International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 34 Number 8- April 2016
Solar PV System with Grid Interconnections
and Inc MPPT Control
Harinder Singh *; Ankita Rani *; Krishan Arora **
*
M.Tech Scholar, ** Assistant Professor,
School of Electronics & Electrical Engineering,
Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
Abstract: Solar PV cells are in field of energy from
capabilities. This technology is good option as due
a long time now. But, in recent years their
to low maintenance requirement , eco-friendly and
utilisation increases rapidly in commercial field or
no pollution and fuel costs. The efficiency of PV
to say commercial aspect. The technology gets its
generation units is low as PV cells are exhibits to
advancement and also the fossil fuels are reducing
non-linear voltage vs. current character tics. Non
day by day so it further enhances their cause of
linearity like panel temperature and solar insolation
using solar power. But still, a lot to do with into
are included [2]. This non linearity’s are used to
this field. Like we have a major obstacle in the
make algorithms and by which PV array give quick
form of detection of maximum power output from a
response & extract the maximum power results into
PV cell. Some techniques of high peak power
efficient operation.
transfer are discussed into the literature for same.
P&O and incremental conductance (I.C) are some
In addition place in places with no alternative
different use, like deserts and roofs, or prove to the
of MPPT techniques are discussed.
electricity
for
remote
locations,
where
the
Keywords: INC (incremental conductance), PV
electricity done not any network. The latter kind of
array, Simulink model.
installations has understood off-grid facilities and
customarily the foremost economical completely
I.
INTRODUCTION
different to get electricity within the isolated areas.
In present world, as the consumption of power is
Hence, most of the PV power generation takes
increasing day by day. So, research for obtain
place from the grid-connected installations, where
renewable energy is also growing. The energy
facility could feed at intervals electricity network.
obtained from the renewable energy sources are
Actually, it's the expansion of business within the
future energy sources as the fossil fuel are limited.
developed countries like Federal Republic of
A lot of researches are made in past year in
Germany that in 2010 is out and away the world
development and enhancement of power system
leader within the PV current generation which will
which are depends on sea, wind ,solar power etc.
be followed by state, USA, Japan and Italia [3].
Into all of these the sun’s energy is used as most
II. MPPT(MAXIMUM POWER POINT
reliable .another benefit is that this energy is
TRACKING)
environment friendly. Although these type of
systems have high initial costs and minimum
The solar power modules can be operated at
efficiency. To overcome these situations PV panels
maximum power they are capable of production.
are used at their maximum power tracking
So, we need some system that may help to track the
ISSN: 2231-5381
http://www.ijettjournal.org
Page 377
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 34 Number 8- April 2016
maximum power of a module. This technique is
conversation. This process works as same amount
known as MPPT. Main point of this is that it is a
of power can be exchange by different level of
electronic based system that not physically move
current and voltage. Same technique is used to have
the module like in mechanical tracker. This will
a high current output and battery voltage as a
enhance output electrical power of PV module by
operating level voltage. Until the controller voltage
variation into electrical operating point of system
is higher than battery voltage by 5% or more than
by this mean a additive power is generated which
the output current of array will be higher than
increases battery charge current .we also use MPPT
input.
in addition of some other tracking system .but both
may completely different.
Solar panels has ability to extract most of power
with the help of MPPT. Main principle that is
employed is given as this algorithm will change PV
array operating voltage to battery level voltage and
enhance the output current of system. So, we know
that into this technique there is not any movement
of the PV array. This technique will lower down
the voltage and enhance the current. The output of
the array is stabilized by a process called DC to DC
Vin
Solar
Array
Vout
MPPT
Iin
Iout
Power
Supply
Figure. 1 : Basic Block Diagram
Basic solar cell equations is given by,
Where,
K
Botlzmann’s constatnt, 1.38*10-19 J/K
Ki
S/C current temp coefficient at Iscr
ISSN: 2231-5381
http://www.ijettjournal.org
Page 378
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 34 Number 8- April 2016
Q
Electron charge .1.6*10-23 C
ƛ
Solar irradiation in W/m2
Iscr
Short circuit current at 250 Celsius
Ilg
Light – generated current
Ego
Band gap for silicon
A
Ideality factor
Tr
Reference temperature
Ior
Cell saturation current at Tr
Rsh
Shunt resistance
Rs
Series resistance
Figure 2 : Equivelant PV Cell
III. INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE
MPPT
high into this method. This may generate
oscillations into output power. The comparison of
The voltage change is taken into consideration by
incremental conductance to array is done if
measuring incremental change of array current and
outcome is same then error signal is zero and point
voltage. This is quite efficient method rather than
is MPP.
