions in Nigeria and
beyond, for necessary legal actions against defaulters by the
commission.
Introduction
Transparency International, a world renowned Non-Governmental
Organization (NGO) ranked Nigeria as one of the most corrupt nations. It was
observed that an independent commission against corruption be established.
Awards of contract and public procurement be made transparent (Shenokan,
1997:27-29). President Olusegun Obasanjo created the Independent Corrupt
Practices and other related Offences Commission by Act 2000. The function of which
is investigation and prosecution, preventive and support against corruption.
Subsequently enacted Economic and Financial Crimes Commission by EFCC Act
2004 (Otite, 1986; Akanbi, 2004:2-4).
Some Facts on Corruption
Former Ogun state governor in the defunct dispensation, Chief BisiOnobanjo,
was locked away for 21 years for enriching the proscribed UPN to the tune of #2.8
million. Solomon Lar of Plateau state sentenced 21 years for misusing security
votes. Professor Ambrose Alli of Bendel state jailed for using half a million naira to
bury his father (New Times, 11-11-1985:23). The #20 “toll” has become an accepted
norm for men of the Nigerian police, Ehindero the inspector general warned
policemen not to “make returns” anymore, suggesting, perhaps, that had been the
___________________________________________________
Assoc.Prof. Bambang Riyanto, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Indonesia. Email: bambang_rls@yahoo.com
Proceedings of European Business Research Conference
Sheraton Roma, Rome, Italy, 5 - 6 September 2013, ISBN: 978-1-922069-29-0
practice. Commissioners of police posted to state perceived to be lucrative are given
targets of as high as #10 million monthly revenue that should go to some superior
officers. Such CPs could in turn hand use DPOs to also make returns depending on
the economic viability of their stations (Tell 6th June, 2005:22).
Gani Fawehinmi on Monday 23rd May, 2005 joined and defended, the EFCC,
ICPC and Code of Conduct Bureau (CCB), wants answers to 8 questions. Whether
or not it is right for a serving president to receive gifts from local and foreign
contractors concerning the donation of #250million #211.6 million and #200 million
by Mike Adenuga, Chairman of Globacom Communication Company; AlikoDangote,
an industrialists and Sonny Odogwu, a businessman respectively, etc.The foreign
contractor in question is Richard Brandson, who just bought Nigerian airways.
Whether or not these 2 agencies ICPC and EFCC should investigate the presidential
library project and its donors (Tell 6th June 2005:4).
Economic and Financial Crimes Commission handed over to United States
government a list containing about 200 Nigerians, including governors who might
flee the country after the expiration of their term in government. Also in the list are
two former head of states and their associates, businessmen and others. Ibrahim
Babangida, AtikuAbubakar, AbdulsalamAbubakar, BoniHaruna, Oji KaluUzor,
SaminuTuraki, Bukar Abba Ibrahim, Lucky Igbinedion, James Ibori, Chris Ngige,
ChimorokeNnamani, Joshua Dariye, Victor Attah, Mike Adeniyi, OtumbaFasawe,
Chief Adigu, Solomon Lar, AuguAgbe, George Akume, AdophusWabara, Anyim Pius
Anyim, senator Chinwumeriye, Ken Nnamani, AttahiruBafarawa, HamisuMarigo,
SaniYerima, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, Senator TokunboAgikulforis, Chief YomiEdu, Ayo
Fayose, Adebayo Mao Akala, AchikeUdenwa, Ade Alake, Ibrahim Shekarau (Mail
News 2-08-2006:31).
AlhajiBalarabe Musa blasts at traditional rulers in the northern states over
their reaction to the trial of some former governors from the sub-region on corruption.
The northern Emirs were not courageous enough to out rightly denounce the former
governors, who are already in the EFCC net (Joshua Dariye – Plateau, Reverend
Jolly Nyame – Taraba and AlhajiSaminuTuraki (National Daily 19-8-2007:3).
Attorney-General of the federation Michael Aondoakoa defended some
governors that Ribadu investigated for corruption,designed to frustrate Ribadu‟s
work. (Dailytrust, 9-1-2008:17).Chief of Navy Admiral Samuel Afolayan gingered the
police that a missing ship was handed over to police before stolen. The alleged #2
billion worth of crude oil suspected to have been allegedly stolen and was being
diverged outside the country was actually in the NNPC which received presidential
directive on 29 January, 2004 to evacuate it. DIG Onovo in February 9 gone to take
over the ship but the request was allegedly turned down by the flag officer
commanding (FOC). (Daily trust, 10-9-2004:12).
