Planning of
Broadband Wireless Access Network
Michael Ernst
LS telcom AG
ITU-BDT Regional Network Planning Workshop
with Tool Case Studies for the Arab Region
Cairo, Egypt, 16-27 July 2006
Agenda
Description of the planning tasks and intention of the project.
Demands and frame conditions for the wireless network
Technical parameters and terms of the WiMAX equipment
Basic functions of the Planning Tool MULTILINK
Necessary input data for the network planning tool
Start of the planning tool and the usage of basic functions
Usage of raster maps and different resolution
Tool setup and definition of calculation parameters
1
Agenda
Broadband Wireless Access Network design
Link Budget calculation for several wireless services (Up- and Downlink)
Calculation of maximum cell range for WiMAX 2.5, 3.5 and 5,7 GHz
Creation of new sites and import of ASSCII site lists
Optimization of base station locations (LOS Analyses)
Definition of technical Base station parameters (Power, Antenna, etc.)
Coverage calculation
Necessary input data and parameters for the prediction calculation
Coverage calculation and result analyses
Network calculations and analyses
Agenda
Interference Analyses and Frequency Planning for a wireless network
Frequency plan, channel allocation and polarization discrimination
Carrier / Interferer calculation and result analyses
Automatic channel allocation
Wireless network planning results
Interpretation of wireless network planning results
Comparison of wireless network planning results
2
Description of the planning tasks and
intention of the project
Planning of Broadband Wireless Access Network
In structure of a workshop,
a broadband wireless access network
will be planed by using
state-of-the-art planning tool
MULTIlink by LS telcom.
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com
www.LStelcom.com
5
Demands and Frame conditions
for the wireless network
WiMAX Coverage for urban, suburban and rural areas
(Coverage probability of 99,00 % )
Use WiMAX system technique
(OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access)
Different WiMAX services should cover (Indoor/Outdoor)
(see table following page)
Use of frequency raster 2.5 GHz or 3.5 GHz
Already existing sites from a GSM network should use for the network design
A set of 18 friendly sites should use for a second network design
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com
www.LStelcom.com
6
3
Technical parameters and terms of the
transmitting equipment
Definition of coverage areas based on
Type of coverage (Indoor / Outdoor)
class 1: LOS coverage (outdoor)
class 2: NLOS coverage (outdoor)
class 3: nonLOS coverage (indoor)
Type of service (voice / data)
Traffic requirement and Hot Spots
Quality of Service (QoS)
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
 2006 by LS telcom AG
mernst@LStelcom.com
www.LStelcom.com
7
Demands and Frame conditions
for the wireless network
Table of different WiMAX services
Service
Equipment
possible
Locations
Speed
IEEE 802.16
IEEE 802.16e
full mobility
Notebook
Smartphone's
PDA
multiple
high speed
☺
simple
mobility
Notebook
Smartphone's
PDA
multiple
low speed
☺
portability
Notebook
multiple
walking
speed
nomadic
Indoor CPE
Notebook
multiple
fixed
fixed
Indoor CPE
Outdoor CPE
