FrRST T'RIAL,
len 1- ,Q8;2.
LVJD F\l"l::"D
AND
( 10'" '2..
UAV£S) .
BRIEF.$.
1
LE~I/L.
11E.""o~NDu.'1
PLAINTIFFS' !kIll/...
BR/~r / 1?7!
(~& LEAVes.)
D
TtE
FOR
urn:m
~
SDoT!3 DIS11lICT COUItI'
ItClImD.."l'
DIS11lICT
at TUU
UJEeOCI DI'VlSIlIC
TAma at ... VTMOII:IfIl3..... •••• •••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••
~TDaT at TtE
CIVIL ACTION ItO. C1L-.5-76-J4
5lIttUtf
or
i ..
t::i"SI..............
1
AJlC.IImlT•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
J
ARGtIClft
t.
AU!Ol.T PERU
llUTexa.Ayenue
Lubbock. Texu79401
TtlK\S GAIUo\
C. KUL
U02Texa....y_e
Lubbock. TlSu 19401
TtE I'RESIIn' SYS1Dl
at A.t..u.JCI DJ::CI'rCM'S FOR KDaIDS CF TtE
UlIIIOCI CIn COUI'CIL VIOlAms mE 14'" AJlD 15'" ~ TO THl
lAn""""
IWtCI nREM.UCM ARnlIR
HetroTower. S\lit. 15(,6
UNI1Z1l ITUa CONSftnJftOS Dr lnfCCICSftfUTI(fIfAlLY DIwtnIG THE VOTZS
1DJ II'OIMy
Lubbock. Teu. 1940l
ell' BlACKS AJilD HlXICAH-A.HERICAHS................ •••••••••••••••••••••
l()()6Th!rteftltbStreet:
Lubbock, TUA.19401
)fl.
..
...
..
fb. SUa4ard .,. Whidl To JlAdI. The ConrtitlitionaUty
1lOIIZT'. anllDW
Schoal of ~w
faa. f,dr1 l1ol.h,mty
Lubbock. faa. '1t4Ot
412 D.I. 755 (l9U). A. bpUa.totd 111 ~
!:!..sI.IUIIa.
I»JCI'IL K. BDfSCII
P. O. IIa 40.]0
415 r.2d ut1 (Sd, Cir. 1"3). Uf'4 011
kMrC"-U . . . . laG Ctrrp11 hd" sdlpgl
Lubboct. Teu-. 79«)9
Ie",,! J1IvIba)l
.24 005. U6 (11"76). aM iu
,.......,.
1.
Nt,
.
"Et[
11
lack of .eeellll to tbe
polJdcal . . . -.. (aed ..pedally the tdnory of
_d1 laelr of
J.
-(
()
_CCt..), a. wen '11
latk of offieltl
,..•..-.t~ t. _.rity ...w......................
~r! Itc:Ittd,• •.t. forth _riOUII f.cton. both
.s
T!BU:
'''Ie:
0' OO!rnns
o( bchlaton: to the particuurhed laterelt. of
Prelat 5,.__ I, .COIlltit"tional........ •••••••••••••••
m.norlthl, onl,. • t.tn1MlU.I lUte polley underlyt.
C.
the proe(erenu (or _1d..-her diatrlCl.inlh the
DiIt.in&uJ.ahable On The F.ct..... •••••• •••• •••••••••••• •••
preclusl_ of effecti. . participation _ the J*ft
n.
of m.norides 1. the ebct::lon ,",CUI becaule of
the uiltenc:e of put 41lcri.lnlt:loll, mst.."
of
sill&1c shat "otine prorlliona. and ablence o( a
~
qui..-t that candidatel lor at-urea politioftl
nan. Ir- particular ceocrapldeal _b-dl.tr1.ctl..........
J.
requ1~
TIC Ir.fa;IfSTUWfOMLltt
('If , .
%J
24
('If
smYI12.... ••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••• •••• •••
6
f
4ilcrl-.1_to,.,. parpo.e ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
pe~a1:"
an'
_ p l q act. of .isClt.....t.i_ fa tJte ,._ _
Itit.tltinl dllvti.. of the .lunUe.- ript to
"fate. the defedaat.. t _ • .,. tIM _rd.. of 'bclrilll,
.., . .Nt.Mtial
ftl'.Qe,
t.hat t.he IIlllOl'iti.. Jlll'U*lt.1J
.... ...,.al Icee.. to tM political
B.
The Appliution Of
!!!!!!!. W
~
~ ••••••••••••••
To "- F,ct. Of
fb. In'tant Cue C_pels The Cmdui_ Tbat ftIe
11
'"
C2JtT'1FICAtz
It. is "ot; "eu...,.,. t.o pl"G'f"e that. tb• .,.st_ of
Once I plaillt.Uf hal ut.abli.hed
19
RDtEDr
OO!tCWSICW........................................................
1t.-hl'Je election. _. oripndl.,. enacted with
S.
DISTRICtS TO
P'DEIn' IUCTICIf STSTDt
of lfI..IbJ.DI1.ga
x...J!l.IiI., 426 U.s. 221 (ItT6).......... •••••••• •••••••••
4.
SIJCtz....HDtIa
l!.!!!!tt
Proof 01 the Ineton: enunclated in
..thflea the intent
A COOlT..()RlD:Dt PIAlf (F
IS nIZ AI'PftOPRIATI: RIUJF liHIQI' SHOtlLD lIE CRUnED
la"e d.htricu, requJ.,....t. of _jorit,. "fate, ant.i-
'ale:
IS
C. .el Pindine An Ablence Of Di1uti on Are Clearl,.
()
ill
-,
TABtE
or
1M TIm: WITED SlUES DISTRICT COURT
MmtoJU'TU3
FOR 1HI ~R'nl!M DISTRICT" TEIU
CASES,
Bpldrn" Cin af .lobllr Ahbw,
~:~~.~ ~.~~~ ~~ ~r:~ C~·2~U~;8)
CUeD" Kd~r 00 U.S. 1 (1975)
1tEY. ROT JOMIS, ET.u..
~2 U.S. 690 (1971)
C9nMr" Johnson
Coool!r" WIl1hN
Yo
THE
40. 0.5. $.49 (1972)
Pa!id" eurhon
CITIt AC1tOlf ItO. C1-S-7~J4
C1'n or
WIIIIOCX, ET At.
553 F.)d. 9Z3 (Sth Cir. 1977)
Ent Carrell Parilh School BOlrd" "'rabel
.304
Hf'ndrb"
Jouph, SS9 F.2d 126S (Sth Cir. 1977)
Kirk,""
ao.1st~ ~~~T,;n'c~~it:t~!Nn~
U.s.
Tmt
636 (1976)
!!Ill or
rwmm AU mnmrz-p!nJMJUI
Thil trial brief :II Pt.i.tte4 Jointl,. b)' the Plaintiffs and the PlaintUf_
u'?s!'U:ifmr. r.Joi
Ilt
K!M.n" KW1 • •10 U.S. i l l (1973)
tbi' ca'e.
"sCill" Gadldm CSt!Ilty eg.s,IIion
S15 '.24 %77 (s.:b Cir. 1976)
Smmpr
l!nest"
&id", S71 '.)d. 3)g (5th Cir. 1978)
Turner"
Mc!sitbm, .90 p.2d 191 (Stb Cir. 1973)
O,dt" Stat!!" Board
Vall,sl!!
IDN"
lIuh1n«tRD!
$veM.otl ot rOrTut
ese.m c1e~j;~"'fn
r.N.
naintift. and PhiltSitf-lnt......r 'eek to ~ the prelellt uDCCIII,titu-
US r.2d. 619 (Stb Cir. 1975)
Dui!
Wblt~! Chuh
Vh1t~!
of
t.i_l UIe of _lti_ _ber districts for the election ot -abrl"l of the Cit,.
.26 U.S. 229 (1976)
<tOJ
U.s.