Governor Mala Kachalla inherits #776 million liabilities from the past
administration in the state (Borno). #198 million owed to local contractors and #207
million was outstanding workers‟ salaries for the month of May, and #358.9 million
was due as arrears of the minimum wage owed civil servants in the state for the
month of January to March, while the sum of #11.4 million was for unpaid
outstanding gratuities. And what he found on the coffers was #77.8 million and not
#97.5 million as contained in the handover notes of the state administrator Group
Proceedings of European Business Research Conference
Sheraton Roma, Rome, Italy, 5 - 6 September 2013, ISBN: 978-1-922069-29-0
Captain LawalHaruna. Cheques in transit worth #50 million were also stopped since
his assumption of office on May 29 (The Post Express 14-6-1999:3).
Ex-Inspector General of Police including Sunday Adewusi, Mohammed
GamboJimeta and Ibrahim Attah, gang up against NuhuRibadu. They are daily
sensitizing their own in the police to be wary to Ribadu and his boys, during and after
their tenure and to mark them as 5th columnists who must be avoided at all cost or
taken out of the system entirely if possible. If he could be so hard on Tofa, an IG to
the extent of parading him in handcuffs, they reasoned that they have to mind their
association with him (Exclusive 01/06/2005:3).
Gross misconduct allegedly committed by Governor Malah Kachalla was the
misappropriation of #7 million from local government allocation. The assembly built
35 housing units in Abuja. The house said #342.9 million was approved but the
governor spent #612 million for the houses. Lodge for #70 million as against #18
million approved by the house for the purpose. Spent #129 million against #80
million approved by the house to rehabilitate Borno state hotel in Maiduguri. #70
million was spent against approved #40 million for rehabilitation of hospital at
December. #267.03 million was approved for Urban and regional planning in the
2000 budget but the total sum spent so far was #464.5 million, an excess of #197.14
for water project, the excess was put as #90.6 million while #320.3 million was over
spent on general administration. The total excess was put at #608,387.712 million
(Newswatch, 06/11/2000:38).
Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) arrested over 500
suspects as a results of which some top government officers lost their jobs, like the
former Inspector General of police, the former minister of housing and development,
Mrs.MobolayiOsomo, the former minister of education professor FabianOsuji and
senate president Chief AdolphusWabara, all fired for corruption by the president
(Weekly Trust, 7/10/2005:13).
The Joint Task Force (JTF) has accused the traditional ruler of Koniju in
Okirika King captainNemiOputibeya, Okirika Local government area of Rivers state
of aiding and abetting oil bunkering and other criminal activities within his domain
(Daily Trust, 14/12/2007:6).
Among the charges slammed on AlamieSiegha he
refused to disclose his account number 005482562491 with an American bank with a
balance of $160,000 in the declaration of his assets; Account number 201006285006
with Bond Bank Plc. With a balance of #105 million alleged against him. He was
sentenced to 12 years jail term by the court in Lagos over six charges, to spend only
two years in prison as the sentences were to run concurrently (Leadership
14/12/2007:1).
Police Equipment Fund national coordinator, Kenny Martins, his deputy,
Ibrahim Dimiye, were arraigned before the court on a three count charge of criminal
breach of public trust and mismanagement of about #7.74 billion belonging to
Association of Local Government of Nigeria (ALGON). Of the #7.74 billion, they were
accused of dishonestly converting about #59 million to private use and unlawful
retention of another #774 million for personnel use, in violation of an agreement with
ALGON and the federal government, punishable under section 312 of the penal code
CAP 532 laws of the federation of Nigeria (This day 21/11/2008:7).