multiple
fixed
☺
☺
☺
☺
☺
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com
www.LStelcom.com
8
4
Demands and Frame conditions
for the wireless network
IEEE Standard 802.16 profiles
Spectrum
Access Mode
Channel bandwidth
FFT size
IEEE Standard
3400 - 3600
TDD
3,5
256
806.16-2004
3400 - 3600
FDD
3,5
256
806.16-2004
3400 - 3600
TDD
7
256
806.16-2004
3400 - 3600
FDD
7
256
806.16-2004
5725 - 5850
TDD
10
256
806.16-2004
2495 - 2690
TDD
1.25, 5, 10, 20
128, 512, 1024, 2048
806.16e
2495 - 2690
TDD
4.375
512
806.16e
2495 - 2690
TDD
8.75, 15
1024
806.16e
2300 - 2400
TDD
1.25, 5, 10, 20
128, 512, 1024, 2048
806.16e
3300 - 3600
TDD
3,5
512
806.16e
3300 - 3600
FDD
3,5
512
806.16e
3300 - 3600
HFDD
3,5
512
806.16e
3300 - 3800
TDD
4.375
512
806.16e
3300 - 3900
TDD
1.25, 5, 10, 20
128, 512, 1024, 2048
806.16e
3300 - 3900
TDD
7, 10
512 , 1024
806.16e
3300 - 3900
FDD
7, 10
512 , 1024
806.16e
3300 - 3900
HFDD
7, 10
512 , 1024
806.16e
mernst@LStelcom.com
www.LStelcom.com
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
 2006 by LS telcom AG
9
Technical parameters and terms
of the WiMAX equipment
3,5 GHz
Base station (BS)
Multiple access scheme
OFDMA
CPE (Terminal)
OFDMA
Duplex Mode
TDD (Time Division Duplex)
TDD (Time Division Duplex)
Transmitting Power
27 dBm
20 dBm
Bandwidth
3,5 / 7 MHz
3,5 / 7 MHz
Modulation Scheme
BFSK / QPSK / 16 QAM / 64 QAM
BFSK / QPSK / 16 QAM / 64 QAM
Antenna Type
Omni / Sector 90°/ 60°/ 15°
Parabolic / Sector 15° / Omni
Antenna gain / dBi
7 / 15 / 17 / 22
33 / 22 / 3
Sensitivity
see following table
see following table
2,5 GHz
Base station (BS)
CPE (Terminal)
Multiple access scheme
OFDMA
OFDMA
Duplex Mode
TDD
TDD
Transmitting Power
27 dBm
20 dBm
Bandwidth / MHz
5 / 10 / 20
5 / 10 / 20
Modulation Scheme
BFSK / QPSK / 16 QAM / 64 QAM
BFSK / QPSK / 16 QAM / 64 QAM
Parabolic / Sector 15° / Omni
Antenna Type
Omni / Sector 90°/ 60°/ 15°
Antenna gain / dBi
7 / 15 / 17 / 22
33 / 22 / 3
Sensitivity
see following table
see following table
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 10
www.LStelcom.com
5
Technical parameters and terms
of the WiMAX equipment
Modulation / Bit rate matrix of typical WiMAX equipment
IEEE Standard 802.16 profiles
Base-station
CPE
Modulation
Code
rate
Sensitivity
dBm
S / (N+I)
Ratio dB
Raw Bit Rate DL
(Mbps) 3,5 MHz
Net throughput DL
(Mbps) 3,5 MHz
1/2
3/4
-100
8,0
1,4
1,2
-98
10,7
2,1
1,6
1/2
-97
9,0
2,8
2,1
3/4
-94
11,0
4,3
3,3
1/2
-91
16,4
5,7
4,4
3/4
-88
18,2
8,9
6,9
1/2
-83
22,7
11,3
9,0
3/4
-82
24,4
12,6
10,0
BFSK
QPSK
Antenna data
16 QAM
Antenna type
64QAM
Antenna size
Antenna gain
Front to Back ratio
Antenna polarization
Half power beam width
X-polarization discrimination
Digital pattern
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 11
www.LStelcom.com
Basic Functions of the
Planning Tool MULTILINK
Necessary input data for the network planning tool
Digital raster maps (topo, clutter, overview, satellite image etc.)
Technical parameter for the transmitting equipment (frequency,
output power, receiver sensitivity, S/N ratio, modulation, etc.)
Digital Antenna pattern, antenna gain, polarization
Frequency raster (Band divided in several sub-channels)
Model for the prediction calculation (free space loss,
Epstein-Peterson, Okumura Hata, ITU-R, etc.)
