International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 23 Number 9- May 2015
Analysis to Convert Traditional Building to Green
Building
Utkarsh Jain#1, M. Islamuddin Faraz#2, Shailendra Singh#3, Ketan Jain #4
#1
HOD, Civil Engineering Department, IIST, Rau, RGPV, India.
Asst. Prof., Civil Engineering Department, IIST, Rau, RGPV, India.
#3
Asst. Prof. , Civil Engineering Department, IIST, Rau, RGPV, India.
#4
Asst. Prof., Civil Engineering Department, SDPS, Indore, RGPV, India.
#2
Abstract— The term “Green Building” is not just applicable to
products, but also to the construction strategies, building design,
orientation, landscaping, building operations, maintenance etc.
Lesser the impact of a building on human health and
environment, the more green it is.
In the present study, the existing construction of our institute has
been studied in terms of efficient use of resources and energy.
The overall consumption of electricity and water has been
determined and the energy and water that will be saved after the
additional inputs (like ground water harvesting system, grass
pavers, vermicomposite plant, aluminium based paints and
additional cross ventilators) to improve the efficiency of the
building have been also computed. The construction and
installation charges have also been computed. The study
concentrates on the advantageous outcomes once the building i
converted to “green building”.
The green building concept is gradually gaining
momentum in India. A green building typically
applies practices like harvesting energy and water
and using environmentally friendly materials in its
design, construction, operation and maintenance
and sustains the environment. Development of
green buildings has many monetary benefits such as
low energy, waste disposal, water cost, and low
environmental and emission costs (Kats, 2003).
The advantages and benefits of the green
buildings are spread out over the life span of the
building and should be looked at in the long run and
not on the initial cost.
Keywords— green building, non-powered ventilators, aluminium
based paint, segregation, vermi composite plant.
II. OBJECTIVES
I. INTRODUCTION
A green building may be understood as an
outcome of the design philosophy focusing on
increasing the efficiency of the resources used - i.e.:
energy, water and material – along with reduced
hazards on environment and human health during
the entire building life. This can be achieved
through better design, construction, operation,
maintenance etc.
The green building should be designed and
operated in such a manner that it reduces the impact
on human health and environment by:
1. Use of energy, water and other resources
in an efficient manner,
2. Minimizing
occupants,
health
hazards
of
3. Minimizing
pollution,
waste
environmental degradation.
ISSN: 2231-5381
the
and
As per the study conducted on the A BLOCK of
IIST, Indore campus many of the parameters were
found existing in the building. But it was found that
certain aspects were not fulfilled like: rain water
harvesting, efficient solid waste maintenance and
prudent use of natural energy.
Hence following objectives are drawn:
1. To determine the annual water
consumption of A - Block.
2. To determine the annual average water
harvested by the rain water harvesting
system.
3. To determine the additional suitable cross
ventilations in A - Block.
4. To suggest a suitable method for solid
waste decomposition.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 23 Number 9- May 2015
III. METHODOLOGY
The following methodology has been adopted in
the present study:
1. The overall annual water consumptions of
A – Block has been obtained.
2. The catchment area of the building has
been measured.
3. The amount of water that can be
recharged/ regained with the help of rain
water harvesting has been calculated.
4. The overall cost for installation of
rainwater harvesting system has been
computed
5. The requirements/feasibility of additional
ventilation is determined.
6. The overall construction (installation) cost
of additional ventilations is calculated.
7. The amount of energy saved has been
reported (approx.)
8. The amount of money saved per annum
has been determined.
4. Day Light without glaze

5. Wind direction and orientation of
building Opening and courtyard

6. Set back in North side

7. Openings in North

8. Building blocks have space for free
wind movement

9. Buffer spaces like toilets service areas.
Staircase along east/West Face

10. Spaces for Natural light in North

11. Energy and Indoor comforts layout
design as per solar geometry orientation
sun breakers
12. Eco. Friendly transportation on site

Mass Transport
13. Energy efficient external lighting

14. Min. local amenities required

15. Reduction of outdoor light pollution

16. Roof treatment to reduce heat gain

17. Energy efficient lightly in building

18. Use BEE labelled appliances in all new
Buildings

19. Solar Water heating system in all
buildings

20. Perform energy audit for existing
Buildings

IV. PROVISIONS
A. Features of the building: The general
features of the existing building are
tabulated below:
TABLE I
GENERAL FEATURES OF THE BUILDING
PROJECT
NAME
1. Longer sides facing North/ South
2. Shading of South and West
3. Streets and courtyard along east/West
Axis
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IPS
ACADEMY

21. Provide thermal comfort for air
conditioned & naturally ventilated spaces.
Natural Fan
22. Maintain outdoor indoor noise.

