International Conference on Global Trends in Engineering, Technology and Management (ICGTETM-2016)
Awareness of Motorcycle Users towards Vehicle Air
Pollution: A Study With Reference to Jalgaon City
Mukesh B.Ahirrao1, Vishal S.Rana2, Saroj B.Patil3
Asstt Prof (MBA Dept)1
Associate Prof & Head (MBA Dept)2
Asstt Prof (MBA Dept)3
S.S.B.T’s College of Engineering & Technology, Post Box.No.94, Bambhori, Jalgaon (M.S) (India)
Abstract: Air pollution is most imperative issue in the
21st century among all others. There is no need to
reiterate its importance. The present research paper
covers the study of air pollutants and its effects on
human health and property. Further it focuses
comparative study of emission standard between India
and Europe and role of government to control air
pollution.
This study is based on primary as well as secondary
data. Secondary data is used to conceptualize the
study and primary data is collected to analyze the
behaviour of motorcycles users in Jalgaon city
towards cause of air pollution. The present study
reveals that awareness and attitude of motorcycle
users in Jalgaon city towards air pollution is positive
but at the same time it lacking in taking steps or
actions from vehicle riders to minimize the pollution.
The study covers various policy measures to control
the same with emphasis on common directed efforts of
human society.
Keywords: Air pollutions, Environmental issue,
Causes of air pollutions, emission standards etc.
I. INTRODUCTION:
Air pollution may be described as contamination of
the atmosphere by gaseous, liquid, or solid wastes or
by-products that can endanger human health and
welfare of plants and animals, attack materials, reduce
visibility or produce undesirable odors. It
contaminates biodiversity and capacity of earth to
reproduce. It is also harmful to the health of all living
creature on earth. The major sources of air pollutions
are transportation sources, stationary sources,
industrial processes, solid waste disposal, forest fires,
and coal mining many more. The major pollutants
released by all these sources contain carbon monoxide
(CO), lead (Pb), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3),
particulate
matter,
sulphur
dioxide
(SO2)
(Introduction to Air Pollution).
Air pollution has multiple corners. It is not only a
scientific process but also has some behavioural as
well as social corner. Air is polluted through the
industrial and mechanical process of human societies.
Human behaviour as well is a most important
contributor in air pollution. Though pollutants are
released by industrial and mechanical process, its
ISSN: 2231-5381
proportion can be controlled through human care.
Proper maintenance of machines and plants can be
subjected to control the emission of many pollutants in
the atmosphere.
Among the many sources transportation is the
major contributor of air pollutions. In 2013,
transportation contributed more than half of the carbon
monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and almost a quarter of
the hydrocarbons emitted into our air (Union of
concerned Scientists, 2014). Till date we as human
being have enhanced our understanding about all
corners of air pollution. We have developed
technological solutions to control the air pollutions.
We have also established proper administrative arms
and social norms to control the emission of pollutants.
Literature review regarding air pollution denotes that
all the strategic aspects of controlling air pollution are
doing their job satisfactorily. But there are many
drawbacks in human society as awareness, attitude
and behaviour of ordinary people whether educated or
uneducated are not positive to control the air
pollutions.
II. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
To study awareness and attitude of motorcycle users
towards air pollution caused by motor cycles in
Jalgaon city
III. HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
H0: Motorcycle users in Jalgaon city are not aware
of motorcycle condition causing more air pollution.
IV. NEED OF RESEARCH
According to Road Transport Year Book (2011-12),
the proportion of motorcycle in developing country is
four times the proportion in developed country. As
well as proportion of motorcycles against total
proportion of vehicles registered in India is 72%
(MINISTRY
OF
ROAD
TRANSPORT
&
HIGHWAYS, 2012). That is significant in nature.
Such huge proportion of motorcycles in developing
country indicates the proportionate contribution of
motorcycles in air pollution directly and indirectly.
These figures indicate the seriousness of air pollution
in developing countries. To control such air pollution
is the biggest challenge before human society
particularly in developing country as reducing carbon
emission by developing country means reducing the
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International Conference on Global Trends in Engineering, Technology and Management (ICGTETM-2016)
living standards and may lead to all other social unrest
in developing country.