__U".
e-d.l of Lubbod;. Tau,
12. (1m)
by MYi", t._
_"nur .12 U.S. 755 (l97J)
U.~
%Jes:r" tkltt thm .-s
bT
u:riltt: that
.,.,tt. dlK:1,~
UDooft,tit\ltion.l.
e-t ~ • _t.itut.i_llT IUffidalt. p1.aJI for thl! election
of Cit,. Council .-be... ift Lubbock, Te:xa., .nd by bannl the CO'Vt alter.
"U,on! ''')me, 40J r. Supp. 58 (10) TG. 1975)
!the!
or m: CUE
fti, 11 , adt. tor _clant • ..,. an4 iDJ_etlYe relid in which the
98 ••Ct. 2A9J
poe........t. iIIJ_eti. rutrdlliac t.he Dd
t~ -...cthc ..,. r.rshlr -.J.d.pl1 elec:d
(~)
r.3d l29'1 (s.:.. Cir. UU)
II
t i . . t elect!.. ,~.
u
'nel t.hd.r 'uscesson i" otfice,
'lnliel' ~he pre.en~ unc:onati~u-
n..iatLtt..... -.bers of ~be blask c-mty tnd
ttle HaI.~rt_ or IpMith "'m~ _ i t , . , altd n..J.DtU'f-Interv~or
-1-
11 a m~ber of tile b1ll.c:k c-..!dt)'.
'laifTtifh
~d
naintiff-Interwenor
and Juan A.ntonio R.,....
line brouaM thh Iction on behf,lt of tl1eluelvea and IU otherl IhdllrIy
dtuted••• a ela.. action "",der Rule 13 of the Federal Ib:IIel of Civil
c:edure.
.,. opentiOl\ of Itu.le 2.5(d) (1). redenl Jules 01
Civil Procedure. the luc:eeslora In office 01 an,. of the orial"al Defendant
'ro-
Plaintiffl Illd naJ.lltiff-Interwe!lor llaO leell: to hne III c:osta ill
this Utiptian Idjucl&ed: a,l1nrt Defendanta. inclvdiAI reasonable Inom.,.a
Cit, CowIc:ll _ben who "0 l~r hold Iud! offic_. ha"e been /lilt_dully
..batltuted: 'a pe.rty Detendalt., dace Sllth ,.,bllc: office,.. In pe.rtiea to
thl• •et-10ll 111 their ofl1dal eapadty.
feea.
1'h1l ease val filed: 01'1 April I, 1976, b)' the oripnu naintifl. A.
Gft\e ~illel, a,ainlt the Cit,. of Lubbock. fex.. , ~4 tbe Ma,.or and City e - d i
.,. a svbsequ.mt _ W co-plaitrt,
a_ben of tbe Cit,. of Lubbock. Texaa.
InterweltOr.
~
tied.
II
Cf" 4T_LUlCI ElEmtCltS FOil JmCIII!Jl$ Cf" T1t: WB80Cl CIfT
II U*XJ!t!,l'I1\JftCKUl.J DI1.UnJlJ , . ¥OTIS "
a naintiff-
The relief aoupt b)' 'laintiffl Ind. Plaine:iff_Interwtftor h
Defen4aMs ban filed: their
nm l'IIUDT srSlDl
CCUlI'ClL VIOlATIS " . 14'n'1 AXIl 151M oUD'II«JmS TO 'nIZ 1OO:1D sn.T!S lXl!C51tnfTlOlf
Consa10 C/ll'U and JIlaft Antonio Reyn wn: inel\tded: .1 'Wntiffs, 1M aoH
Wilson liled an oripnal an4 two lubaequent __nded: c:o-plaintl
I.
iden-
aIl~ra•
A.
Syst:_ II
'euftd. Ia ""iu! !se'Gn 411 U.S. 755 (1973), AI bpli-
eat" I" I i. . . . J
.,. order of J ...... I, 1911, tM C<lu" detelWlrted. . . the baah of atipula-
BlACIS IJfD talCU-AJ£RICM'S.
Th_ Itandanl By W!ddt To Judi_ The ConrtltlitlonaUty Of The Pre""t
0.. Otber
"slrtUn, 485'.2c1 1297 (Sc:1a Cir. 1973). "'ftd
o.-u JU. asa. Jeu
Cierrp11 bd,b.r!appl
!sa" v
tionl filed b)' the ..rthl, that tll1l cale 11 to b. tried al lela.. Icti"
tIIDIIIJJ., 4204 U.S. 636 (1976). and ita
under the pl"O'ri.llons of Itu.l. 13(b) (2), rederal ltu.lel of Civil 'rocedure. and
1. N t ! ! " " u r ..,had.el lade 01 .c:c:e.. to the poUtic:al
declared that the pn-IIT d ...es condit of the bUick popllatiOll of the Cit,.
...-ceu (__1pad.1l1T t_
of Lu.bboc:k, Te~... and the Nuic:an...... ric:an or Spaa1al1
..u ...
the City of Labboc:k. Texas.
ONU
The
tN.t tOl_her t .... two
Su.,..,..
popalatiOIl fJIl
e-rt abo • .,.Md, b ita J _ I, lm,
,RQ'"
constitute a
1.ar&er.
a~
elan
.1
to which Ipecific orden wen lIot de.ed .cel"", at tbat ts.., but '*lcb
• _
be entered. later i t ".c:n....,. _der til.
All.. of CI:"il
,...nsi••
01 1bIl. »(.), re4anl
rr.c:.....
.,. order 01 Aupat 10. 1971, the
ao,.
hiato". of _cia lack of aue..), .s
hclt of official raapenal._•• to IIlnority n.ftda.
Peer! ¥sis...... tart."
...-.aac.
~
f.cu,...
ftr10u
_tb prt_". aBd
tba .....JlGftd...... 01 lqhlaton to tile
)lU'tlaa1art'" illt.....c of II1norltln. only I tel..
OU.
,.uCJ' ....1I'ia& tile ""'.~e lor .altl......r
dlstric:t1q;,
stlt•
U. JIINC1u1M ., affsc:tin ,."lel,.ti. _ the pe.rt ollliaoriti"
e-t
aU~ t .... orl&ifl&l.
ftailltiff. A.
Gele CallKl, to wltll4nw II a n-.4 naiatilf. . . . al10wd tba lubatitutlOlli
01 a .....
2.
JII"OIftl'J.
JOMI .. I npre_tltin 'la1fttUI1d.th n.lfttilla Consalo G.na
->-
fa U. eleeti. . . . . . . . . . . . . 01
_ti_..
t_
al__ ea" 1.ar&- tirtric:U.
...... utt-e1Jt&l. shot
._11'\1
->-
axlat.c:c of past dil<:riai-
~..-t
,renal•••
of _jorlty
and .b,enet 01 a n-
)
)
-424 U.S. 636 (1916), .nd. 1t1 proc;tn,..
qu1~t
that CMclt.date. for at-laE'l. poaltionl
r'Ilft
frca ,.rt11.
3.
Proof of the facton tnwndAted 1. Il.u: ..thft. . tbe i"Unt
4.
It h
~ ~ t of VuNnUm!
D.,h
426
u.s. m
le"I!;"
.,..n-..
t. YbiS'! kUG,r 4U U.I. 755 (1973). the Urlited Statea Supr-e Court
affh-ed. that part of the Diltrict Couft'a ~ that itmllldateoi the nate
lq1.lati......l t i - - ' r district. 111 DI1.1u Mid Iaar GMlth' Iftd ordered
Once a plai.tUf • • eatablbbed penoaat..e .... _pbc acta fJII
ttw. redraw i.to ab&l_ber distrie:t.a; the CORrt _cl1tdtd tNlt the -uti-
cliacrUd.natiOft b tboa palt OOIlatitutifti t i l . i . of tile _ritha'
.-ber dhtrict',
richt to ...ote. tile Wet4aat. t _ ..... tile buordea of
'"
..-u
nllatential .-rld_ce. that th. m.ort.tia JIft.-tl1
a.
cled",ed aa4 ope....ted, iaridiOllll,. u:chtcled .a.ltOrith.
frca dfecth. put1clptdon 1ft political life, e.ped.ally 1a the election of
"pn..,tath.. to tIM: TGI. Rou. fd lepre_tath...
acce.. to the political proce...