23. Fresh air requirement and min. air
changes required/hour in building.



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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 23 Number 9- May 2015
emitting the heat. So by the provision of
B. Provision for ground water recharging
system: In the present scenario, the total
aluminium based paint on the southern
consumption of water in A- Block is and
facing wall this effect can be reduced.
the fulfilment of this quantity is done by
tube wells which are leading to the
E. Provision for grass pavers: Grass pavers
depletion of ground water level. Hence
are the paving tiles which have large
there is an urgent need for provision of
number of rhombus shaped openings so
ground water harvesting system.
that water can percolate through ground
and thereby help in raising the ground
water table. Grass pavers also help in
reducing the heat island effect, as if any
other material is used for paving such as
concrete road or bitumen road, it absorbs
heat in the day time and in the night time
when the surrounding landscape gets
cooled, the paver material acts as a heating
island.
At present the area in front of the A –
block is paved with the traditional paver
tiles. This area can be paved with the grass
pavers, and the traditional paver tiles can
be reused at the backside of the building
which is unpaved.
Fig. 1 Rain Water Harvesting
C. Provision for cross ventilation: Natural
ventilation is the movement of outdoor air
into a space without mechanical assistance.
This can be controlled by additionally
providing doors, windows and non
powered ventilators.
In A – Block the back side of the building
is facing North direction and windows are
provided. But still there is a lot of space
which can be converted to non-powered
ventilators.
D. Provision for aluminium based paint:
Aluminium based paint has the capacity to
reflect the sunrays falling on it which
ultimately reduces the heat intake in the
building and thereby creates a better
atmosphere to live in.
For the major period of the day the south
facing wall is directly exposed to the
sunlight and it absorbs heat during the
whole day and then the wall keeps
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Fig. 2 Grass Pavers
F. Provision for Vermicomposite Plant: As
there is a mess present in IIST and a large
amount of kitchen waste is generated
every day. Proper and efficient kitchen
waste management necessitates the
incorporation of following points:
1.) Reduction
2.) Segregation
3.) Disposal
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 23 Number 9- May 2015
REDUCTION: - The first step for
Average rainfall in Indore = 1062mm
efficient kitchen waste management is to
=1m
reduce the same at the time of generation
of waste. For this purpose, posters should
Area of open terrace from where water is
be designed for encouraging the students
to be collected = 1500 sq m
regarding the importance of food and not
to waste it.
Total runoff = 1500 X 0.8 X1
= 1200 cu m
SEGREGATION: - The next step is the
proper segregation of kitchen waste as
Percentage
of
water
saved
=
bio-degradable and non-biodegradable,
(1200X100)/5400 = 22.22%
and the responsibility of segregation of
wastes stands on the shoulders of
B. Cost of rainwater harvesting system:
maidservant.
The total cost of the rainwater harvesting
Maidservant washes the utensils twice in a
system is tabulated below:
day. She is asked to follow the following
TABLE 2
COST OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
program for washing the utensils. Follow
up is also done to ensure that washing is
Particulars
Figures
done as per the program:
1.) Remove all large sized solids (e.g. big
Total length of pipe required 330 m
pieces of vegetable, empty milk packets
No. of joints
20 joints
etc.) by hand picking.
Cost
of
joints
Rs. 1400
2.) Wash all the utensils with plain water to
Total cost of pipe
Rs. 30,000
remove the adhered food materials. This is
Charge for 2 filters
Rs. 20000
concentrated wash.
Total
plumbing
charge
Rs. 10000
3.) Apply soap solution to utensils.
4.) Wash with water to remove soap.
Rs.
TOTAL
5.) Rinse with water.
60,000.00
6.) Washing powder is used only for frying
pan and hot pan.
C. Design of Vermi composite plant
DISPOSAL: - Now for the proper
disposal of the kitchen waste management,
Vermi composting plant suits the most in
the institute building as in return, high
value manure is also obtained.
Assuming total design load taking future
expansion into consideration = 700
kg/week or 100 kg/day
Design load of garbage = 100 kg/day
Taking loading @ 40 kg/m2
V. CALCULATIONS
A. Percentage of water conserved through
rain water harvesting:
Total water consumed = 20000 litre/day
= 20 cub m/day
Total working days = 270
Total water consumed by the building =
5400 cub m/year
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Thus area required = 100/40 = 2.5 m2
Providing L: B as 1:2
L/2 X L = 3
L2 = 6
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 23 Number 9- May 2015
L = 2.4 m
G. Total
Rs. 1,20,953.00
Cost of Earthworms