Site locations with coordinates and building or tower heights
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 12
www.LStelcom.com
6
Basic Functions of the
Planning Tool MULTILINK
Start of the planning tool and the usage of basic functions
1.1.Enter
Enteruser
user
name
name“ITU”
“ITU”
2.2.Enter
Enteryour
yourpersonal
personal
password
password“ITU”
“ITU”
double click
double click
on shortcut
on shortcut
Choose
Choosedefault
defaultlogin
login
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 13
www.LStelcom.com
Basic Functions of the
Planning Tool MULTILINK
Menu
Menu
Toolbar
Toolbar
Overview
Overview
window
window
Calculation
Calculation
result
result
Working
Workingmap
map
Value
Valuedisplay
display
(status
(statusbar)
bar)
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 14
www.LStelcom.com
7
Basic Functions of the
Planning Tool MULTILINK
Toolbar actions 1
Refresh
Refresh
Button
Button
Overview
Overview
Load next map in
Load next map in
West
West
North
North
South
South
East
East
Direction
Direction
Zoom
Zoom
Default
Default
Arrow
Arrow
Show
Show
Legend
Legend
Rectangle
Rectangle
Selection
Selection
Hold & Move
Hold & Move
Map
Map
Polygon /
Polygon /
Create Vector
Create Vector
Line / Direction
Line / Direction
Distance
Distance
Show
Show
Profile
Profile
mernst@LStelcom.com 15
www.LStelcom.com
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Target
Target
Coordination
Coordination
Basic Functions of the
Planning Tool MULTILINK
Toolbar actions 2
Move
Move
Site
Site
Create
Create
Site
Site
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Set
SetBase
Base
Station
Station
Create
Create
Microwavelink
Microwavelink
LOS
LOS
Check
Check
Create
Create
Basestation
BasestationLink
Link
Parameters
Parameters
ofofLOS
LOSCheck
Check
Overlay
Overlay
Mode
Mode
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
Line
Line
Drawing
Drawing
Text Edit
Text Edit
Polygon
Polygon
Drawing
Drawing
mernst@LStelcom.com 16
www.LStelcom.com
8
Basic Functions of the
Planning Tool MULTILINK
Status bar actions
Toggle
ToggleWhite
White
Background
Backgroundon/off
on/off
Coordinates
Coordinates
Toggle
Toggle
Tooltips
Tooltipson/off
on/off
Map
Mapvalues
values
Selection of the
Zoom factor
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Selection of the Map
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
Selection of the
Coordinate System
mernst@LStelcom.com 17
www.LStelcom.com
Basic Functions of the
Planning Tool MULTILINK
Spreadsheet handling
Open the technical database via the menu bar
Double click on a row to reach the single base station parameter
Modify values in the dialog window
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 18
www.LStelcom.com
9
Basic Functions of the
Planning Tool MULTILINK
Spreadsheet handling
Adding new records in any spreadsheet via menu “Edit / Add record”
Modify single values manually by hand
Modify a list of values in the spreadsheet by using the “Set Column”
or Find/Replace” function
Modify values in the dialog window
via menu “Edit / Edit”
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 19
www.LStelcom.com
Basic Functions of the
Planning Tool MULTILINK
Usage of Raster maps and different resolutions
The prediction model needs for the coverage calculation digital terrain data and
sometimes additional digital landuse (clutter) data.