Proceedings of European Business Research Conference
Sheraton Roma, Rome, Italy, 5 - 6 September 2013, ISBN: 978-1-922069-29-0
Perception of Efcc’s Performance in Curbing Corruption
Table 1: Distribution of Respondents by the Overall Assessment of Efccin
Terms of Performance in Curbing Corruption
Responses
MMC
Poor
Below average
Above average
Good
Excellent
Total
Source: PH.D survey
Categories of Respondents
EFCC
officials
180
20
2
200
Frequency
180
22
Percentage
(%)
75
9
3
3
1.2
3
3
1.2
1
1
0.4
40(-31)
240(-31)
100%(-13%)
NB. 31(13%) No response
The table shows that 75% of the total of 240 respondents maintained
EFCC could be rated as poor in terms of its performance, 9% maintained
performance of EFCC is below average, 1.2% said it is good, while excellent
was given by 0.4% of the respondents. Thus, majority observed that EFCC
poorly performed so far, or performed below public expectation.
that
that
rate
has
By virtue of the special powers in section 7 of the EFCC (establishment) Act
2004, the commission‟s performance would have been excellent success as
observed by 4% of the respondents. .Corrupt authorities fearlessly erecting
mansions around, which are apparently beyond their legitimate income, and also
riding vehicles that appeared to be beyond their legitimate income? More so,
maintaining family sizes, living ostentatiously without any fear of being ridiculed by
the law. Smugglers are everybody‟s neighbour at all border towns of the country. In
fact, they have associations that stand in defence of their members. This
revealed/demonstrated high degree of poor performance of EFCC and complete
disregard to zero tolerance to corruption, designed in the federal government‟s 7
point agenda.
For Economic and Financial Crimes Commission‟s (EFCC) performance to be
upward reviewed, all suspicious elements must be massively called to book as
prescribed by section 7 of the Act 2004. Each constituency representative
(councillor, member‟s house of assembly/representative) must be held responsible
for all economic/financial crimes of his constituency. Each must as a duty give
monthly report, cover every developmental project; estimate the cost both in service
and materials of each department/ministry or parastatal. Such reports be submitted
to appropriate committees at all levels of the legislation and observations be given to
government for necessary actions. Copies of budget at all levels be submitted to
EFCC together with the monthly legislative constituency assessment of performance
of government reports. Each representative should be made responsible to directly
write to EFCC any infrastructural development by anybody under his constituency,
including new cars owned by anybody together with the estimated amount of its
price. With these measures taken, no criminal can hide in Nigeria. And if the
legislators fail to give appropriate report as suggested on jointly bases to EFCC such
councillor, member, house of assembly/representative or senator will be subjected to
the application of section 7 of the EFCC (establishment) Act, 2004. And such
legislator shall equally be subjected to section 16 (1) – (3) of the EFCC
(establishment) Act, 2004.
Proceedings of European Business Research Conference
Sheraton Roma, Rome, Italy, 5 - 6 September 2013, ISBN: 978-1-922069-29-0
Section 16
1. Stated that any person who, in the discharge of his duty under this Act,
gives information which is false in any material particular to a public
officer or any person who is to take decision or do any other act in
relation thereto commits an offence under this Act, and the onus shall
be on him to prove that he exercise due diligence to prevent the
commission of the offence having regards to the nature of his function
and circumstances;
2. The penalty for the offence under section (1) of this section shall be
imprisonment for a term not less than 2 years and not more than 3
years. Provided that where the offender is a public officer the penalty
shall be imprisonment for a term not less than 3 years and not more
than 5 years.
3. Without prejudice to the provisions of any other enactment, any
regulatory agency or body in the financial sector shall in the exercise of
its function liaise with the commission to
4. investigate and monitor the commission of economic and financial
crimes.
If this recommendation is put to use by the commission and other stake holders,
Nigeria will very soon see a non-existing land of corruption, and further prove how
serious Nigeria is on zero tolerance to corruption.
Table2: Distribution of Respondents by Knowledge of Number of Former
Governors Arrested
Resp.
Don’t
know
Only one
Categories of Respondents
MMC
80
Freq.
EFCC
officials
Percentage
(%)
80
-
33
120
2-10
-
120
40
40
-
50
17
11-20
Above
20
Total
200
40
240
100%
Source: PH.D survey
From the table above, it is clear that 33% of the total of 240 respondents
revealed that to the best of their knowledge they do not know any former governor
arrested by EFCC so far. 50% of the respondents said only one former governor has
been arrested by EFCC so far. 17% said between 2 – 10 former governors have
been arrested by EFCC.