Rs. 24,000
Thus B = 1.2 m
TOTAL
Rs. 1,44,953.00
Thus bed dimension = 2.4 X 1.2 m
In order to take care of 30 days cycle we
will have 10 beds each of 2.4 X 1.2m
a.) The garbage will be deposited in
three layers 75 mm thick overlaid on a
layer of earthworms, Vermi casting
powder and cow dung soil of thickness
200 mm.
b.) Thus on every bed there will be three
layers of garbage covered by three layers
of soil.
c.)
m
This will make a total depth of 0.85
d.) Taking 6kg of earthworm to be
provided in each bed of 2.4 X 1.2 m
e.) The total earthworm required will be
= 6 x 10 = 60 kg roughly 6000
earthworms namely dioscorea villesa
Considering the prevailing rate for
institutional purpose @ Rs. 400 per kg, we
will have to spend for an amount of Rs.
24000
D. Cost of Vermi composite plant: the cost
required for vermin composite plant is
tabulated below:
TABLE 3
COST OF VERMI COMPOSITE PLANT
Particulars
Figures
Total cost of excavation
Total cost of construction
Total
Add miscellaneous and
contingencies @ 5%
Rs. 1608.00
Rs. 1,13,595.00
Rs. 1,15,203.00
Rs. 5,750.00
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E. Cost required for aluminium based
paint: The overall cost for aluminium
based paint is tabulated below:
TABLE 4
COST OF ALUMINIUM BASED PAINT
Particulars
Total area to be painted
Total quantity of paint
required
Total cost of paint
Total cost of labour for
painting
TOTAL
Figures
1300sq. m
35 litres
Rs. 4200
Rs. 7000
Rs. 11200.00
F. Cost of cross ventilation: The cost
analysis of non powered ventilators is
tabulated below:
TABLE 5
COST OF CROSS VENTILATION
Total volume of wall to be
dismantled
Cost of labour required for
dismantling wall
Total volume of wall to be
constructed
No. of bricks required
Cost of bricks
Volume of mortar required
Volume of cement
Total no. of cement bags
Cost of cement
Volume of sand
Cost of sand
Cost of labour
Area of plaster
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15 X 2.5
X .01
= 3.75 cu. m
Rs. 900
1.5 cu.m
750
Rs. 3000
0.35 cu.m
.05 cu. m
2
Rs. 50
0.3 cu.m
Rs. 300
Rs. 800
15 sq. m
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 23 Number 9- May 2015
H. Analysis of energy and cost saved after
Thickness of plaster
10 mm
completion of the changes suggested:
Volume of mortar
0.15 cu m
The analysis of energy saved per hour is
Mortar ratio
1:3
given below:
Volume of cement
0.35 cum
Total number of tube lights = 250
No .of cement bags
1
Power of each tube light = 40 Watt
Volume of sand
0.113 cum
Total power all tube lights = 250 X 40
Cost of sand
Rs. 100
=10,000 Watt
Total cu. Feet wood required 7.25 cu. Feet
for wooden frame
Total number of fans = 120
Cost of per cu. Feet wood
Rs. 2200.00
Power of each fans = 50 Watt
Total cost of wood (7.25 X
= Rs.
Total power all fans = 120 X 50
2200)
15950.00
= 6,000 Watt
Cost of labour @ Rs 350 per = Rs
mesh structure
1050.00
Other miscellaneous consumptions =
Size of mesh to be provided 5 X 3 = 15
15,000 Watt (tentative)
sq.ft
Total no.’s of mesh to be 10
Total energy consumption per hour =
provided
31000 Watt = 31 Kilo Watt
Total cost for cutting of gate Rs. 1050
Cost of mesh
Rs 20/ sq
Total energy consumption per year if we
feet
assume 270 working days and 8 working
Total cost of mesh
Rs 6000
hours each day = 31000 X 8 X 270
Total cost of curtain(45 X Rs 1350
= 6, 69, 60, 000 Watt
15) x 2
= 66,960 Kilo Watt
TOTAL
Rs. 33,100
G. Cost analysis of Grass Pavers: The cost
analysis of grass pavers is tabulated below:
Dimensions of grass pavers = 0.5mX1.0m
Dimension of area to be paved =
100mX3m
Total no of pavers required = 600
Cost of each paver = Rs. 55
Cost of 1 Kilo Watt electricity = Rs. 8
(approx.)
Total cost = Rs. 5, 35, 680
Approximate
cost
reduction
implementation of changes = 40%
Total energy saved = 0.4 X 66, 960
=26, 784 Kilo Watt
Total Cost saved = 0.4 X 5, 35, 680
= Rs. 2, 14, 272
Total cost of pavers = 55X600
= Rs. 45,000
Placing charges = Rs. 6000
Total cost = Rs. 51,000
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after
VI. CONCLUSIONS
The following conclusions are obtained from the
present study:
1. The total quantity of water harvested after
construction of water harvesting system is
found to be 1200 cub m/year which is
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 23 Number 9- May 2015
about 22.22% of the total annual water
consumption.
2. The overall construction cost of the water
harvesting system is found to be Rs.
60,000.
3.
For solid waste disposal vermin
composite plants of dimension 2.4 X 1.2m
and 10 numbers are suitable for 30 days
cycle.
4. The total construction of vermin
composite plants is found to be Rs.
1,44,953.
5. The total cost required for aluminium
based paint is found out to be Rs. 11,000.
6. The total cost of cross ventilation is found
to be Rs. 33,100.
7. The total cost of grass pavers is found to
be Rs. 51,000.
8. The tentative electrical energy saved per
annum after the suggested changes are
found to be 26, 784 Kilo Watt.
9. The amount saved per annum is found to
be Rs. 2, 14, 272.
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