Digital Terrain Model
Digital Elevation Model
Morpho Data
Ortho Images
Political Overview Maps
Road Maps
Conductivity
Population
Traffic
Rain Rate
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 20
www.LStelcom.com
10
Basic Functions of the
Planning Tool MULTILINK
Usage of Raster maps and different resolution
Paper Maps
Paper Maps
SAR Satellite Data
SAR Satellite Data
Satellite Images
Satellite Images
Aerial Photography
Aerial Photography
Laser Scanning
Laser Scanning
Source
Source
DTM
(Digital Terrain
Model)
Resolution
Resolution
SAR Satellite Data
SAR Satellite Data
Satellite Images
Satellite Images
Aerial Photography
Aerial Photography
Laser Scanning
Laser Scanning
Resolution
Resolution
 2006 by LS telcom AG
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
xx xx
x
x
x
Source
Source
DEM
(Digital Elevation
Model)
1000m x
1000m
500m x
500m
200m x
200m
100m x
100m
50m x
50m
25m x
25m
10m x
10m
5m x
5m x
1m
1m
1000m
1000m
500m
500m
200m
200m
100m x
100m x
50m x
50m x
25m x x
25m x x
10m
x
x
10m
x
x
5m
x
x
5m
1m
xx xx
1m
x
x
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 21
www.LStelcom.com
Basic Functions of the
Planning Tool MULTILINK
Tool setup and definition of calculation parameters
Import of Digital raster maps (topo, morhpo, overview, satellite image etc.)
Creation of a new parameter set for the transmitting equipment
The WiMAX base station use different types of antennas
Definition of a new Frequency raster (Band with several sub-channels)
The calculation require some technical WiMAX equipment data
Import and creation of Digital Antenna parameter set
For the coverage calculation a digital terrain map from the
Bamako Mali area is necessary
The WiMAX base station operate in 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz or 5.7 GHz Band
Import of a Site table with coordinates and building or tower heights
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 22
www.LStelcom.com
11
Basic Functions of the
Planning Tool MULTILINK
Tool setup and definition of calculation parameters
Some basic setup parameters are defined in the “tool setup” window.
Coordinate systems, topo and morpho colors can defined
Setup of Display attributes for sites, base-stations, sectors,
CPE´s and links
Basic parameters regarding the interference analyses and calculation
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 23
www.LStelcom.com
Broadband Wireless Access Network design
Link Budget calculation for six coverage classes (Up- and Downlink)
Network design in the 2,5 GHz Band
Link Budget for Coverage class 1:
“Rural Area” with LOS Outdoor coverage
Link Budget for Coverage class 2:
“Suburban Area” with NLOS Outdoor coverage
Link Budget for Coverage class 3:
“Urban Area” with nonLOS Indoor coverage
Network design in the 3,5 GHz Band
Link Budget for Coverage class 1:
“Rural Area” with LOS Outdoor coverage
Link Budget for Coverage class 2:
“Suburban Area” with NLOS Outdoor coverage
Link Budget for Coverage class 3:
“Urban Area” with nonLOS Indoor coverage
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 24
www.LStelcom.com
12
Coverage class 1: “Rural Area”
Valley, villages
Lower average income
Lower penetration of home
computers
Fewer business
No DSL via cable available, “no
competition”
Residential-dominated market
Outdoor coverage (using outdoor
antenna with LOS to the Base
station)
Large cell sizes
Existing core network / microwave
link for backhaul
Data Rate:
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 25
www.LStelcom.com
Link Budget for Coverage class 1:
“Rural Area” with LOS Outdoor coverage
Basic Parameters for the Link Budget
Frequency Band 2,5 GHz
Coverage probability 99,00 %
Penetration loss 0 dB
LOS conditions between BS and CPE
Base station antenna gain 15 dBi
Output power base station 27 dBm
Sensitivity base station levels see table
CPE antenna gain 6 dBi
Output power CPE 20 dBm
Sensitivity CPE levels see table
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 26
www.LStelcom.com
13
Coverage class 2: “Suburban Area”
Valley, medium-sized city
Average income
Medium penetration of home
computers
Small business
Partly cable or DSL, limited
competition
Residential & small business market
Outdoor, partly indoor coverage with
near LOS the the base station
Medium cell sizes
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 27
www.LStelcom.com
Link Budget for Coverage class 2:
“Suburban Area” with NLOS Outdoor coverage