Proceedings of European Business Research Conference
Sheraton Roma, Rome, Italy, 5 - 6 September 2013, ISBN: 978-1-922069-29-0
It is obvious to note that Nigeria‟s anti-corruption laws and judicial procedures
of litigating corrupt authorities are frustrating. For instance, many former governors
accused of breaching the oath have been let off the hook, after a plea bargain
(claimed to be guaranteed by the law). Code of Conduct Bureau chairman, Sam
Saba said, some governors had made some refunds, hence their exclusion from trial
(e.g. somebody like SaminuTuraki made refunds to the federal government)
(Ogundele, 2001). Such laws are in favour of corruption and corrupt authorities.
Corrupt authorities could carelessly commits said crime with clear mission of taking
advantage of the short falls of the law, by simply offering part of their stolen wealth to
go squat free. This results in mockery of the majority of the general public members
who are victims of corrupt practices of same authorities arrogantly moving amidst
them.
This table further more confirm to the fact that majority of members of public
don‟t know the impact of EFCC since its existence. This is too embarrassing
particularly considering the fact that more than 85% of the total of 1240 respondents
has at least secondary school education as qualification. It is highly abnormal for
such category of individuals to be predominantly unconscious of serious happening
of the affairs of the dear country. More so, about 97% of the total of 1240
respondents are between the age bracket of 18 – 49 years; the most productive
category of population. This category of population are supposed to be the active
participants in all development issues and particularly issues like corruption that has
given Nigeria the dirtiest picture as sometimes most corrupt nation in the world.
Table 3: Distribution of Respondents by Knowledge of Number of
Commissioners Arrested by EFCC So Far
Resp.
Categories of Respondents
MC
80
Don’t
know
Only
one
2-10
120
11-20
-
Above
20
Total
-
Freq.
Percentage
(%)
-
80
33
-
120
50
40
40
17
100.1 = 100%
40
240
EFCC
officials
-
200
Source: PH.D survey
The table above revealed that 50% of the total of 240 respondents said to the
best of their knowledge only one commissioner has been arrested by EFCC so far.
There are no singled out records of commissioners arrested by EFCC from the
GombeZonal headquarters made available in the course of this finding despite the
fact that the officer in charge readily cooperated. However, ICPC record revealed
that between 2001 and 2007 there was generally nobody prosecuted in Adamawa
state,only one prosecuted in 2006 in Bauchi state, total of 3 prosecuted in Borno
state (2 in 2006 and 1 in 2007), 1 in 2007 in Gombe, 1 in 2006 and 1 in 2007 in
Taraba state (totalled 2) and only 1 in Yobe state in 2007. A total of 8 were
prosecuted in the region between 2001 and 2007. The reality of the skeletal service
given to researchers when it comes to records by EFCC is a clue of insincerity
harboured by the commission which in itself is corruption.
Proceedings of European Business Research Conference
Sheraton Roma, Rome, Italy, 5 - 6 September 2013, ISBN: 978-1-922069-29-0
Section 192:
(1) Of the 1999 constitution said there shall be such offices of commissioners of
the government of a state as may be established by the governor of the state.
(2) Any appointment to the office of commissioners of the government of a state
shall, if the nomination of any person to such office is confirmed by the house
of assembly of the state, be made by the governor of that state and in making
any such appointment, the governor shall confirm with the provisions of
section 14 (4) of the constitution;
(3) No person shall be appointed as a commissioner of the government of a state
unless he is qualified for election as a member of the house of assembly of
the state.
Section 14 (4) of the constitution stated that the composition of the
government of a state, a local government council, or any of the agencies of such
government or council, and the conduct of the affairs of the government or council or
such agencies shall be carried out in such manner as to recognise the diversity of
the people within its area of authority and the need to promote a sense of belonging
and loyalty among all the peoples of the federation.
By application of section 14 (4) to the affairs of state, it is likely to have at
least a commissioner from each local government area under a state. Thus, Nigeria
could have at least a total of 774 commissioners at a time for the federation which is
equivalent to the total number of local government areas. If each commissioner
served for a minimum of one year for the past 48 years we shall have a total of
34,152 commissioners to have served as maximum in Nigeria. And for north eastern
state, Bauchi, Borno, Adamawa, Taraba, Yobe and Gombe state with a total of 113
local government areas, there should be 113 x 48 = 5424 likely to have served in the
region. And for the sampled states are 64 x 48 = 3072.
