International Telecommunication Union
DIGITAL
DIGITAL DIVIDENDS
DIVIDENDS FOR
FOR THE
THE
LDCs
LDCs
Mid
-Term Review
Mid-Term
Reviewon
onthe
theImplementation
Implementationof
ofthe
theBPOA
BPOA
for
: 2001
-2010
forthe
theLDCs
LDCs:
2001-2010
13
13September
September2006,
2006,New
NewYork
York
Cosmas L. Zavazava, PhD
Head
Least Developed Countries,
Small Island Developing States and
Emergency Telecommunications
Who are the LDCs?
UNVEILING THE L FACTOR
Lack of Infrastructure
Low Income
Literacy Deficiency
Landlocked & Rural based
Lacuna (Rural vs Urban)
LDC
TRAP
WHO WE ARE
190 Member States
ITU
700 Sector Members
Helping the World Communicate
ITU-D
ITU-T
Telecommunication
standardization
- network and service
aspects
ITU-R
Assisting implementation
and operation of
telecommunications in
developing countries
Radiocommunication
standardization and
global radio spectrum
management
Our programme
Least Developed Countries, Small Island
Developing States and Emergency
Telecommunications (Doha, 2006)
Vision
Quality and timely service aimed at integrating
LDCs into the world economy through ICTs
Priority Areas
• Universal access (infrastructure, introduction
of new technologies, e-services, human resource
development, policies and regulations)
• Rehabilitation and reconstruction of
Telecommunication infrastructure for
Countries in Special Need
• Emergency Telecommunications
Applications and Services
STATE OF ICTs in LDCs: TELEDENSITIES
(2005)
LDC countries above
10 total telephone
subscribers per 100
inhabitants
LDC countries
between 5 and 10
total telephone
subscribers per 100
inhabitants
LDC countries below
5 total telephone
subscribers per 100
inhabitants
* 2005 figures
Gambia
Lesotho
Maldives
Mauritania,
Samoa
Senegal
Cape Verde
Lao P.D.R
Equatorial Guinea
Angola, Bhutan, Burkina
Faso, Djibouti, Haiti,
Kiribati, Mali, Sao Tome
and Principe, Senegal,
Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania,
Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda,
Vanuatu, Yemen
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Burundi, Cambodia,
Central African Rep., Chad, Comoros, D.R. Congo, Eritrea,
Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali,
Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sierra
Leone, Solomon Islands, Zambia
Afghanistan
Angola
Bangladesh
Benin
Bhutan
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cape Verde
Central African Rep.
Chad
Comoros
Congo(D.R.C)
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Haiti
Kiribati
Lao P.D.R.
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Maldives
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Myanmar
Nepal
Niger
Rwanda
Samoa
SaoTomeandPrincipe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Solomon Islands
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Tuvalu
Uganda
Vanuatu
Yemen
Zambia
Growth of teledensity in LDCs
doubled: 2000 - 2005
Growth of teledensity in LDCs from 2000 to 2005
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2000 Teledensity
2005 Teledensity
STATE OF ICTs in LDCs: INTERNET
PENETRATION (2005)
LDC countries above
10 total telephone
subscribers per 100
inhabitants
Sao Tome and
Principe
Tuvalu
LDC countries
between 5 and 10
total telephone
subscribers per 100
inhabitants
LDC countries below
5 total telephone
subscribers per 100
inhabitants
* 2005 figures
Benin, Cape
Verde, Haiti,
Maldives, Sudan
Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Central African Rep.,
Chad, Comoros, D.R. Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea,
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kiribati, Lao
P.D.R, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,
Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sierra Leone,
Samoa, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia
Afghanistan
Angola
Bangladesh
Benin
Bhutan
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cape Verde
Central African Rep.
Chad
Comoros
Congo(D.R.C)
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Haiti
Kiribati
Lao P.D.R.
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Maldives
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Myanmar
Nepal
Niger
Rwanda
Samoa
SaoTomeandPrincipe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Solomon Islands
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Tuvalu
Uganda
Vanuatu
Yemen
Zambia
Growth of Internet penetration in LDCs
(2000-2005)
Internet penetration in LDCs (2000-2004)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Internet users in 2000
Internet users in 2005
Fixed vs Mobile
Fixed lines vs cellular subscribers per 100 inhabitants in LDCs (2000-2004)
8
7
6
5
LDC fixed lines
4
LDC cellular subscribers
3
2
1
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Fixed, Mobile and Internet
T eledensities and Internet pentration in LDCs (2000-2004)
5.00%
4.66%
4.50%
4.00%
3.50%
3.00%
Fixed lines
Mobile subscribers
2.50%
Internet users
2.00%
1.50%
1.04%
1.00%
0.70%
0.50%
0.00%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Drivers to growth: Policy intervention
Industrial policy
Technology policy
Shaping industrial structure
stimulating structural change,
supporting competitiveness
=
Growth and employment
Stimulating the
economy by fostering innovation
and technological development
ICT policy
Needs to redefine
sectoral policies,
boundaries, institutions
and regulations
Media policy
Defining the framework
for provision of electronic
media content (audio and visual sector)
Telecommunication
policy
Creating and shaping the
transmission infrastructure (provision
of communication services)
Drivers to growth: Regulation
Growth of Regulatory agencies in LDCs from 1990 to 2005
Regulatory agencies, LDCs (cumulative)
35
33
28
29
24 24
20
16
13
9
6
5
05
04
20
20
03
20
02
20
01
00
20
99
20
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
94
19
93
19
92
19
91
3
3
1
19
19
19
90
1
Drivers to growth: Competition
Level of competition in selected services and networks in the LDCs, 2004
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
Monopoly
50%
Competition
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Basic Services
Cellular
ISPs
VSAT
The future is bright
• Political will in LDCs
• New, low cost and affordable technologies
(wireless)
• Increased competition: More inflows
• High awareness on role of ICTs
FUTURE OUTLOOK (2014)
LDC CAPEX Estimates (US$ ‘M’)
2003
1,458
2014
4,688
3,675
4,187
2010
2006
FUTURE OUTLOOK (2014)
LDC Telecommunications Revenues (US$ ‘M’)
2003
7,946
2014
2006
25,809
12,257
19,303
2010
FUTURE OUTLOOK (2014):
Teledensities
22.06
11.32
6.07
2.95
2004
2007
2010
2014
FUTURE OUTLOOK (2014):
Internet penetration
2.07
1.39
0.92
0.49
2004
2007
2010
2014
IN THE FINAL ANALYSIS WE NEED…
INFRASTRUCTURE
ICT APPLICATIONS
& SERVICES
HUMAN RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT & RETENTION
LEGAL & REGULATORY
ENVIRONMENT
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
INFORMATION SOCIETY & DIVIDE
DIGITAL DIVIDENDS
CYCLING TOWARDS 2015: ACHIEVING
THE MDGs
2015
International Telecommunication Union
Dr. COSMAS L. ZAVAZAVA
Telecommunication Development Bureau
International Telecommunication Union
www.itu.int/itu-d/ldc
Email: zavazava@itu.int
Tel: +41 22 730 5447