Basic Parameters for the Link Budget
Frequency Band 2,5 GHz
Coverage probability 99,00 %
Penetration loss 0 dB
Near LOS condition between
BS and CPE (standard deviation 12 dB)
Base station antenna gain 15 dBi
Output power base station 27 dBm
Sensitivity base station levels see table
CPE antenna gain 6 dBi
Output power CPE 20 dBm
Sensitivity CPE levels see table
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 28
www.LStelcom.com
14
Coverage class 3: “Urban Area”
Major city, high-rise buildings
Many potential broadband customers
High penetration of home computers
Many business users
Mostly Cable and/or DSL available,
strong competition
Residential & business market
Indoor coverage with no LOS the the
base station
Small cell sizes
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 29
www.LStelcom.com
Link Budget for Coverage class 3:
“Urban Area” with nonLOS Indoor coverage
Basic Parameters for the Link Budget
Frequency Band 2,5 GHz
Coverage probability 99,00 %
Penetration loss 0 dB
Non LOS condition between
BS and CPE (standard deviation 12 dB)
additional penetration loss 10 dB
Base station antenna gain 15 dBi
Output power base station 27 dBm
Sensitivity base station levels see table
CPE antenna gain 6 dBi
Output power CPE 20 dBm
Sensitivity CPE levels see table
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 30
www.LStelcom.com
15
Calculation of maximum cell range and traffic
for WiMAX 2,5 GHz, 3,5 GHz and 5,7 GHz
Overview WiMAX Link Budgets results
Calculated max Cell distance at 2,5 / 3,5
and 5,7 GHz for LOS / NLOS and
nonLOS coverage
Calculated Net Throughput for the
following modulation schemes:
BFSK ½
QPSK ½
QPSK ¾
16 QAM ½
16 QAM ¾
64 QAM 2/3
64 QAM ¾
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 31
www.LStelcom.com
Link Budget for Coverage class 1:
“Rural Area” with LOS Outdoor coverage
Chart of the Link Budget results
Calculated max Cell distance at 2,5 /
3,5 and 5,7 GHz for LOS / NLOS and
non LOS coverage
Calculated Net Throughput for the
following modulation schemes:
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 32
www.LStelcom.com
16
Broadband Wireless Access Network design
Creation of new sites
Use tower tool to create new sites on the map
Define site parameter in the “sites dialog windows
Import of a ASSCII site lists
Open site database table
Choose “File / Import /Special”
out of the menu to start an
ASSCII file import.
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 33
www.LStelcom.com
Broadband Wireless Access Network design
Optimization of base station locations
Select site with right mouse button and choose
“Move to the highest point”
Or start “LOS Calculation”, define some calculation
parameters and analyses the LOS result
Or use site move tool to find
a better location on the terrain map
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 34
www.LStelcom.com
17
Broadband Wireless Access Network design
Definition of technical device parameters
Open PtMP device and antenna
database table
Create an new record “Edit / Add record” out
of the menu
Define or modify technical device / antenna
parameters like:
Output power
Modulation
Frequency
Sensitivity
C / I ratios
Antenna gain
pattern
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 35
www.LStelcom.com
Broadband Wireless Access Network design
Creation of WiMAX base-stations (BS)
Use the BS creation tool and click on the desired site on
the map
Define the number of sectors
Choose out of the table the sector antenna and the
device for all sectors of the BS
Define Name and Status parameters
of the new BS
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 36
www.LStelcom.com
18
Broadband Wireless Access Network design
Definition of technical base station parameters
Open PtMP BS-Sectors database table
Define or modify technical device / antenna
parameters like:
Output power
Modulation
Frequency Channel
Used device
Used Antenna
Antenna orientation
Antenna polarization
 2006 by LS telcom AG
mernst@LStelcom.com 37
www.LStelcom.com
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
Coverage calculation
Necessary input data and parameters
for the prediction calculation
base station output power
antenna gain / pattern
calculated distance BS - CPE
Digital raster maps (topo, morhpo,
overview, satellite image etc.)
Technical parameter for the
transmitting equipment (frequency,
output power, receiver sensitivity, S/N
ratio, modulation, etc.)