If EFCC meant a real business in fighting corruption in Nigeria a significant
number if not all the 34,152likely to have served commissioners should have been
suspected, most likely arrested. Section 7 (1) – (2) of the EFCC (establishment) Act
2004 should have been put to effective use accordingly. The insignificant numbers of
commissioners known to have been arrested by the respondents is a testimony that
EFCC lived below expectations.
Proceedings of European Business Research Conference
Sheraton Roma, Rome, Italy, 5 - 6 September 2013, ISBN: 978-1-922069-29-0
Table 4: Distribution of Respondents by Knowledge on Number of L. G.
Chairmen Arrested by EFCC So Far.
Resp.
Don’t
know
Only
one
2-10
Categories of Respondents
MC
60
Freq.
Percentage
(%)
-
60
25
-
50
21
-
90
38
40
40
17
40
240
100%
EFCC
officials
50
90
11-20
-
Above
20
Total
-
-
200
Source: PH.D survey
The table above revealed that 38% of the total of 240 respondents mentioned
that to the best of their knowledge 2-10 local government chairman have been
arrested by EFCC so far. In total of 80% of the respondents maintained that less
than 10 local government chairmen were arrested by EFCC to their knowledge.
Nigeria has 774 local government chairmen nationwide. From 1960 to date,
we may have less than 30,000 local government chairmen that have served offices
nationwide. EFCC have not lived up to expectation since it cannot boast of arresting
or prosecuting 1000 of them from this 30,000 or less. Level of corruption at the local
government level is known to everybody, including the commission. And for
northeast zone there are 113 chairmen from which 64 are of the sample state. And a
total of 64 x 48 = 3072 at maximum level could have served as chairmen.
Mrs. Farida Waziri, executive Chairman, EFCC at 2nd EFCC/ALGON National
Workshop held on 26th August, 2008 at the Training and Research Institute (TRI),
Karu, Abuja, stated that local government administration had become elitist and
excluded the people which it was meant to serve their interest, that some chief
executives of local government councils no longer reside in the domain they were
elected to administer; some only drive in from state capitals when monies are to be
shared and then disappear till the next allocations comes from the federation
account. That three trillion, three hundred and thirteen billion, five hundred and thirty
four million, eight hundred and fifty six thousand, five hundred and forty one naira,
seventy nine kobo (#3, 313, 534, 856, 541, 79k) was allocated to the local
government councils from 1999 to June 2007, stressing that failure at the third tier of
government could not then be blamed on lack of funds but corruption (Zero
Tolerance, 1/2/2009:14).
Governor Jonah Jang of Plateau stated that local government administration
had over the years become drain pipes while some so called development centres
were avenues of siphoning government funds. Some state governors share in the
blame for the poor state of affairs in these councils as they fail to completely release
funds accruable to them, called for a thorough screening of persons aspiring to
leadership positions in the councils, as well as regular auditing of local government
accounts (Zero Tolerance, 1/2/2009:14).
Proceedings of European Business Research Conference
Sheraton Roma, Rome, Italy, 5 - 6 September 2013, ISBN: 978-1-922069-29-0
The executive chairman and governor Jang‟s statements are both
categorically suspicious of the activities of the chairmen and even some state
governors. These two positions are enough to put to action section 7 (1) (a) and (b),
and (2) (a) – (f).
By this provision, EFCC has special power to cause to investigate into the
properties of any person and notwithstanding the less than 30,000 local government
council chairmen believed to have served in that capacity since 1960, since they are
clearly suspicious to the commission and to almost all Nigerians. The lifestyles and
the extent of the properties claimed to have owned by such individuals are never in
any way justifiable to their source of income.
Table 5: Distribution of Respondents by Knowledge of Number of Traditional
Rulers Arrested by EFCC So Far
Resp.
Don’t
know
Only
one
2-10
Categories of Respondents
MC
80
Freq.
EFCC
officials
80
-
40
33
40
80
17
80
11-20
Above
20
Total
Percentage
(%)
33
40
40
40
240
200
17
100.4 = 100%
Source: PH.D survey
The table above revealed that 33% of the total 240 respondents maintained
that no single traditional ruler has been arrested by EFCC, 17% said one traditional
ruler has been arrested by EFCC. 17% maintained that more than 20 traditional
rulers have been arrested by EFCC. The EFCC officials maintained that more than
20 traditional rulers were arrested.