8.
The lppUcatiOl'l Of
wu. And u-E, To " . r.cta Of on. batMt C. . .
Ccapeb Tt\e ConcludOft That 1'be 'relent SyIt_ tl Unconltit1lti~.
C.
lad!: of acc:e.. to tbe political
(Mid especiall,. the Id• .". of Rdl lad!: of .«els), .,
",,11 a, lad!: of official ",,,.I1".e.. to . ._rity Ileeda.
(1916).
not necesNJ"7 to pnt'le tbat the .,..t_ of llt-lar&. eleCdOflS
....s orid-nally en.atted vith cliacrW_t01'1 p1rpose.
5.
1ftdS' J
,roce••
war ceoc....ptd.cal .b--4htricu.
Cuu rlndil\& An Abunu Of Dt.ludOft Are CleArl,. Dt.ltiaphu"l. 0.
The "sctl.
tllat -.Iti....-bar di.Uieta are aClt per
Ie
.\lthcuch CDnced.lq
UIlCClft.tltvtioul, the eoun: e -
c1.ltdM that the di.trict 00Urt va. correct. 1a f1nd.il\& the .alri....-ber d.htriet.
fa . .n ...... Iaar - . t h....ODnltituti_l, aftd 1ft 10 050111& .aid:
"'WIth dII. ftC&!'d for t ..... it_daNe, the Dbtdet Coot flnt
Nt...... te tlte hbtN7 of official ncial ti.cn-..tiMl a Taa"
of W...-, to ncletar .........
... te tafticl,at. la ~ "-cfttlc
34J r. Sapp. at 125.
It ref..,... a1.Io to t " T_a NI. nqalrlq; t'" -Joritr Qt. a• •
pranqaldu te .......ti. . b a ,.n.u,. dect:1oft lad. to u. _
c:alled 'placet nab lbdtlltl cutcIi_cy for lq1alatbe office f~
a _tl~ diltrtu te a IpICified. 'place' Oft the ticket, witb
....dt at t l - . t . . . . tlte J'tPI:
JIIft'C'I.....
:~t~~~~c:: ~ =-C:=~:'=~b;o~laC:p0.-
I.
TIl!
m:sarr
S1'STDt f1I AT-UJIZ DEC"I'IOQ roI. HDIBIIliS f1I 1MI
OllU1CIL Vl0lA1ZI TIS 14TH AD 15,", ~ TO 11& 1IO'ID
w-=a: ern
&as
CDlTt1V1l.
II \r.'ICCIltSftTVnOlV.11.J IJIWTDfC Tt& 'WlftS f1I IIL\CIS P'D lCII~caJ'.
A.
'nIe Standard. 8,. vtdch To Jlldce The CoastiNtl ...lit,. Of
n..
Prwe-t
IfIt_ II ,.~ In !DdS!! 1«,,1'[ 412 U.s. 755 (1913). AI Iqllcated. Ia J1.r J
Other C...nda
"E'clsbm
all DS80
485 r.3d 1291 (5th Cir.
lin),
leI!; c.ttgll hd'b SsbpN I e. . !
Alf'd On
nerehe1l,
liti.... nw.. dte.nctuiatiea of t'" Ta:.. electonl ar-t-, lleither
t ~... t....,... .,. int......., _ _ ce tbe opport-.J.ty for
ndd ....
tlIe Dlatftct e-t t~. More ~anr,
it fe-ld tllat dJta a.co.atftlC't1oft
tb.........e been only tWIll
- ..,..., 111 u. Wlu e-tr Wecatlott of the: Taa. HOUle of aepreHftUd. . . . . tbat t ..... tw .... tba enI,. two Jlfe&J"De' ....er .lated
1ft
criaMu.,
"p,
z.:::t~r:.....ee:=~"t~~::'r:-:''':t~e:''~(~~~~e-
pu'ty CIftdl"t..a1atlJt.
Dan., CcMrt,..
b
h t orpniutioll, tblll
Diatrict Cowt f " ' , tit BOt • . - t'" _pport of the Jlfecl"O c-w.t,.
to tria tIM .lecti. te tIM e-tr, . d it did t1ot: n:hlblt coo6-falth
~.. t . tile political ... otber need. and a.pintlo". of thlll
-..,. ~t:r.. IS •• Ct. at 2JJt-4O.
(
(
The CoUI"t made dadh.r f1ndir\&1 with rq:ard to the trut_t of CMc."Inol
in Bexar Co"'lty and wd inter aU., '"the District Court &l1O COftclwted
ference. for ..lti_ber or It-h"le diltrirtin&. or that the
ahtm" of past di.c:r1"'nltioll 111 cenenI preclude. the eflKtin
panielpatiOll b' the l1em. IYIt_, • ItI"Oftl case h _de. Suc:b
proof 11 mhallud bJ I .tIovLrc 01 the alltenc:e of larae districts.
_JOI'ity ~ote requ;i~ts, anti_Ii. .le ,hot ~ot:iac prond __,
Ind the laell: of prondOft for at-hl"le eatldl4lte. rurudllC f,...
particular ceocrapllic:a1 _bcU.atrlcu. n.a faet ot dlbrti_ 11 .....
ublhh.. 'llJIOIlI .,.., of thl mst_ce of sa ~tI of tbe:se
facton. 'nIa Su,..... Court'l ruent pnnounc-C 1ft ~
!sIs.GS£.. sa.. ,-nrates, bown.r, tblt IU the,. 'Iletora - _ot: be
ln order to obtaiB reU.r.· 485 r. 2d It 1305.
('NItA
the evidence that tbe BeD-I" e-ty lqblatin delee_d.Oll in the MClUI. va.
iflSuffidentlJ reJponlhe to Hcd.u.~ric:M interut.- 14. at U4l.
2.
Ii......
"s!sitbm leta fortb nrloua
'.«on,
both prta..,.
JII'O"''
and enhandn,. intIudin, the un1"e.ponl1nn... of blhbtor'S
to the p-.rtic:u.lari.ed. intereat of II1ftOrithl, onl,. • taNCIU
~.u poliCJ
J.
districtln&. the pl'\I!clualon of e!fecthe partid.patien on the
oUt..... tbe CO'lrt ia 'cDSS
part of II1norithl in the election proe... "uu•• of 1:IM
existence of put dilcrildn,t1cm,
requ.1~t
en.t_ee
of b
of IUJOritJ .ote. anti-aln&1e .hot
risto.". &lid ablence of •
r.eqW.~
.UtI
m
the ln(1976).
r.J4 3D9 (5t:t, Clr. 1978)
vitia reClrd to "'norit,. ~ot:i"l richu in .1ection. for _lel,.l ofliciall,
t'" c.rt tid. .tata cll&l"1:J tbat proof of the flcton tnuncilt" i.a
..-
that candidatu for at-
T
l1IIIlt ..tlalies
Dayt. 06 V.I. m
.lth. . a d.htrlct. covt filld1nc of .. absence of \ll\CDnlthvtlonal dllvtion
IUKrlctl.
1
Proof of the fleton _cistM in
t" l"eqII1,....t of '"bh,m" T
Wlderl)'inc the prd'erence for -.ald_ber
l1IacI
II
lUll ponti• • IWI f~ pudClll1ar Ceocnphlcal IUb-d1atrie:tl.
Ordte4 Sutes Court of Appeals for tlw Tilt. eirodt, duilll _
baftC t.
Iimst. declared _lItiwt.l_U,. 1anUd • .,at. of at-larc. llee:ticm pre-Icribed br the Dbtriet Court tor the SdIool Ioard and poUce j1lri•• ta Z t.