Terrain data
Digital Antenna pattern, antenna gain,
polarization
NLOS
Frequency raster (Band divided in
several sub-channels)
Model for the prediction calculation
(free space, Epstein-Petterson,
Okumura Hata, ITU-R, etc.)
Site locations with coordinates and
building or tower heights
 2006 by LS telcom AG
LOS
If avilable
clutter data
calculated
fieldstrenght
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 38
www.LStelcom.com
19
Coverage calculation
Coverage calculation and result analyses
The average receiver height and receiver antenna gain
has to be defined in the “PtMP / Coverage preferences”
menu
Also the radius of the result area should be three or
four times of the max. cell distance (defined by
rectangle or radius value)
coverage calculation has to performed for each sector
(transmitter) on all base stations of the network
The extend of the result area should be three or four
times of the max. cell distance.
digital terrain data and calculation model has to defined
out of the selection list in the coverage calculation
window (free space, Epstein-Petterson, Okumura Hata,
ITU-R, etc.)
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 39
www.LStelcom.com
Coverage calculation
Coverage calculation and result analyses
After coverage calculation,
for each sector a result is
stored in the result database
The result shows the field strength
in dBm for each pixel of the area
The Legend show the regarding value
to the colored pixel of the result
A threshold table can use to color a result
in several defined coverage classes
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 40
www.LStelcom.com
20
Coverage calculation
network calculation and result analyses
The single sector field strength result has to be
combined to an network wide result
For each pixel of the result a analyses of all sector
result is necessary
Different network calculations are available:
Max Field strength
Max Server
Best Server
C/I at Max Server
C/I at Best Server
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Result for BS 1
BS1
Result for BS 2 BS2
BS3
Result for BS 3
BS3
BS2
BS1
Combined result
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 41
www.LStelcom.com
Coverage calculation
Network result analyses
Because of the network combining
calculation the reverence between origin
sector and signal level is lost
Therefore the Max / Best Server result
shows the origin serving sector
The C/I at Max Server and C/I at Best
Server calculation analyzes for each sector
the required C/I relation to all neighbor
sectors of the network
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 42
www.LStelcom.com
21
Interference Analyses and Frequency
planning for a wireless network
Frequency plan, channel allocation and
polarization discrimination
where
f0
Offset
n
f
The frequency raster in the database
become defined through the following
parameters:
Reference frequency /MHz
Upper-/Lower band offset /MHz
Channel number
Channel separation
Duplex Space
Channel 1
vertical
3,5 MHz
Channel width
Reference frequency /MHz
Upper-/Lower band offset /MHz
Channel number
Channel separation
Reference
Frequency
Channel No.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ......
Min.
Frequency
fN = f0 + Offset + n * f
Offset
Lower Band
Channel No.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ......
Offset
Upper Band
Max.
Frequency
Channel Space
f0
Channel 1’
Channel 2
Channel 2’
Upper band
Lower band
3,5
f 0 = Reference frequency
 2006 by LS telcom AG
mernst@LStelcom.com 43
www.LStelcom.com
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
Interference Analyses and Frequency
planning for a wireless network
Frequency plan, channel allocation
and polarization discrimination
Vertical polarization
Horizontal polarization
Interference zone
Each device in the database has to be linked
to a frequency raster.
Sector 1
Sector 2
Sector 6
A base station, equipped with a device has to be linked
to a frequency raster and a single channel
BS 1
Sector 5
The required C/I ratio between two BS can be reach
either by enough channel spacing or the usage of
antenna polarization discrimination.
Sector 3
Sector 1
Sector 4
Sector 6
Sector 1
Sector 5
Sector 2
BS 1
Sector 2
Sector 6
Sector 3
Sector 4
BS 1
Sector 1
Sector 5
Sector 2
Sector 6
Sector 3
Sector 4
BS 1
Sector 5
Sector 3
Sector 4
No cross polarization discrimination
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 44
www.LStelcom.com
22
Interference Analyses and Frequency
planning for a wireless network
Carrier / Interferer calculation and result analyses
Each device in the database has to be linked
to a frequency raster.
