Coordinating the disaster response:
THE BENEFITS THAT SENSORS CAN BRING TO DISASTER
MITIGATION
Ronald
Ronald Jackson
Jackson
Director
Director General
General (Actg.)
(Actg.)
Office
Office of
of Disaster
Disaster Preparedness
Preparedness and
and Emergency
Emergency Management
Management
1
Outline
¾
¾Introduction
¾
¾Current
to Sensors;
example in Jamaica
¾
¾(ODPEM-WRA; Earthquake Unit, Met Services
Sensors: challenges in Information gathering
management;
¾
¾
and
The importance of situational awareness to enhance
disaster management
¾
¾
¾
¾Ongoing
Development at ODPEM
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Introduction
z Unplanned
Settlements
z The global experience Increased
occurrences in natural disasters
z Significant Damage in billions of dollars
z The Challenge is therefore to predict,
forecast and manage hazards to reduce
threat to life and property
z Advance sensing systems are therefore
an important tool in this regard
3
What are sensors?
z Physical
device (most are electrical)
that detects a signal suggesting a
change in the normal state
z Links
directly/indirectly through a
computer, so that the value sensed
becomes human readable;
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Why Sensor Use In Disaster
Management?
z To
take preventive measures to avert
disasters
z It allows integration and analysis of
spatial and temporal disaster data
z Aids the modeling and simulation
disasters more precisely.
z Allows for real-time decision making
and enhance emergency response
capabilities.
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Examples in Jamaica
z
z
Met Services
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
ODPEM/WRA
z
z
z
z
z
z
Weather stations
Radar
Rainfall Gauges
Telemetric Early Warning Systems and Community Flood
Warning systems
Stream Flow Gauges
Seismic Unit
z
z
z
z
z
z
Ground Acceleration Stations
Seismic subsystem
Sea-level subsystem
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Challenges of the use of
Sensors
z
z
Reliability (e.g. incomplete information needs to be
detected);
z
z
Performance: guarantees efficiency;
z
z
Maintenance and training: in-house capability;
z
z
Cost: benefit/profitable;
z
z
Security (e.g. hostile environment);
z
z
Technological upgrade;
z
z
Supporting infrastructure to maximize use of technology7
Information Challenges
z Credibility
of Data
z Availability (data exists but are not
easy to locate or difficult and costly to
acquire)
z Standardization
z Maximizing the utility of available
information
z Interoperability
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Situational Awareness to support
Mitigation
A process of monitoring vulnerabilities
and comparing them with possible
threats thereby allowing for critical
decisions to be taken at all stages of
the disaster cycle
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Situational Awareness
WHAT IS AT RISK?
z Infrastructure
z Critical Facilities
z Human Settlements
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Situational Awareness to support
Mitigation
z Allows
for vulnerable population and
disaster management persons to be
aware of the details of their
vulnerability
z Allows for mitigation decisions to be
made
z Builds support for programmes and
activities which support mitigation
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Situational Awareness to support
Mitigation
z Allows
for planners to have an in depth
understanding of vulnerable population,
vulnerable areas, hazards and sectors
at risk
z Allows for appropriate planning
measures to be put in place
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Situational awareness provided at
all stages of the Disaster Cycle
Mitigation
Preparedness
GIS
Planning
DISASTER
Recovery
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Response
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Situational Awareness to support
Mitigation
z
Short Term
Early Warning
z
z Pre-impact activities
z
z Evacuation
z
z
z
Long Term
Land use Planning
z
z Building Community
Resilience
z
z Relocation
z
z
z
Medium
Training
z
z Public Awareness
z
z Shelter Program
z
z Contingency
Planning
z
z Structural Mitigation
z
z Reconstruction
z
z
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Situational Awareness
WHERE IS THE INCIDENT?
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MITIGATION
HOW CAN THAT RISK BE REDUCED?
z
z
z
z
Structural Mitigation
Non Structural Mitigation
‰
GIS allows you to spatially represent
areas at risk and the level of Risk
associated with a particular Hazard.
‰
This in turn guides decision making as to
possible Mitigation measures.
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Tools towards establishing
situational awareness
z Telecommunications
equipment
z Situation
Reports
z GIS Mapping
z Remotely Sensed Data (Satellite)
z Weather Radar
z Gauges
z Stream
flow
z Rain Gauges
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Tools towards establishing
situational awareness
•Electronic Message Handling
System (EMHS)
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Damage Assessment
WHAT HAS BEEN
DAMAGED?
Map 5: Road Networks Impacted by
Hurricane Dennis
19
3D MODEL OF PORT MARIA SHOWING THE
HURRICANE ALLEN STORM SURGE BOUNDARY
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Ongoing Development
z
Real Time Information Exchange
among partners before, during and
after a disasters
z
Develop Community Vulnerability
Ranking System (e.g. community
boundaries, population density, hazard
history);
z
Network Analysis and modeling:
shortest path, nearest facilities,
evacuation planning, simulation;
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Ongoing Development
z
Web-mapping (report information, 4
ODPEM applications);
z
Re-establish telecommunications
facilities
z
Link GIS with Electronic Message
Handling System
z
Use of GIS to conduct Modelling
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Thank You
Office Of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency
Management
Tel: 876-928-5111 Fax: 876-9285503
Email: rjackson@odpem.org.jm
url:
http://www.odpem.org.jm
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