Carnll .. ri.... ia '-ld.ana.
n.
Cout itt
Ii-.E
di-..." Ue pad
..
'!nr~
It h . . MCIIMUT to ...... that tbe .,.:t- of ,t-l&r&.
4.
"eton ,. 1011'-1
olectl
"Where it is .pnnt that , "'1IOrl.t,. is afford.. tM oppon__ty
to participata ift the .latlq of caftdidllta. to roepr. .",t It• •,.....
..
Iel4ee
MIt"
t
~
Qln pC
Jui••
:')\r~12:f(lrarii1~ ~.~,,:~0;~1J!1~~fI:D
'" Appaab attlft111ll • District
.eh-I.
tIM
-.lti......... cU.atrietiac Idl_ ia Indiaail' ~ ,....tn a ho14. .
ot M cU.bItt",. ~ - U liCIt be CClfttI"01.1la&......., ..,..
die ItIU pollCJ f''I'OI''1q -.It.i
r or .t-lal"la IIlstl"lcti_.
is
i.a rael.l di.crl.
tull. CorrNrIa1:J, . . . .
alI'lorlty __ d._strata' lick of 'CCl" to the pI'OCIla of .1.Itlq
c:aftltidaUI, the UlU'I.ponl1'1'me.. of lei.laton to tbetr panie.iJlteN.' •• c:onti_ stlta peUq '-"1:Jiac tIIa pn-
larl'"
hGt"
_ct." vith d.1.crlalnatol"J ptrpo•••
1I NeW,
~~~~:~~f:'~'::~~e:~:~~-:ba~e::s
~~'T..=~t:-
trirtillC IJIt. is ,...ed i.a • Itroq auta pollCJ d.horroed fn- tIM
(
b
m
r.J4 2J8 (5th Cir. 191'8) prob.
4T V.s.L.V. J22l (V.I. Oct. 2, 1978) (lrlo. 17-1844), the Court
eo.r.:
fin41ac that the qat_ of at-lal'll
decti_ of . . . . . of Ua MoM.le City eo-t..i _ _ C*lath1rtlonally dl111ted.
t"t t
of IIlaoritl..
1ft . . deli. ., tlte
e-n
,..jected tlae cit,.'. a r c - t
lid. . . . eI ,",clal dhc:rUiut1_ vb'" tba plan - .
un'bUshed in 1911 and tiler-doN, WIder Va,MnGpn!
Duif. the necenal')'
btentional di'crhl1natioa had nat ben lboIIn!
571
r.ZeI
at 246.
"The city ardmtly a ..ert. that lince the 1911
plan Vat enacte4 under 'nee-proof' drela!tancel.
it 11 iamme f,.. canltitutional attack. Black, had
heen effectively dl'enfranddled by the lbbula Ccnstitlltion of ISOI, and therefore the at-lsl'le plan
h said to have been adopted in a CClIIteEt where
racial consideration. could not ha.. e betll relevant • • •
The City _lll
III interpret; ",.MnGm! btyil
11l'ld lrUnlt on Reichl' to re<flire a Ihowlna of ilt"
tentional dl.crimnation b the _etaeat of the
plsn. Ve aquarely rej.cted this ooat"tiGa La !DIS1
It .. it _a rejected by the en but court in I1D.U1
•• ligaN of SUJ)!rri.oo, SS4 ".211 U9 {5th tir. c.rt.
.s.
noted that a plIn ntlltnl at It. inception . y n..........
tbeloll be~ unc:on.titut;ianaJ. wbea it 11 -.intatned lor tbe purpo. . • 1 dnf,lainl ttl...ot. . 01
Bbaa. Ve abo d_'t"tld ttlat if the '"rela",
01 the rridence under the
criteria iJtdic:at••
di1\1tton, then the inlel'el'lCle aria. . that the plan
11 beill( llainuined with requidt. inttllt.
u.a
The at-1arIe adt_ that hal lo..emed Nobile
'ince 1911 11 archetn-1 01 the intentionally ...intained ptan we contellplated in .!!IIs11 It. The
t1ndiq. of tht: Diatrict Colart WIder It-r'a
t:rc;:
of the Jtinorit1e.' rilht to .ate, the delenclaat. then
ban the bIlrdeD. 01 shOllill&, by aIlhltantial rridenc., thAt
the IIillOritl.. preaeat1y han equal acoua to tt. •
Udcd procell•
I" "ds.ft T
Bpenl
g'SvRsaiag" g' maC! Cpunt.J
"''''!lipd
5S4 ... at 1Jt (1m), c:ert. d...ied. 434 U.S. 968 (1978), the Court 0'
Appola re-t'erae4 a D:I..trict Court decision that had approved
II
plan tor
.in&le-ber diltrictil\& to cure a nolation 01 the _ n one-"ote
principla.
The plalntiltl in that Qae had u'JUed that the plan,
-a
tllouah aui.nc the tilparity in population
.1-
dn&1_ber diltria.,
perret_ted defti.al of sd.nortty ac:ee.. to tile political procell by .plitti",
~~haa;ti~}J:::':::-:l~~t~=:a
til , coIle.he sd.aortty Totinr; area iIKo
l\1tion 01 the Bladt ..ate relUltiq I .... intentional
nate le&hlathe 1JasUJA which is aa delecthe
al • • • ilrtentiOl\&l atate action.' 423". Supp.
at J98 (.-pbs.if in oripaa1). 'ftd.I, the District
Court beld, wa lU"icLeat to IUpport a t1lldtnl 01
IIIICClftIt1tvtiou.ll~. Ve 'II'M."'
Colart lint coacluded that the ltaJtdarda d
e1'l.1 dittertat areaa.
The
e1oped ill the sulti_her
di.trict Qua "ba.... equal appliQtio" to redi.trietilll .ebeau _t",
ue .1 daal....-.l>er ti.tricta, IIIch u the plan JI":....t1y belore this
Court."' 554 ... at at 143.
b--.
m ••_
ftIe
c.rt
of "It dUcrisd.Mti
t . . . t..........
(
and. .-epine
act. 01 di.cr:bd.aatiOll in the put eonatitvtina dilutioa
ha...
~~~9nr.-~hdT~~:~ ~~~:,~.2d
_lated plan that perpetqtea put intentioul di~
cri.-ination is IIIIc:onstitut;t--.l. In!aS1 n. w
Once a pWoti" hal eatabibbed perYIlhe
tit
dealt with. the relation,hip
rriden.. of pl'elent etton:.
)
(
'¥Idb rceopbin& utI ~ of ue put t.b. Dbtriet
Court took tbe approadl tMt ell. record. • • not ,....- to be
an aCCUnlU refleetiOil of e:unnt ClDftdid.....
,.at
'There 11 • paint 1ft d_ -.bell
in.t..c..
or _plel of I"oal d.i,ai.-.i.adon be~.oc • ti_. when I p.at historr b e _ I ' ..-te td.ltOI'7.
That t1.lH hn ,rriYed for Hinu County. Mhtakes of
the .11'l:1 1960'1 Md prior to that ti.. do !lot, 1ft
tllll Court', opirdon. hu'e any Ilpdlic:ant effect ..
the "oad.natlon and eleetloft of Hinel County C1ftlcbla
1ft. 1915.
hard
In palted 1m" J
571
............................................................
pt ","nino
pl
r.at 951 (5tb Clr. 1m). the rUtb Ciroa1t
ate, IlMlll1ry eat,bU.bed b)'
~
an4
'emit Cpyoty Mh,i"lppi.