V. PUBLIC EDUCATION:
Education facility in relation to environment
science is offered almost in all countries. But there is
no provision of education to the people those seeking
driving license from govt. In many developing
countries including India, Pakistan, Nepal and
Srilanka, driving license in any vehicle category is
offered without any inspection of the awareness of
applicants towards air pollution. Driving schools as
well does not provide any type of education and
training to control the air pollutions through vehicles
maintenance. Also there are no laws enacted to control
and administer the quality of driving schools
throughout the India.
VI. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Preference of Petrol Pump
46
VII.
DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION:
TABLE I: FREQUENCY OF VEHICLE SERVICING
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
Vehicle
Frequency Frequency %
Servicing
4 Months
51
56.67
6 Months
29
32.22
1 Year
7
7.78
Breakdown
3
3.33
Total
90
100.00
(SOURCE: FIELD SURVEY, 2015)
From the above table it can be seen that, motorcycle
users in Jalgaon city is cautious towards the
conditioning of their vehicles. It is a positive
behaviour from pollution point of view.
is
Petrol
Figure I: Preference of Petrol Pump
Figure I denotes that, 51.02 % motorcycle user
prefer to refill fuel from any nearest petrol pump
without considering the quality grade of the fuel. As
substandard grade of fuel is also a reason behind
emission of carbon from the exhaust of motorcycles.
Awareness of air Pollutants
60
40
48
22
11
9
20
0
0
HC
CO2 None
0
CO
Nox
All
FIGURE II: AWARENESS OF AIR POLLUTANTS
Figure II is denoting that awareness of pollutants
causing air pollution among motorcycle users in
Jalgaon city is quite good. 24.49 % motorcycle users
know Carbon monoxide (CO) as air pollutant, 10.20 %
know Nitrogen oxides (NOx) as pollutant, Carbon
dioxides (CO2) is identified as pollutant by 12.24 %
users and 53.06 percent motorcycles users know that
all these are air pollutants. This reflects that vehicle
users are quite cautious about the air pollutants that
are basically emitted by their vehicles.
Table II: Awareness of Vehicle Users about
Conditions of Vehicle Causing Air Pollution
(SOURCE: PRIMARY DATA)
Table II denotes the awareness of vehicle use
condition that cause more carbon emission among
motorcycle users. 12.24 % users know that faulty air
1
2
Awareness of Vehicle
Frequency % Frequency
Conditions
Faulty air filter
11
12.24
Wrong grade of fuel
15
16.67
3
Faulty block or cylinder
18
20.41
4
None
4
4.08
5
All
42
46.67
90
100.07
Sr. No.
Total
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Petrol
Any Nearest
Pump
Type of Research: The present study is a field survey
based on facts and figures. It is descriptive in nature
having composition of both primary and secondary
data. Secondary data is used to conceptualize the
objective, nature and scope of the survey. And
primary data is used to collect actual facts regarding
proposed problems in objectives.
Types of Data:
Primary data: primary data were collected through
structured questionnaire methods. Primary data
includes actual facts about awareness respondents
towards air pollution through motor vehicle.
Secondary data: Secondary data were collected
through various sources such as official‘s reports,
working papers, official manuals, research papers &
websites etc. Most of the secondary data is collected
through internet.
Sample Size: Feedback is collected from 90
respondents.
Standard
Available
44
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International Conference on Global Trends in Engineering, Technology and Management (ICGTETM-2016)
filter causes more emission of pollutants, 16.67 %
identified wrong grade of fuel and 20.41% identified
faulty block and cylinder whereas 46.67% vehicle
users know that all these conditions of vehicle use
increase the emission of pollutants.
Attitude: Air Pollution is not my problem.
30
28
24
20
20
7
10
11
0
Strongly Disagree
disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly
agree
proper care of their vehicles. 75 % - 80 % motor cycle
users serviced their vehicles on time. That is a positive
behaviour from air pollution control point of view.
3.
53.06 % vehicle users are fully aware about
the various pollutants that are generally emitted by
motorcycles. But still remaining portions can be
considered significant as 47 % respondents lack the
awareness of air pollutants.
4.
Similar is the case of awareness of usage
conditions of vehicles. 54 % respondents have partial
knowledge about ideal usage conditions.
5.
Statistics about the attitude is reflecting same
conditions. Attitude of near about 50 % respondents
are positive as they consider air pollution is problem
for them.
X. SUGGESTIONS:
Figure III: Attitude: Air Pollution is not my
problem.