The commission has no special treatment to suspects based on hierarchies or
social orders. All suspects are suspects, and categorization is based on offences not
calibre of suspects or dependent/accused. Even if we go by this declaration as
accurate, it is absolutely inadequate andproves to the high degree of performance of
EFCC is fighting corruption to expected standard. Dailies reported Yobe state
government sacked number of officials of the traditional institution for alleged corrupt
practices, yet such individuals have not been on the accessible records of EFCC.
Even if all of the Yobe traditional rulers sacked were arrested by EFCC the number
is still insignificant compared to proportion of those in atrocities. Another example is
that of deposed sultan of Sokoto, Ibrahim Macido for fraud and public deception to
enrich himself and few other traditional rulers mostly deposed during military
regimes. Nevertheless, most of them are not put to conviction judiciously.
Proceedings of European Business Research Conference
Sheraton Roma, Rome, Italy, 5 - 6 September 2013, ISBN: 978-1-922069-29-0
Conclusion and Recommendation
From above it was established that Nigeria has been corrupt. There were also
indications of efforts to fight against corruption with the creation of EFCC. With
slightest political will the pioneer chairman of EFCC showed possibility of enforcing
laws against corruption upon any Nigerian who hitherto were believed to be
untouchables. But powers to exercise the appropriate political will particularly on
issues of curbing corruption have always been blocked and hijacked by corrupt
elements, so the will are almost always used against anti-corruption gangs. No
wonder effort of Ribadu was frustrated to the extent that many critical minds could
conclude without any fear of contradiction that Nigeria is very unfortunately a
hopeless state. Paradoxically we still have elements of anti-corruption gangs who
have prepared to risk their lives to face the challenges.
Corrupt elements are clear from above that they are cult members who could
fearlessly group and gang against anti-corrupt bodies. From Balogun alone EFCC
discovered #17billion stolen money. From the perception of performance in tables
above, the agency is a complete failure in terms of number of cases handled at least
to the best of the knowledge of respondents. Majority perceived that corrupt
elements like the governors, commissioners, local government chairmen, traditional
rulers etc. have not been significantly arrested by EFCC after years claims of anticorruption exercises. Also the public perceived that from all indications the EFCC
has not realized its set objectives. It is clear corruption in Nigeria is an effect of
capitalist operation, specifically dependent capitalism where the state was made the
only source of generating wealth by bribery and embezzlement.
Based on above it is an obligation to make following recommendations. That
anti -corruption elements no matter the circumstance should not give up. There
must be no excuse for corruption. Assets must be declared publically by all and
particularly accounting officers in public. Code Conduct Bureau must be transparent
and publish all assets declared and actions taken authoritatively. There must be triangular and transparent relationship between various tiers of government and all
agencies with over all common goal of curbing corruption. Money embezzled and
bribes collected are not spirits, and so they cannot hide to government. EFCC must
have access to information on every Nigerian and particularly on accounting officers
directly by distributing questionnaires annually. The questionnaire must contain
general survey on income and assets in all forms. Cash in banks, family sizes, cost
of general living etc. Banks must forward the statements of accounts of everybody to
the EFCC annually. The land departments must keep record of every development
on land and forward such reports to EFCC annually. Vehicles and related registration
agencies like Federal Road Safety Corps, Police, Board of revenues etc. should
annually forward detailed reports of their activities to EFCC for necessary legal
actions. Only clean, honest, determined and courageous citizens must be recruited
in EFCC and where by errors wrong persons are found in the agency they should be
expelled and prosecuted. Let there be more sociologists in the agency. There must
be death penalty for corruption, to realize EFCC‟s zero-tolerance objective.
And all above are bound to be frustrated under the current dispensation of
dirty but well concrete dependent capitalist socio-economic order. For above to be
successful and to see Nigeria preoccupied by corrupt free transactions, all hands
Proceedings of European Business Research Conference
Sheraton Roma, Rome, Italy, 5 - 6 September 2013, ISBN: 978-1-922069-29-0
must be on desk to bring an end to capitalism, so that nobody worships money but
respect human dignity.
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