.pin
I14uL .....
t.he Ipplic:atiorl of the stan4ardl inohed "bal bea
eft
balle lIed-alon of thb
e:--t ••••" (571 r.24
Coan _ t "tint. ia't'utipte
~.r
CYfertakftl
It 953).
b)' the
I1.ItIs:!:
11M Diltrict
Ue .u.oritJ -=--dty 18 ,retend,. de-
•• to the polith:d procell... 1l1i", tbe t . .u
......._
4ilcu..ec1 the -.lti-
Boted that to __ extent
~nt"
in
I.i!I!tt
to pille tMt innatlpti_, &ad i f the Dhtriet Coart: dete....nu tbat denial
of ICC••' e:d.atl J theft the,.. _at be • •ecmcl e...luatlol1 to clctentine lltlat
IdJtd of re-edi11 pha will eon-ect that clenb! (511 '.211 .t 9U-954).
rtlt" Cil"Cla1t
......' J
r.at
tJ)
.-tt.... t_t 1a additioa to
JU'. sst r.M U6S (5th Cir. itn)•
(51:.11 Cir. un).........
ClllUi......
..s An"
J Cam". S5J
~b of dlO.. ca•••• the
nltll C1rca1t • • • '"can. . an-.d._ to th• • _dt7 for •
~1p.ti_ ~
die faCit
,
~ inal... qrtaft:ioq ~
t"
~
The
IiDIg, tile recl!l\t cleddo". of
~.d ••
ot tlbIti_ i t hUed,' ..d
CJ' of the
n ....
fill f.ct- (5n '.2d
at 1S4).
n. nltll c:u.lt
_
(
o
b
Un:"
II.dlm: .. IIMwiaI
!lm !lat. t_t .... f01all
,.clal
........ ftat" t_t f _ fII t _
at: .54),
t.
to be ripd.fi-
crt.lftad_ Md. official laIIl'uponlift-
-11-
ra-.lt
ot
~.t. 1&....
(511 ,. 2d
\
j
""at pt 'Mprnt '9a pf
Ttl. FUUI Ciradt then specifically ltated, in
pre8eftt t.o
~nt..
d-uu of aco... to the poUtieal prace.., -
but llerel,.
"beld _ell dl.cn.lft.t!OII _111 be ~tt"~e4 '" proof ~ha~ • _bel' of
~"'e Itl~.
10J1l1~;
/
S.
propert,. rltqlli..-nts for c.and14atel for suJ'errhon:
6.
d.ol1p1ation of the e_t,. lor the ue 01 fe4eral y~iftl
"
rep.rt ....";
&dli.-.4L.u.
7.
dhqu..Uficatl_ of ce".1II. black caadiutel
to
election c-s..doni
effect of .. l~ aod.a
\
br die _ t y
Ilpo11
UI black's a14Ut:y
Yariou.a dect.onl Md\ard_:
ladl of re.....h __• to the lleeU fI4 black ndMfttl.
Mhtllltppl.
u.,t.
no Black had
_t.J"'1'lwere
un '.34 at.
.ut
,.cto
ftat pftlMllt.
954).
Mex1~ri(.lft 'to
hdlcaee that the m.orit1e. ift't'Obed 111 tbi.
the Pitt.. Cil'Cldt
_t_
tbat
CIB17 Uree 06
dlb _ - (5n
".iII It 155).
to "'-
(sn
ill 'the preHllt ca.. 11
a.
t4Irti-o' 1ft tbe reeoc'll
plMl.'.
~~erni",
'.i11 n
956). ftl.
Ie" gf """hAD pt 'emit Cmp!'tT
li.eliCit Cou1: will _dAll" it nee....". e. bear .dditional
p.nUaa tile c.podti. . . . . fo,. of
dlat -':he ~-
ee ..,.., wit"
IlDUI!a .1Aft8
record
to .4InIl...4I qaelft1011' i,",obed ift the r-41.d
too
e1'fecth.e...
the effect
or
Hluhrippl.
ca_ • • ...-.... with tht ~ ~bt.t "I~ 11 probable. tbel'efore. that the
In .&!ltIOll, fedenl qt.1nI ~rtnn
'"eton, "dell an l:ellf " . . .
_.
B-'.2d l't
perllOI'I ~o ~he
tlae ,....-.: p1M . , . etfec:tin Black PJ".id.patlOl'l ill the d-...t1e proce..-
had be. ned In 'or-rut Cowlty. Mini..lppi. _d the CcMrt c:........ tlat
Mtl... of
etoe. not
... lI.ed tIlIt "I1len 11
enr be.. elect_
.lack aM. no Kui~ricall pen_i haft ..er be-.
elecud to t.he 14Ibbodc CiQ' C-c:U.
lipdfieant.
1ft 'tbe '"_~ e... ~ha ltlectiOft of one Black
TIN,i.ftll Cil'Cldt c:.pla.1Jte4 that '"1tl.
.pan"
t.o ~ offic. (sn '.211 at. 954), Jlln .. ia t.he , " _ t ea.. the parti. .
ftO
~he ~tJ' will nO(. "K~.~l1 ladl.ca~e ~ha~~dtI h.... e
caM ba.e .dd.... f.n .eee.. to the political affaire of 'the Lubbock
U.
Itlpalatecl t.hat
955).
-,,-
Tbe nnh Cirodt abo 1Hlted. t.hat. t.he puti. . .dpalated 1ft I8!I:!.J(
baT.
Un '.2d. u
.~ce•• ~o ~M poli~le:U alfain ~ ~he CDWIt)'"
ebe ltIee lepalJe-n:,
.. hip ftte of Uoc .,otlq;
et 'emn e..,,$T
offic:1al 1ft
pn:.eft~.
the JUdI Clreu1~ .bo uJ.d ~..~ ~ ehet10a of 10 Bh~
l.abtlock IDdependent Scbool Dittliet School Board, or one
c: leftl
10.
SUBat""
•
..,!3l. Jut ..
to putld...U;
9.
were
SlpifiCUl.~l1,
effec:th. Ilack partici,.ti.-
/
teat~1
re-
diatriet. that will enJUre
Un'.2d..~ '56).
With .... pecI: t . tile taJd.. . of ..t_1Ce and the .cope of ~he inquirt.
t_,
el-.t.
aupemlOl"lt
tho
~
OllIlfrwItirlc tile Pitt..
Clrc:uJ.t la ~. .e after cue 11' Uti_
p t l . of tM. eat... 11 not tb.t tha Dhtriet <:ouru are tulq; too
llU~b
...t_ee, ... t"~ they .... taJd.lII too Ut.tle, eo tbat it 11 neculI&l"y to
-1"
(
(
(
r .....nd in order to get an adequate record.
~)
Plainly, it is the <lIty of the
li.t.d in their "Alt.mativ. A" of the Propo.ed Pre-Trial Order fil.d in this
Di.trict Court to pendt the "exhau.tive review of the factual .ituation"
ca."
mentioned in W.llace .... Hou.e, 515 F.24 619 (5th Cir. 1975), and to encage
that .ll such utt.r..... hich1Y .ignificant in • ca•• of this natur., are
in the "ccap...hen.iv. in.....tig.tion of the fact." ....tioned in ~
relevant, are uterial, and are
Pa...graph 4, and aubad.t that the ca••• di.cu•••d .bo.... cl....ly hold
supemsors of Farre,S County. llissis,ippi, J.!!2!1.
8.
ea••
No doubt the D.fendants in the p....ent c..' would lik. the Court to re.trict the scope of the inquiry to the City of Lubbock only, and within the
~
And
erldence.
~
To The F.ct. Of Th. In.tant
Ccapela The Conclusion That Th. Pr••ent Sy.t.. Is Uncon-
stitutional.
City of Lubbock to r ••trict the inquiry to .....icipal go......-tal affair.
only.
~dms.ible in
Th. Applic.tion Of
Th. fact of unconstitutional dilution is established by the existence
Th. D.fendants would pr.f.r not to go into endence of the 1 _ history
of an agg... gat. of f.ctor. vhich includ., but are not n...ssarily Uaited to,
of racial discrimination throughout- the State of Texal, ud the facti con-
the following:
c.ming litig.tion in f.d....l court. to COI'I'.ct such ...cil1 di.crindnation.
and in the St.t. of Texa., in .ll .spect. of lif., the ...sidual effect. of
No doubt the Defend.nts would p...f.r not to go into the fact. of ...cial dis-
vhich still exi.t and ha.... not .ufficiently chang.d to eUllinat. the long-
crimin.tion in the City of Lubbock, and the f.d....l ...uI't litigation that has
been n.c......,. to .nd it.