The above bar chart denotes attitude of motorcycle
users towards the cause of air pollution. 57.14 %
accept that air pollution is a problem associated with
every individual whereas 20.41 % do not consider air
pollution as his problem.
VIII. HYPOTHESIS TESTING
H0 = 50 % motorcycle users are not aware of
motorcycle condition causing more air pollution.
H0: P = 0.50 & Ha: P ≠ 0.50
Expected Probability of success (p0)= 0.50
Expected Probability of failure (q)
= 0.50
Sample Size (n)
= 90
Observed frequency of success = 86
Observed frequency of failure = 04
Level of significance
=5%
P^ = Proportion of success. (P^)
= 86/90
= 0.955555556
The H0 is two sided
Z Test Statistics (Z)
Controlling air pollution is the responsibility of
entire society. And all stake holder of society are
required to act in integrated manner with due sincerity.
1.
2.
3.
4.
= (P^-P0)/√P0 (1-P0)/n……… (Single sample Z Test)
= 0. 955555556 – 0.50 / √0.50 (1 – 0.50) / 90
= 8.644
The P Value is <0.0001 and the result is significant
at P < 0.05.
In this case the P value is less than significance
value, hence we reject the null hypothesis and
accordingly, we conclude that 50 % of motorcycle
users are aware of motorcycle usage condition that
causes more air pollution.
IX. FINDINGS:
1.
Similarly no formal policies and regulation
exist to administer the grading of driving schools and
quality of their education and training. Further no
standard curriculum of driving schools exist neither it
cover any portions to create awareness among learners.
2.
The maintenance habits of motorcycle users
in Jalgaon city are moderately good and they take
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5.
Ever growing intensity of air pollution can be
controlled through the integrated efforts of all
stake holders of the society. Human behaviour in
this system must be tightened to minimize the
negligence as well as air pollution.
Public education and training can be subjected to
control the pollution. At the time of granting
driving license, it should be compulsory to obtain
formal education and training from a recognized
institute on environmental aspect.
Also at the time of purchasing vehicles it should
be mandatory to have such certification. As use of
vehicle is a sensitive part for society and it must
resort in responsible hand.
Government needs to enact the laws so as to
monitor and regulate the quality of driving
schools as there are no such formal laws
regulating the quality of driving schools. Granting
of license to driving school should cover stringent
requirement of sufficient technical faculties,
course curriculum with theory and practice,
maintenance tips on ideal conditions of vehicle
usage and service. Such period of curriculum
must be at least 2 month so that human behaviour
can be moulded to safeguard the environment.
PUC centres must also provide ideal usage
conditions of vehicle to control the air pollutions
through the PUC certificate.
XI. CONCLUSION:
The issue of air pollution is a result of interactive
behaviour of human society and it is common to all.
There is no need to reiterate the importance of it. Over
the last few decades the approach of human being in
controlling the air pollution is satisfactory. But it is
time to take next step ahead i.e. we must unite to
tackle this issue commonly.
From the above analysis it is concluded that
awareness and attitude of motorcycle users in Jalgaon
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International Conference on Global Trends in Engineering, Technology and Management (ICGTETM-2016)
city towards air pollution is quite positive. People
need to convert their positive attitude in positive
action so as to safeguard the environment. It is not
impossible to solve this issue but certainly it will
require another revolution from the side of human
being. We must unite and commonly act towards this
goal.
2.
3.
4.
Introduction To Air Pollution. (N.D.). Retrieved September 11,
2015, From Eng.Utoledo.Edu: Http://Www.Eng.Utoledo.Edu/
License. (N.D.). Retrieved November 24, 2015, From Motor
Vehicle Department, Maharashtra: Http://Mahatranscom.In/
Ministry Of Road Transport & Highways. (2012). Road
Transport Year Book. New Delhi.
Pollution Control. (N.D.). Retrieved November 24, 2015,
From
Motor
Vehicle
Department,
Maharashtra:
Http://Mahatranscom.In/
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6.
7.
8.
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September
14,
2015,
From
Mde.Maryland.Gov/:
Http://Www.Mde.Maryland.Gov/
Transportpolicy.Net. (2015, January 16). Eu: Motorcycles:
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Http://Transportpolicy.Net/.
Union Of Concerned Scientists. (2014, December 5). Cars,
Trucks, And Air Pollution. Retrieved Semptember 11, 2015,
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Cars,
Trucks,
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