A base station, equipped with a device has to be
linked to a frequency raster and a single channel
The required C/I ratio between two BS can be
reach either by enough channel spacing or
the usage of antenna polarization discrimination.
guard interval
operable level
noise level
minimum level
noise level
S/N
supply area
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
 2006 by LS telcom AG
mernst@LStelcom.com 45
www.LStelcom.com
Interference Analyses and Frequency
planning for a wireless network
Carrier / Interferer calculation and result analyses
Cochannel Interferer
Increasing threshold
Interference
Undisturbed receiver
threshold
-84 dBm
-87 dBm
S/N
Signal
Noise
Ratio
Noise floor with
Interfering signals
-98 dBm
Thermic noise
-101 dBm
Adjacent Channel Interferer
Channel 1
Channel 2
Interference
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 46
www.LStelcom.com
23
Interference Analyses and Frequency
planning for a wireless network
Automatic channel allocation
The “Automatic channel allocation” algorithm
distributes the available Frequencies (Channels)
over all sectors in the network.
The aim is to find a high quality wireless network
with an economic frequency use. A channel
distribution with a low network interference
and a high channel reuse is required
After a successful channel distribution a list of
all assigned Channels per sector is given out.
The C/I Interference calculation have to perform
again to analyze the network quality after the
successful channel assignment
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 47
www.LStelcom.com
Wireless network planning results
Interpretation of wireless network planning results
The coverage result of a 2.5 GHz WiMAX
network design by using 18 sites with
4 sectors per base-station
The covered area regarding the three coverage
classes. (Indoor and Outdoor)
Class 3 (red): (radius ~ 1.4 km) Indoor Coverage
Class 2 (yellow): outdoor coverage without LOS
Class 1 (green): outdoor coverage LOS necessary
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 48
www.LStelcom.com
24
Wireless network planning results
Interpretation of wireless network planning results
The C/I Max. server result of a 2.5 GHz WiMAX
network design using 18 sites with 4 sectors per
base-station in Co-channel conditions.
After a successful channel distribution over all
sectors the interference in the WiMAX network
is extremely reduced
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 49
www.LStelcom.com
Wireless network planning results
Comparison of wireless network planning results
The field strength difference between a 2.5 and 3.5 GHz network scenario.
The signal level for the 3.5 GHz scenario is approximately 3 dB lower
because of the higher frequency
2.5 GHz Wireless network
 2006 by LS telcom AG
3.5 GHz Wireless network
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 50
www.LStelcom.com
25
Wireless network planning results
Comparison of wireless network planning results
Due to the higher frequency, the 3.5 GHz network scenario shows some
gaps in the center city or a reduced coverage area for all three classes
2.5 GHz Wireless network
 2006 by LS telcom AG
3.5 GHz Wireless network
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 51
www.LStelcom.com
Wireless network planning results
Summary
Based on frame conditions and the given technical
equipment parameters, the network design with 18 basestation leads to a sufficient outdoor coverage for the 2.5
GHz approach .
To fill the coverage gaps, some additional base-station are
necessary for the 3.5 GHz network.
If indoor coverage is required for the complete area, the
max. cell distances has to reduce to 4 km (2.5 GHz) and 3
km (3.5 GHz)
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 52
www.LStelcom.com
26
Thank you for your attention !
For more information:
Michael Ernst
Roland Götz
Head of Department
Fixed Communication Services
Phone: +49 (0) 7227 9535 600
Email: MErnst@LStelcom.com
Web: www.LStelcom.com
Member of the Board
LS telcom AG
Phone: +49 (0) 7227 9535 700
Email: RGoetz@LStelcom.com
Web: www.LStelcom.com
 2006 by LS telcom AG
Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies
mernst@LStelcom.com 53
www.LStelcom.com
27