• 1 _ history of racial di.crillination in the City of Lubbock
t.nI con.equen... of the hi.torical denial of acce.s to the political pl'Oc...
And undoubtedly, the Defendants vould like to bo-
of the -.nity; n_erou. educational, housing .nd econoad.c deficienci ••
gin with a clean slate nov, fOr'lettlnc and iporiq the decade. of severe
affecting Blacka aIld MexiSUl-A..rican.;
...cial discrimin.tion against Black. and Mexican-A. .rican. that th••• Plain-
sent.tion on the Lubbock City Council ainc. the f",nding of the City of
tiffs and Plaintiff-Into.....enor ha.... been forced to auff.r in the City of
Lubbock, continuing ...broken to the p..._
Lubbock and the Stato of Texa..
t.ba1anced JIlblic .chool cyst. in the City of Lubbock, Texa., vhich has be... ,
But if this Court so ....trict. taki,,!: of
• total lack of any adnori ty r.pr....
tiM:
the exi.ten.. of • racially
enL"ce in this c..., as requ.sted by Defendants, that the Plaintiff. and
and still la, the ...bject of litipUon in thla Court;
Plaintiff-Int......enor cannot p....ent their .ub.tantial endenc. on th••••tten,
...cil1ly .egrepted JIlblic f.ciliU. ., such •• the Lubbock Coun1:y Jail,
then this ca.e will su...ly be back befo.... this Court .t • l.ter date on .-nd
pool., courth......, .nd ...-a-reb1e f.ciliti •• ;
f .... the Fifth Circuit for lack of
litigation
all
.dequat. record, .ll partie. to this
of Lubbock in it• •p l _ t practice.;
haYing ...peatedly as••rted their intention to aweal the case re-
llexic:aa-Aloer.lcan.;
prdl••• of the r.sult obtain.d .t tri.l.
Plaintiffs Uld Plaintiff-Int.........or intend to offer endeDc. on f.cton
tabboc:lt,
o
rex..,
the exi.t... c. of
,.ric.,
di.crilllin.Uon by the City
1_ ...ot.r tum_ by Black. and
racialq polarised ...otine in City Council elections in
and is other .l.ction.;
inability of Black. and Mexic:an-
Aeericaa. to .e...... leadenhip poaition. in local poliucal partie.:
un......
.POD.b_e•• by White City CClUftcil ......ra to the n.ed. of the Black cOllllllUftity
-14-
-15-
c
("
clhPllrlt1 in -.dc:1Ral lerrieu II be-
'nd the Hexican-Allerican c:-.nlty;
t_ftl wtdte
persona, on tbe ant hand, aM. llac:kl and
Aaerieans to key dt1
.. to
C'Ille
loye~ul
podtlo.t
Oft
the ra/O:t thllt the -..ltioo4btriet
cOlWl. .l_. &ad
.,..tell
~tt".
the fhld of health h
opent•• ia ndt • _ ,
tt. fact that White
contribl.ltlOl'lI and spend _re •
than m.norit,. cancl1datea do;
~1Jl5
eand1date.
hip
Uft.,J.~t
trea~t
nt••, ift lubbock, faa'l
of Ihc:b ...
the .b_ea of • polley
lubbock, fccUI
t~
of 'lau. and Haieal'l...A_rieall. in lub'boek. Tex... to Jiluify the <:nadon
reed,..
of
Il"l)~r City
Cowteil elec:tiOft dhtrict:a;
ftand1rl& .oeial aepan.t:1m betweeft V1d.tes,
t.be &eocnpbleal COft«ftt~d_ of Made. mil
Kex:l~ncans, on
tIM: lack of
tH Gt.ber bud, In
Oft
Ilpirte&l\t and Ion,·
the eme band., and 'lacks Md
Lo~,
fHera) 'odne Rlcht. Act to the City f4 Lubbodc;
Taas;
.pplication of tile
tba lau of re.pon.h_
ne.. oa. the .. ft of tho ,..riou. bou'll••
~ttee.,
and
neeeta of the Iladl. Md HuiCIft-AMr.l_
~tiea
in Lubbock:, foaa;
~
.1JiUty of White c:a.ndi4atea to •
eleeti_ "
tlle "tousity of .ppeal1nJ too Blade or
tbe lad!: of re.porlli.........
tbe Cit, CGurldl with-
Hex1~caa ,.otcenl
boaNJi,
eM
~tt__,
.d
CIIt
~.Ilons
~.lions,
of • chtl rl.pu ordinance delplte frequent requ.lta to do •
••, but ftot UlIltl4 to, tbe Lubbock "'-n Ad.tl_. e-t.uion.
thu of the Black aDd
"aiea~_riCM
t i - . in t.bboek. faa.;
c1»" ...
o..-,i.....
fartan U.t.ed ia
tbe f.ct: that in ordl!r to be elKt.ed to the t..bbodl
I~",
and White poUtical parth., Md WO'Ild ...,.. to
eol.... df.ec.he IlUpport fna 8Uda "hlt.
n.du &ad
1Ia::l~c:aa
• ..nu
1"'0'1" ... ,...n;
b ttla n.dI. Md
Kal~can e~th.
I\Idl
of s1ltina
t.h. lftrt.nt ea•••
h.,.,..... ftaultl fJ'Dll tht pre.ence of an
as-t aM .ISJ::UsI. "c:tOl'l,
eadl one of
'*lda 11 • JII"IPII' _d necta&rJ' _uer for lnqulry ill the Utl,ation of thll
caeo.
til. ~ty of iftternt
1._,
abM!ll't b
Url_atit.lrt:l-.l 4lacrbd.ll&tlOlll,
tho f.ct drat
ord_ee4 by lAw f"17
Ift17 tht "lack of .eeea. to the procell
OCINPU of .t:L.t . . . f4 the
~
rr- inidi. . 4bCl"illladiaa ... u.t-
..c: in t " fltld of econoIIl.u in llI'bboc:':, fcc. .;
~
C&ltdidote.- (485 r.2d.t lJ05) b
Cit,. CowIdl, Ilacb and Hoican.....eriCM. _ld ..... to cat... to Vldto ....on,
vtdte politleal
He:d.~ricana,
r ... tbe fOftcoinc, it COIl ba . 0 . that. of t.he Itneral altd tnhandftC
1Iln0riti. . ill tbe Cit)' of r.bItock,
tbe ai.t_c:e of I"Ildal dhcrilllnaU.... ia. pr:hatl!
and
"tid! hn. been e&tabU.,eet with the
J>rt-ry object-h. of Mm. . the n..cIa of Iladu .. d
b7 ...prneata-
to the
the pon. of the City Coandl to tbe _nOlla
1.l.lbbock Cit, Council', lai111.". Imtil the lag _ttl or N. to .dopt ...,. type
Ta..;
at.
the 'f'l!Ienea of 8UfClcient percental"
ad.jlldicateoS ellle. of racial 4l1lel'Ud.n.atl. in 1u.bbock.
Teza.~
bto-
Ke:d.~caa.a lJt
elected offichl. who relide in the l"lnpbic ,re,. 1ft whldl .lacb and Mexican. are _eentnted;
'(
.nd
lara. d.moa.a ift h_nlle dtil!ll
lor Cit, e-c:ll wetlon
Kuican-A_rleanl 1ft lhettoes or _rdOI 1ft labboek, fe:xaa;
achle'l'~,
nell... dhuiJllftatiOl' qlia.rt
llaw and Mexiean"""-erieanl to be unable to .ttord CUlpalp
coaU ill City Council election.;
~re
low hOll1l1l& ...alue., low ""tal nlul!I, ipdeqlAate ph*d.nc flldUd . ., low
edueati-.l
01'1
the lack of 11pdfiUllt appoinllNnt 01 alacb and Koicut-
the C/thu- hnel;
IUId boards;
"a1~CUI"
It b
tM My ., tld.. e-rt to _ar ord_c. _c:enlllll, and delemlle
tM cda_ ...