P&O but the requirement of computation is quite
ISSN: 2231-5381
http://www.ijettjournal.org
Page 379
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 34 Number 8- April 2016
Figure 3: Incremental conductance
The incremental conductance algorithm gives a better tracking efficiency, control over power and very high
response by changing automatically to maximum power point by using the previous power point and by
comparing the value then the power point will automatically shift to that point thereby sensing intelligently and
by the use power electronics now-a-days everything will be done by reducing the losses to a minimal range and
very reliable in operation.
IV. SIMULATION CIRCUIT
Figure 4: Simulation model of MPPT Array using Incremental Conductance
ISSN: 2231-5381
http://www.ijettjournal.org
Page 380
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 34 Number 8- April 2016
V.
RESULTS AND FINDINGS
Figure 5 : Output of boost converter
In Figure 5, author has seen the fluctuations due to change into the irradiations into the
atmospheric conditions. Response of system can be improved by using some advance MPPT such as the
modified neural MPPT algorithm.
Figure 6 : Output voltage waveform of inverter
From Figure 6, author has observed that voltage reaches to very high value before 0.1 second and
decreases after 0.1 second. At 0.5 second the value again increases and then settles down before 0.6
second. After that the voltage is approximately sinusoidal.
ISSN: 2231-5381
http://www.ijettjournal.org
Page 381
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 34 Number 8- April 2016
CONCLUSION
This work gives approach of using INC technique
to solve MPPT problem into PV array that is
connected to grid. The output of the PV array is
[12]
ArashShafiei,
AhmadrezaMomeni
and
Sheldon
S.
Williamson, “A Novel Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point
Tracker for Battery Charging Applications,” IEEE, 2012.
[13] Ali F Murtaza, Hadeed Ahmed Sher, et al., “A Novel
Hybrid MPPT Technique for Solar PV Applications Using
quite better in terms of voltage. Required model for
Perturb & Observe and Fractional Open Circuit Voltage
adaptive INC algorithm is designed. Further we
Techniques”.
improve this response by using some advance
[14] Weidong Xiao, Nathan Ozog and William G. Dunford,
technique with low down THD of given output.
“Topology Study of Photovoltaic Interface for Maximum Power
Point Tracking,”IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,
Vol. 54, No. 3, June 2007.
REFERENCES
[1] TrishanEsram and Patrick L.Chapman, “Comparison of
Photovoltaic
Array
Maximum
Power
Point
Tracking
Techniques,”IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 22,
[15] Jun Pan, Chenghua Wang and Feng Hong, “Research of
Photovoltaic Charging System with Maximum Power Point
Tracking,” The Ninth International Conference on Electronic
Measurement & Instruments ICEMI, 2009.
No. 2, June 2007.
[2] Hung-I Hsieh, Jen-Hao Hsieh, et al., “A Study of HighFrequency Photovoltaic Pulse Charger for Lead-Acid Battery
Guided by PI-INC MPPT”.
[3] K.H. Hussein, I. Muta, T. Hoshino and M. Osakada,
“Maximum photovoltaic power tracking:an algorithm for rapidly
changing
atmospheric
conditions,”IEEEploc.-Gener.
Transmission and Distribution, Vol. 142, No. 1 , Jan. 1955.
[4] C.Thulasiyammal and S Sutha, “An Efficient Method of
MPPT Tracking System of a Solar Powered Uninterruptible
Power
Supply
Application,”
1st
International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems, 2011.
[5] NoppadolKhaehintung and PhaophakSirisuk, “Application
of Maximum Power Point Tracker with Self-organizing Weight
tuning Controller for Solarpowered Traffic Lights,” IEEE, 2007.
[6] C. S. Chin, P. Neelakantan, et al., “Weight tuning Based
MPPT for Photovoltaic Modules Influenced by Solar Irradiation
and Cell Temperature,” UKSim 13th International Conference
on Modelling and Simulation, 2011.
[7] PanomPetchjatuporn, PhaophakSirisuk, et al., “A Solarpowered
Battery Charger
with
Meta-heuristic
approach
Maximum Power Point Tracking Implemented on a Low-Cost
PIC-microcontroller”.
[8] S. Yuvarajan and JulineShoeb, “A Fast and Accurate
Maximum Power Point Tracker for PV Systems,” IEEE, 2008.
[9]
Prof.Dr.IlhamiColak,
Dr.ErsanKabalci
and
Prof.Dr.GungorBal, “Parallel DCAC Conversion System Based
on Separate Solar Farms with MPPT Control,” 8th International
Conference on Power Electronics - ECCE Asia, The ShillaJeju,
Korea, May 30-June 3, 2011.
[10] S. G. Tesfahunegn, O. Ulleberg, et al., “A simplified
battery charge controller for safety and increased utilization in
standalone PV applications,” IEEE, 2011.
[11] Yuncong Jiang, Ahmed Hassan, EmadAbdelkarem and
Mohamed Orabi, “Load Current Based Analog MPPT
Controller for PV Solar Systems,” IEEE, 2012.
ISSN: 2231-5381
http://www.ijettjournal.org
Page 382