'0
I
nalutUc
tIM
ettoct ." t " ..........11.t. . f.cto,.. 1.11 the
at~
a"~cate.
in
., tIM _ _ tlt11tl-.l dllcri.ld.Aotion COIIplaine<i of in
tid. caM.
-11-
(
(
It 11
and
1A
llB!a
.!1J:DJ:r:
11.0
illpOrtant to note that the liat of factora Nt fonb in
11 not an exMloIlthe Uat;
t1I.
run
t.bat it is proof of .. -ureptlc... of It lent _
Usted, "or siMilar one.,· thl.t b
f'eqIl1re4.
it 11 not Hee• ..". tMt • Jartic.lar fact or
lilts let out in
!!bi1L
can of tM, DanA, _
!!bU.L
praetieal effecta of electoral adl_1 IIIfI1dl voue likely
to perpewau that abaMotl:ll faUure of repreamtatioa
and to the .,,.rent .bem~ of I"J' nti~ Itat. or
loeal polley 1ft aUpPOrt of the all...t_la~c plana'
(515 ".211 at 631-632).
Ciraalt .ped.llcall;r ~,ud
554
r.3d
of the laetora
Ttle l)1atriet Court a are IlOt to
at 14.). AccontlJl&11.
c:L~«:
be bld__ ia til,
u.u: and IlDuL 1ft order to be .dId...ibla ia •
loftt; II tbe faet or circ:U.,UIIU:' inobe4: is _
C.
e",n. TindifIC All Ab..n" Of Dillrti_ Are Clearly Diatb&Uiahable On Tbe 'aeta,
In
Plaintiff, Met PlaiJltiff-YMert8lor de.lre to .u:e tbh poiftt ...,.,. dear
yn. .
!
Yep. 403
in rlf'V ot the Defendant,' politlOft, I ' let forth in their ","Itemathe .. fill
(5th Cir. ItT6). the Covt
the Proposed Pre-f'rial Order filed in thU c. . ., Pancnpll C, te tbe dlect
Cit,. of ~_riUo
that: virtually ne,.,. factor
"til'
~fte4
bJ the feden! courts in ded.41nI
easu of this "ltv." b, tor . _ unaplallMlCl na.en, tttrnlrrlllrt,"
lal," and "ina$dsaible" In the prot'eat cue.
r.
hJIP. 51 (1m Ta:.
In5).
atftd 53'7
r.ad
llU
hal. diet the ~_ of et-lal'le elect:ioll. in the
Wo. 1Iat: riolath. of the roaft.....th ifill Pitteeftth "-dMnu
to th. hited SUte. Cout1t:vd..
III ~ bow'fcr. the e-t: noted that
the toul -taority popalatiOl' (MalClll-.Meric:. and. llack) .... ~ 11.8;
-"-ter--
c.leqMntlJ, '"there . .14 han to be at leaet: 14 or .ere
Plaintiff. anel PlaJIltUf-Inur--
dbtriet. 1ft order to
no ..tborhy lor Ddtll....u ' podUM all tM,
p,..
dftCl~
the 11f,ck. _4 Mu:l~-eriCIII' a percentile
inutI, &lid that: the Deferuk"t.' COIrttntion 1ft thh reClnt 11 tlholly wltllcvt
_Jority ill GIl. diatriet for .. eII at.t.d.c IIiIlcm.ty• •th the ~ftilll 12 db-
_rtt.
tricta Ila:i.. ~ q all wbit. _Joriti••••
In4eed. the Pirtb Circuit _de it ,leJ.1I ia )'aIle$' J
Rgyar
lituatiOl'l lnld.erlJi"C • • •
/i,] ....lti_bel'
plan.. (US P.24 at 631).
PUth Cif'CUit .pedtic:ally 'lOted that ~ ~ end.
tubbock ia
-1..
"'II' Sod.
-Joy • _Jorl~
1'v1Fr J "sI,Ube
It
64.
8e-
a dlli1&r berea•• ill the ai•• of tbe Cit,. Cowlcll -td
et
the JIOPIlatiCIII.
.-t_.
t . . . . . . t . . . . . . ._
._1'
t_ . .
•
thiftCII*
-fbe Court b botb _ . paid elMe att_tioa to tbt
fact. of tbt ,.rtiCll1e.r dblati • • •t hMd. to tbt Mat.".
of -.tied -elect lIT elt'cted t'e,....,..uti... ftI
tc""ata of • ta.rae mllbcr of thail' _
C4lIIltit-.nu. to the
Su".
not be 1'eqllira4 1ft tubbadr: to JoI"O'rl4a dhtricu ia widell the _floriti.. -.l4
fb.
490 P.24 191 (5tb Cir. 1973). were'lood e:xuapl" of the Jll"GPll'llIPllea.ti_
of the pri"c:1ple. of the di11ltiCIII donn• • beeuI... - .
403 p.
CIII'. the JIlu·cental. of IIiftOr!tr . . . . - . (Ilack and He:d.~ricall) 1ft
515 p.3d
61' (5th Cir. 1975). that tbere ~ be .an em-.the 1'8"1'1" of the faet1aal
(
the iaqll1.ry. bllt a"" obUSed. to
adequately the faet. and dro..JltUlcea of eadl parth,...lar ea....
dId-
lIrtothneU.ted..
.ftlor subet: that there h
""1'1'_
pemt it to i.e .. broad and ldde-nnctal . . poaaillle. 1ft order to deTe10p
t:M . " fill t:M
tnat. there h
1IuaoYar. ifl
.-n__ of
t • •ftOr1ty
aln'tftt:
the
e-n
_a able
_de.
1ft the b.unt caae, by
00ft-
l.t.ck of r.'poIII,h"". ., on the pert r4 the
c:i~ eo.dl t. ad.... rity I l " .
/0
YU.Ia
fIt6 eri.enca racardi.ltc a ~ lac*: of re.pon.h~...
.
-,
Other cA.el In which C:OIlft. hIl'fe 1011114 an ab.ence
stm.larly 4lltt"C'lhhable on their I.etll
or
A_ric.aa. to be eleetell to the City Council, atll« in onler to do "
41111ti_ a ...
or
511 r.2d 209
praetleal _nero for....,. Black or Mu;:tc.an-A.erlc.aa to c _ d that _ y
lack of r ...ponshen... to f1tnority "eell•• u:htenee of Iht.
J(C!ttt J
policy lavori"l .t-bree deetlO11 of coWity co-'.lIioner.);
(Sth Cir. 1978) (popalatiCll'
pt'rsons lUnnlnl tor City C_cil);
or
\o'h1te votu in thi, City.
'14"
SS3
r.2d
~
thi, attllatlOl'l. the Court .hnuld ord.u
-.a.t 'be the: repruent.tin of. I .,.,cltlc Ie:OCmphlcal dhtrtct
913 (5th Cir.
Lubbock.
1977) (poplllation 01 only 13.000. eleetio" of two llack. ,i"e. rKCIIIatl'\lctlon).
There .hould 'be no at-1&l'&e -.be... at all.
IILU'Mte. the
el~iOft
1VTI(!(AUn CF nE nES!X1' IUC'ltCll' SU1DI IS , . A.HIClItllAft JlIUD' vtlICil
e:.-dl.
Lubtlods.
SIOlUl IE CIWlTD.
atMd that they Ire .ot: _titled. to suell • l'I'","t_.
A COUIT-4lUlfllZD IWI' CF SDlCI.Z-IeImt DI,mCft 1'0 IDmlI , . UlCClIfI1'I-
II.
District Coun •• nther thllll -.1tl _ _ dtnr1.et'. ill ,rand"l ccMlrt-oniered.
reliel in ell.... of thh " ..
Ct. 2493. 2497 (1918);
SUpreIH' CcMlrt ... id 111
t.....
('1!IV'pr J
!Ii"
J
V1"
J
Jobgp, «12 U.S. 690. 692 (1911).
14.S.,
rMe<Ual principle" (98 ••Ct. at 2491).
549. 551 (1912);
!:!s1.sI.
Kallln 'f
Hgys11
W• • _ _0 . 1 . - >
WI
CIlMS.! "UU • •
410 U.S • .uS. UJ (1'13);
or
electl",
n
_atlt-.tieM1 If:_laq•
Sm.
«l4 U•••
~
!gtrd
r-..t:r
tlle pnMftt:
of the Lu'bboc:k City ee-c1l.
.,n-••0 -...bet' of tlle
-.c:...atlt11ti...J.
tlIt4eI'
ta..
II"'. .t.
'-WIeQ City e - d l is
requ!r-.d 1:0 U'f. ill 1"7 particular cIlstrtct of th dty, or to reprwl-.t
lped.flcally pe,...... "'0 Un III UO' particular.,. of the dty.
. " e1~eII .t-lara..
'OIIIJ
or
the City of
Sudl a pl... _y not
of Blacb or Mu;:tc:a"...,...,rtca", to tM Lubbock Cit,.
~er.
nalndffl ....4 ndlltiff-IllterYenor lIItde:rBut .uch • plan -.ld
Mu:1eaft-Aaa'i_1 I 4eC!ftt. fair c:h.a"ee of bd""
that l(I'I'elft' tbee ill the City of tub'boc::k, ."d of eetl'fely
eft.ctl'f.ly partidptlti"l 1ft tbe political Uf. of tbb
~ty
lor the
fint ti_ 111 itl Mato"..
Until i l l of tb. ew:f._ce 11 III. n.htllfa and Plailltitf-Inter'fl!lIor d _
lt iIlpo..l\le to na:eat til. ,pecifics of ncb , plan. ill te..a of n\aber of
dtatrlCtl. or pecn.JlId.cal 'bcIIIndari•••
nallltiffl . . . PWlltift-Inun_r win ..Wt e't'f.dence .t trial t"t
td.ll dearly ellta1l1i_ perrut,.. IftdI _ • • oftldal acta of 41.crtlli".tiOft
coutitlltlac ..
~t.i--.l dtlalti_
of tt. ..tire riabt. of Blacks,
fIa:I.-...rt.caa, (.pIlIIl.....~ itldt'f'idlaala), _d 'botb Blacks .nd. Muicut-
u . r t _ (.,..t...........u t ....... (..... conatlt1rte • 1..arIer cla.. , tbe
a:l.1It_a of wtlidl . . reeep1se4 .". this Court ill Ita Order of J\lfte 1.
nallltiU, aad
An .......
tMl IJ'It. . !IIk'1 it iapo.l1\l. for llae" aa4 MalCM-
-»-
elected to the
_
J ",ghpll
A COUrt... n1..e4 pllll of dlt&1........ districtl
11 vbat 11 Nqllir-.d in the ,...Ient: c. .e to
1Jat-
AI the
('
It hili "repeated1J' realft,..,4 this
4» U.S. 1. 18 (1915); r.eu CaWl hrieb
4204 U.S. 636. 639 (1".6).
M'.
t.
at lun cl'fe Blacb _
It 11 settled that ai",1~r dhtrieu .... to \e -plC/J" .". t\.
c
To
a pl... wheuby e.ch aeaber of tbe Lubbock City Council -.a.t ".Ide In, and
CIft1y14.J69. "ddeney' reqlIi,....,.t for
puld 'f Carrtepn
or
Lubbock. 1M. a, the proof vitl eatabUsh It trial, it h not ponIU•• a• •
515 F.24 271 (Sth Clr. 1!'76) (Black _jority of the popalltlOll• •b.ence of
erilienee
tbey
-.ld haye to ee--ad the ...te. of I _jority of Wdte:. i. the City
MS£Ul! C,shdp CMtJ Ceh.I_.
De
f'lailltiff-Illt~or1ft
un).
the prelent cue u"der.taIlG that
radal or political ...." hal I CIOftlltltlrtloftal ript to be repre.ented In
_Zl_
proportton to tu nwaben, or to be includell ill an electoral dhtriet tN.t h
u~d ..n1 fa.,onble to the interutl o( OIIe'. _
,rouP1
ther -'erlta.
For tbe n:a_1 stated, the Court
that tbef an: not mtltled. to a .,oti. ,~ deaip" to praatee tile
deetiOll of a Iladl: or Mu;i~ricaa to thw 'Lubbock Cit,. e - d l .
Plaintiffs and Plaintiff-Inu",enor do
,ch_ that
,"It••nd
U'll
Ivt:
h
110
Jvdpmt f . the Ilalltt:iff. -ndi P1aintiff-lnt:e,..,,,,,or. tuin, all u.ta of
realinic pouibility of ....er .leett", • IIlnoritJ
Tex.... c-mt,..
neva
Md r ..pon,herlul to their
Il. . . .
ddl UtiptiOll Ip.ill.t lIefendlfttl, ,nd a_reline luom.,.1 fee. to Ilalntiffa
and n.tntiff-Illte"_ra
UDder the applicable l.w, naiftdff, Ind Ilai"ttff·lnte....
,\
.1 .
pan of auch con••
a••,.ctful.lJ
ill ttl. lubbock,
.,enor do han .. raaedJ "ainat I" .lection .,..t. that 11 t"neli""17 eli
«lfto'
ddl
dant.,. rdid' ~est:ed. b7 Ilaintiffl _ltd twfttiff..Jntenmor. rtnderlftC
,roup _ber to the CitJ Council. Md . . . . there it "0 hope of etfecd....
repr. .~tation of their
I_
ca.... and _pb.t the Dd'elllb.nta. QCI &Rllt til. equ1u.b1e n:lld' Iftd de--
tfttltle4 to, • "IOti"l
eWes not: dilute their ...otl", strcnct:1I ud ...-.illl ript t I the
point ""'en: there
.auld enter fladift&1 of flct
cllldon. of law iA f ....or of die nainttff. and l'lalJtt.iff..Jntenftlor h
A"""'1112 T..... A..._ .
crlllinatol'J', that dilute. and ClIllcela their "otll11 Itftn&l:h alllS .,ottll, n&MI.
Lubbock, Taal .,UOl
and that 11 fWlu-ntdl,. unfair.
......,..,.
1006 Ttdrt_U Street
Lubbodl. Ta. . 71401
"C. NUl.
IIl'*l.tted:.
...........
NUfC'l FIRE8\OOH ARTIIJR
Metro T.-r, Slliu 1506
Lubbock. T.... 79401
IllBOlT P. JaVIIlOV
School of Wow
TeD' Teell lh'Ii.... raity
Lubbock, Te:xa. 79409
).«)2T. . . . ., , _
I.UIIodr:.T. .lf9«)1
IAXIIL
t.
o.
a.
IaIOW
Io:a: 4030
1aMlodE. T.... 1940t
"'AttOnll.,. for J'laint:1ff-Intenenor
(
CERTIFICA1E OF SmVICE
This is to certifr that on the"--_......dar of Noymber, 1978, serrlce of a
true and correct coPT of the foregoin! trial brief val lllade upon Defendantl
br
hand deliverin! the S8IIIe as follows:
tlr. John ROil, Citr Attomer
Hr. JaJlel P. Brewster, Citr Trial Attomer
Lubbock Citr Hall
916 Texal Avenue
Lubbock, Texas 79401
Hr. Trani D. She1toa
Hr. Dennil W. Hdiill
Travil D. Shelton & Associatel
1.507 - 13th Street
Lubbock, Texal 79401
Br:
A~TroRICEf==~1CIR=~PIAI1I==TIFJI'S=~----
-34-